Seismic responses of the Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam were analyzed using the finite element method. The dynamic behavior of rockfill materials was modeled with a viscoelastic model and an empirical permanent s...Seismic responses of the Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam were analyzed using the finite element method. The dynamic behavior of rockfill materials was modeled with a viscoelastic model and an empirical permanent strain model. The relevant parameters were obtained either by back analysis using the field observations or by reference to parameters of similar rockfill materials. The acceleration responses of the dam,the distribution of earthquake-induced settlement, and the gap propagation under the concrete slabs caused by the settlement of the dam were analyzed and compared with site investigations or relevant studies. The mechanism of failure of horizontal construction joints was also analyzed based on numerical results and site observations. Numerical results show that the input accelerations were considerably amplified near the top of the dam, and the strong shaking resulted in considerable settlement of the rockfill materials, with a maximum value exceeding 90 cm at the crest.As a result of the settlement of rockfill materials, the third-stage concrete slabs were separated from the cushion layer. The rotation of the cantilever slabs about the contacting regions, under the combined action of gravity and seismic inertial forces, led to the failure of the construction joints and tensile cracks appeared above the construction joints. The effectiveness and limitations of the so-called equivalent linear method are also discussed.展开更多
This paper develops a new approach for reliability-based design(RBD)of tunnel face support pressure from a quantile value perspective.A surrogate model is constructed to calculate the collapse pressures of the random ...This paper develops a new approach for reliability-based design(RBD)of tunnel face support pressure from a quantile value perspective.A surrogate model is constructed to calculate the collapse pressures of the random samples generated by a single run of Monte Carlo simulation(MCS).The cumulative distribution function(CDF)of the collapse pressure is then obtained and the support pressure aiming at a target failure probability is chosen as the upper quantile value of the collapse pressures.The proposed approach does not require repetitive reliability analyses compared to the existing methods.Moreover,a direct relationship between the target failure probability and the required support pressure is established.An illustrative example is used to demonstrate the implementation procedure.The accuracy of the reliability-based support pressures is verified by direct MCS incorporating with three-dimensional numerical simulations.Finally,the influencing factors,including the sample size of MCS,the correlation coefficient between random variables,the choice of experimental points,and the surrogate model,are investigated.This method can play a complementary role to available approaches due to its advantages of simplicity and efficiency.展开更多
以裂壶藻干藻粉为原料,以清油得率为评价指标,采用两步酶解法提取油脂。在单因素实验的基础上,对清油得率影响较大的碱性蛋白酶的作用条件应用响应面法进行优化,依据回归分析确定碱性蛋白酶的最适作用条件。结果表明,水酶法提取裂壶藻...以裂壶藻干藻粉为原料,以清油得率为评价指标,采用两步酶解法提取油脂。在单因素实验的基础上,对清油得率影响较大的碱性蛋白酶的作用条件应用响应面法进行优化,依据回归分析确定碱性蛋白酶的最适作用条件。结果表明,水酶法提取裂壶藻油的最适工艺条件为:料液比1∶7,中性蛋白酶添加量7%,酶解温度45℃,酶解时间3 h,酶解p H 6.5;碱性蛋白酶添加量10%,酶解温度68℃,酶解时间6 h,酶解p H 9.4。在最适工艺条件下,裂壶藻清油得率可以达到(91.37±0.14)%。气相色谱-质谱分析裂壶藻油中不饱和脂肪酸含量为47.43%,其中DHA含量为35.09%。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.91215301 and 51309161)the Scientific Research Fund of the Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute(Grants No.Y314011 and Y315005)
文摘Seismic responses of the Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam were analyzed using the finite element method. The dynamic behavior of rockfill materials was modeled with a viscoelastic model and an empirical permanent strain model. The relevant parameters were obtained either by back analysis using the field observations or by reference to parameters of similar rockfill materials. The acceleration responses of the dam,the distribution of earthquake-induced settlement, and the gap propagation under the concrete slabs caused by the settlement of the dam were analyzed and compared with site investigations or relevant studies. The mechanism of failure of horizontal construction joints was also analyzed based on numerical results and site observations. Numerical results show that the input accelerations were considerably amplified near the top of the dam, and the strong shaking resulted in considerable settlement of the rockfill materials, with a maximum value exceeding 90 cm at the crest.As a result of the settlement of rockfill materials, the third-stage concrete slabs were separated from the cushion layer. The rotation of the cantilever slabs about the contacting regions, under the combined action of gravity and seismic inertial forces, led to the failure of the construction joints and tensile cracks appeared above the construction joints. The effectiveness and limitations of the so-called equivalent linear method are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51608407).
文摘This paper develops a new approach for reliability-based design(RBD)of tunnel face support pressure from a quantile value perspective.A surrogate model is constructed to calculate the collapse pressures of the random samples generated by a single run of Monte Carlo simulation(MCS).The cumulative distribution function(CDF)of the collapse pressure is then obtained and the support pressure aiming at a target failure probability is chosen as the upper quantile value of the collapse pressures.The proposed approach does not require repetitive reliability analyses compared to the existing methods.Moreover,a direct relationship between the target failure probability and the required support pressure is established.An illustrative example is used to demonstrate the implementation procedure.The accuracy of the reliability-based support pressures is verified by direct MCS incorporating with three-dimensional numerical simulations.Finally,the influencing factors,including the sample size of MCS,the correlation coefficient between random variables,the choice of experimental points,and the surrogate model,are investigated.This method can play a complementary role to available approaches due to its advantages of simplicity and efficiency.
文摘以裂壶藻干藻粉为原料,以清油得率为评价指标,采用两步酶解法提取油脂。在单因素实验的基础上,对清油得率影响较大的碱性蛋白酶的作用条件应用响应面法进行优化,依据回归分析确定碱性蛋白酶的最适作用条件。结果表明,水酶法提取裂壶藻油的最适工艺条件为:料液比1∶7,中性蛋白酶添加量7%,酶解温度45℃,酶解时间3 h,酶解p H 6.5;碱性蛋白酶添加量10%,酶解温度68℃,酶解时间6 h,酶解p H 9.4。在最适工艺条件下,裂壶藻清油得率可以达到(91.37±0.14)%。气相色谱-质谱分析裂壶藻油中不饱和脂肪酸含量为47.43%,其中DHA含量为35.09%。
