Managing Water Quality in Huntsman Lake （Virginia, USA）reDevelopment and Implementation of Restoration Strategies

Huntsman Lake is located within the Middle Run of the Pohick Creek watershed, which is itself located within the much larger Chesapeake Bay watershed. Data collected from both the water column and the lake＇s sediments indicate that phosphorus-rich bottom sediments are an important internal loading source, and these internal phosphorus loads would continue to adversely impact water quality until and unless sediments are removed or inactivated. The implementation of artificial circulation was anticipated to be able to increase the sequestration of phosphorus within better oxygenated bottom sediments, and was the first lake management strategy deployed in Huntsman Lake. In the first two years after the installation of a whole-lake circulation system, the lake＇s waters are no longer stratified, and the bottom waters are no longer hypoxic and/or anoxic. While there is no evidence of a subsequent reduction in concentrations of nitrogen or chlorophyll-a, average phosphorus concentrations have decreased. However, high variability in the phosphorus data decreases our confidence that this is a sustained improvement. These results are consistent with prior findings, including those from downstream systems, that the reversal of the symptoms of eutrophication can involve lag-periods up to several years, if they are successful at all.

The Impact of Urbanization on the Ecological Space of Traditional Villages and Restoration Strategies:Take Huangpu Village in Guangzhou as an Example

The rapid urbanization has brought tremendous impact on the ecological spaces of traditional villages,research on the influence process and restoration strategies will contribute to the protection and development of traditional villages.This paper took Huangpu Village for example,summarized the types and characteristics of its ecological spaces,analyzed the influence process and characteristics of urbanization on it,and then put forward 7 restoration strategies pertinently.It has some theoretical application value for the protection and development of traditional villages in the Pearl River Delta and other highly-urbanized regions.

Diagnostic model construction and example analysis of habitat degradation in enclosed bay:Ⅲ. Sansha Bay habitat restoration strategy

Unbalanced inputs and outputs of material are the root cause of habitat degradation in Sansha Bay,Fujian Province,China. However,the cumulative pollution varies in different geographic locations and natural conditions in the enclosed bay. In this study,hydrodynamic conditions,sediment characteristics,and aquaculture methods were recognized as the underlying causes of spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of nitrogen and phosphorous pollutants,the two major controlling factors of habitat degradation in the bay area. In order to achieve the goal of balancing nutrient inputs and outputs in Sansha Bay,we developed a feasible and practical zone restoration strategy for reasonable adjustment and arrangement of aquaculture species and production scale in accordance with varying hydrodynamic conditions and sediment characteristics in six sub-bay areas(sub-systems). The proposed zone restoration strategy lays a solid foundation for habitat restoration and management in Sansha Bay.

Acute optic neuritis: a clinical paradigm for evaluation of neuroprotective and restorative strategies?

What makes the acute optic neuritis model unique in an era of trials for neuroprotective and myelin repair agents？Acute optic neuritis（AON）is a common,and often the earliest manifestation of central nervous system（CNS）inflammatory demyelinating disorders like multiple sclerosis （MS） and neuromyelitis optica （NMO）.

Quantification of Nutrient Assimilative Capacity of Chara （sp.） in a Previously Hypereutrophic Lake in Southwest Florida （USA）： Implications for Lake Management

The Sunshine Lake/Sunrise Waterway System, located in Southwest Florida （USA） previously experienced extensive and persistent algal blooms, with noxious odors and deep organic-rich sediments. This algal bloom was addressed via a lake-wide dredging project to remove the material from the lake bottom. A contributing factor to the algal bloom is elevated phosphorus in stormwater runoff, likely due to naturally phosphorus-rich geology in the surrounding watershed. Due to the naturally elevated phosphorus supply, excessive nutrient loads will likely continue in the future. An ongoing monitoring program, initiated after the dredging of the lake, determined that a type of algae （Chara sp,） other than that which caused the initial bloom had established itself by October 2015. This plant biomass is considered an alternative destination for incoming nutrient loads, and as such should be managed, rather than eliminated via the use of herbicides. The abundance and nutrient content of the mass of Chara sp. in the lake and waterway was estimated, and the amount of external nutrient load that would be removed from the lake with physical harvesting of Chara sp. was quantified. The cost-effectiveness of nutrient removal via physical harvesting of Chara sp. was then compared against typical stormwater treatment ponds.

Non-permanent Pole-to-pole Fault Restoration Strategy for Flexible DC Distribution Network

As the structures of multiple branch lines(MBLs)will be widely applied in the future flexible DC distribution network,there is a urgent need for improving system reliability by tackling the frequent non-permanent pole-to-pole(P-P)fault on distribution lines.A novel fault restoration strategy based on local information is proposed to solve this issue.The strategy firstly splits a double-ended power supply network into two single-ended power supply networks through the timing difference characteristics of a hybrid direct current circuit breaker(HDCCB)entering the recloser.Then,a method based on the characteristic of the transient energy of fault current is proposed to screen the faulty branch line in each single-ended power supply network.Also,a four-terminal flexible DC distribution network with MBLs is constructed on PSCAD to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed strategy.Various factors such as noise,fault location,and DC arc equivalent resistance are considered in the simulation model for testing.Test results prove that the proposed strategy for fault restoration is effective,and features high performance and scalability.

Resilience of coastal bridges under extreme wave-induced loads

Records of wave-induced damage on coastal bridges during natural hazards have been well documented over the past two decades.It is of utmost importance to decipher the loading mechanism and enhance the resilience of coastal bridges during extreme wave-inducing events.Quantification of vulnerability of these structures is an essential step in designing a resilient bridge system.Recently,considerable efforts have been made to study the force applied and the response of coastal bridge systems during extreme wave loading conditions.Although remarkable progress can be found in the quantification of load and response of coastal superstructures,very few studies assessed coastal bridge resiliency against extreme wave-induced loads.This paper adopts a simplified and practical technique to analyze and assess the resilience of coastal bridges exposed to extreme waves.Component-level and system-level fragility analyses form the basis of the resiliency analysis where the recovery functions are adopted based on the damage levels.It is shown that wave period has the highest contribution to the variation of bridge resiliency.Moreover,this study presents the uncertainty quantification in resiliency variation due to changes in wave load intensity.Results show that the bridge resiliency becomes more uncertain as the intensity of wave parameters increases.Finally,possible restoration strategies based on the desired resilience level and the attitude of decision-makers are also discussed.