Does forest restoration influence soil infiltrability? A case study in the restored woodland of Sierra de ávila(Central Spain)

Infiltration,as a major component of the hydrological cycle,plays an important role in ecosystems,river flooding,and soil erosion.Therefore,this process has been studied on different soils,with different vegetation cover,and under different climate conditions.However,it is still necessary to know how infiltration rates depend on land degradation,vegetation cover,forest management,and forest restoration,since soil infiltration is related to soil hydrological function and hydrological ecosystem services.The aim of our study is to analyze the way reforestation and check dam construction have helped to improve soil infiltration rates in comparison with old,degraded land,different soils and vegetation covers in Central Spain.Therefore,three infiltration tests were carried out by means of a simple methacrylate infiltrometer ring,in four sampling plots,for five types of land use:(i) native holm oak forest,(ii) 60-year-old reforested pine wood,(iii) shrubs,(iv) sediment wedges of check dams,and(v) gullies and degraded hillslopes.Our results show much higher infiltration rates in the soil of 60-yearold pine reforestation sites(1198.00 mm·h^(-1)),and in the sediment wedges of check dams(1088.00 mm·h^(-1)),than in those of degraded hillslopes(365.00 mm·h^(-1)) and shrubland(420.80 mm·h^(-1)).The rates were also shown to be close to those from the remaining patches of native holm oak woodland(770.40 mm·h^(-1)).We also found that organic matter,humus and litter depth,and height of vegetation and cover,all improve soil infiltration rates,while slope degree,presence of coarse elements,stoniness,clay content,bulk density,and electric conductivity inhibit the rates.It was additionally seen that pine reforestation and check dam construction caused degraded land to recover its hydrological conditions to a level that is quite close to that of the ancient oak holm native forest,alongside ameliorating the hydrological cycle in the watershed.This information will be very useful for decisionmaking processes related to land restoration projects,forest management,and environmental policy.

Ecological effect of the plantation of Sabina vulgaris in the Mu Us Sandy Land,China

Vegetation restoration through artificial plantation is an effective method to combat desertification,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.This study aimed to explore the ecological effect of the plantation of Sabina vulgaris on soil physical and chemical properties on the southeastern fringe of the Mu Us Sandy Land,China.We collected soil samples from five depth layers(0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80,and 80-100 cm)in the S.vulgaris plantation plots across four plantation ages(4,7,10,and 16 years)in November 2019,and assessed soil physical(soil bulk density,soil porosity,and soil particle size)and chemical(soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),cation-exchange capacity(CEC),salinity,p H,and C/N ratio)properties.The results indicated that the soil predominantly consisted of sand particles(94.27%-99.67%),with the remainder being silt and clay.As plantation age increased,silt and very fine sand contents progressively rose.After 16 years of planting,there was a marked reduction in the mean soil particle size.The initial soil fertility was low and declined from 4 to 10 years of planting before witnessing an improvement.Significant positive correlations were observed for the clay,silt,and very fine sand(mean diameter of 0.000-0.100 mm)with SOC,AK,and p H.In contrast,fine sand and medium sand(mean diameter of 0.100-0.500 mm)showed significant negative correlations with these indicators.Our findings ascertain that the plantation of S.vulgaris requires 10 years to effectively act as a windbreak and contribute to sand fixation,and needs 16 years to improve soil physical and chemical properties.Importantly,these improvements were found to be highly beneficial for vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas.This research can offer valuable insights for the protection and restoration of the vegetation ecosystem in the sandy lands in China.

Conversion of cropland into agroforestry land versus naturally-restored grassland alters soil macro-faunal diversity and trophic structure in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China

Restoration of cropland(termed 'Farm') after abandonment including shrubs(termed 'Shrub'),trees(termed 'Tree') and natural grassland(termed 'Grass') has become a routine process aimed to improve land productivity and control desertification. During this restoration process, soil macro-faunal diversity, and trophic structure were investigated at four types of sites(Farm, Shrub, Tree, and Grass)during growing season in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China. Results indicated that the Staphylinidae family was found to dominate at the Grass, Shrub, and Tree sites, whiles larval Pyralidae individuals were found at the Grass site only. The density of the omnivores(i.e., Formicidae family) was significantly(P<0.05) greater at the Grass site than at the Tree and Farm sites. The total density and richness of predator and phytophages were found to be markedly(P<0.05) greater at the Grass site than at the Farm site. Meanwhile, we found the taxon richness of predators was significantly(P<0.05) higher at the Shrub site than at the Farm and Tree sites. Compared with the Farm and afforested Shrub/Tree sites,the Grass site had greater density, taxon richness, and Shannon index(P<0.05). In conclusion, natural restoration of abandoned croplands toward grassland was an effective strategy relative to artificial afforestation for improvement of soil biological diversity. Moreover, planting shrub is a preferable measure in abandoned croplands for land development in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China.

Effects of Artificial Vegetation Restoration on Soil Physicochemical Properties in Southern Edge of Mu Us Sandy Land

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the artificial vegetations on soil physicochemical properties of sandy land. [Method] The soil physicochemical proper- ties in five representative lands respectively covered by Artemisia ordosica, Salix cheilophila, Hedysarum scoparium, Populus simonii and Amorpha fruticosa, all of which were planted artificially at the same year were measured in the present study, using a bare soil as the control. [Result] Artificial vegetation improved the soil physicochemical properties by different extents in the lands covered by different plants. The soil physicochemical properties such as bulk density under A. Fruticosa and H. Scoparium were improved greatly. The frequency distribution of soil particle size under artificial vegetations exhibited a bimodal curve. The average soil particle size under A. fruticosa was the smallest, and the soil was very poorly sorted. The soil nutrients in the sandy land were not significantly improved by artificial vegeta- tion. [Conclusion] Artificial vegetation has a certain impact on soil properties in sandy land, as it greatly improves the soil physical properties but not the chemical properties.

Effects of Vegetation Restoration in Different Types on Soil Nutrients in Southern Edge of Mu Us Sandy Land

In order to explore effects of vegetation on nutrients in soils, nutrients characters of soils under natural grass, closed grass, abandoned lands, forest lands returned from farmlands and fixed sandy areas in Mu Us Desert were researched. The results indicated that vegetations in varied types have different effects on organic matter, total N, available N and available P, among which the first three were all higher in soils under closed grass, forest lands returned from farmlands, and fixed sandy lands than those under natural grass and abandoned lands. This was totally contrary with contents of available P in soil. In addition, nutrients in soils at 0-20 cm were more influenced by vegetation, than those at 20-60 cm, and Caragana Korshinskii proved better in improving nutrients in soils.

Application Research of Restoration Materials on Degraded Land

[Objective] The paper aimed at researching on the ecological remediation materials and related technologies in degraded land.[Method] Pointing at the specific reasons for degradation of soil moisture and fertility conditions,the ecological remediation materials and related technologies for soil moisture had been studied using layered silicates as substrate materials and using straw turnover as the method.The application research had been carried out in degraded cultivated land,compacted land,saline-alkali soil and laboratory of nine provinces and regions on 26 species and 48 varieties.[Result] The materials and related technologies are environment-friendly in formula,processing,application with no hidden trouble as secondary pollution,which can be used for the restoration of positive balance of soil moisture conditions（water,fertilizer,gas,and heat）,establishment of the core of a stable circle and improving food production steadily.The materials are more suitable for plant growth than chemical fertilizers,applying of which helps plants obtain better adversity resistance.[Conclusion] The ecological remediation materials for soil moisture can reduce the application of chemical fertilizers effectively and improve the production and quality of crops remarkably.

Comprehensive study on ecological restoration and land exploitation of mining subsidence in suburbs of Chinese mining cities

China has nearly a hundred mining cities derived from mining development.While mining development has brought about immense achievements in a city’s economic construction,it has also resulted in different levels of damage to the eco-environment of the mining city,leaving behind a lot of subsided wasteland and heavily confining the sustainable development and transformation there.How to restore and exploit the land and eco-environment disrupted by mining development in an effective way,therefore,has become a pressing challenge that Chinese mining cities are facing.In this paper,the planning and construction of Nanhu Eco-city in the suburb of Tangshan City is analyzed as an example.After characterizing the coal-mining subsided lands in Kailuan Tangshan Mine originated in different periods and under different geological mining conditions and evaluating their safety level,the authors try to demonstrate how eco-restoration and comprehensive land exploitation should be implemented by making the best use of available local resources to achieve "economy-society-environment" sustainability and coexistence in a mining city.

Effects of the vegetation restoration years on soil microbial community composition and biomass in degraded lands in Changting County,China

We evaluated the effects of the number of years of restoration of vegetation on soil microbial community structure and biomass in degraded ecosystems.We investigated the microbial community structure by analyzing their phospholipid fatty acids then examined microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen by chloroform fumigation extraction of restoration soils over several years.The data were compared with those of highly degraded lands and native vegetation sites.The results show that the duration of vegetation on the sites substantially increased microbial biomass and shifted the microbial community structure even after only 4 years.However,microbial communities and biomass did not recover to the status of native vegetation even after 35 years of vegetation cover.A redundancy analysis and Pearson correlation analysis indicated that soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,available potassium,soil water content,silt content and soil hardness explained 98.4%of total variability in the microbial community composition.Soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,available potassium and soil water content were positively correlated with microbial community structure and biomass,whereas,soil hardness and silt content were negatively related to microbial community structure and biomass.This study provides new insights into microbial community structure and biomass that influence organic carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation,and clay content in soils at different stages of restoration.

Impact of large-scale vegetation restoration project on summer land surface temperature on the Loess Plateau, China

A large-scale afforestation project has been carried out since 1999 in the Loess Plateau of China. However, vegetation-induced changes in land surface temperature (LST) through the changing land surface energy balance have not been well documented. Using satellite measurements, this study quantified the contribution of vegetation restoration to the changes in summer LST and analyzed the effects of different vegetation restoration patterns on LST during both daytime and nighttime. The results show that the average daytime LST decreased by 4.3°C in the vegetation restoration area while the average nighttime LST increased by 1.4°C. The contributions of the vegetation restoration project to the changes in daytime LST and nighttime LST are 58% and 60%, respectively, which are far greater than the impact of climate change. The vegetation restoration pattern of cropland (CR) converting into artificial forest (AF) has a cooling effect during daytime and a warming effect at nighttime, while the conversion of CR to grassland has an opposite effect compared with the conversion of CR to AF. Our results indicate that increasing evapotranspiration caused by the vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau is the controlling factor of daytime LST change, while the nighttime LST change is affected by soil humidity and air humidity.

Evaluation of Land Reclamation and Implications of Ecological Restoration for Agro-pastoral Ecotone: Case Study of Horqin Left Back Banner in China

The agro-pastoral ecotone has been recognized as the main distribution area of reserved land resource for cultivation. Accordingly, clarifying this assumption, as well as concerting land reclamation and ecological restoration, is important to ensure food security and environmental improvement in the agro-pastoral ecotone. We selected Horqin Left Back Banner(HLBB) as the subject of our case study. The landscape ecological security pattern of this area was determined using the minimum cumulative resistance model. Over-cultivation, quantity of reserved land resource for cultivation, and changes in landscape indexes before and after land use adjustment were then analyzed. Over-cultivation is a serious problem in the agro-pastoral ecotone. Reserved land resource for cultivation is less than that considered previously, and the area of reserved land resource for cultivation in HLBB only accounts for 11.50% of total uncultivated land. With regard to changes in landscape indexes, the adjusted land use pattern is effective for anti-desertification. The compensation standard for abandoned cultivated land should be improved and the comprehensive results of ‘Grain for Green' should be evaluated to further implement ecological restoration in the agro-pastoral ecotone.

Integrating potential distribution of dominant vegetation and land use into ecological restoration in the Yellow River Basin,China

Due to the influence of human activities such as cultivation and urban construction,the ecosystem of the Yellow River Basin(YRB)is subjected to increased vulnerability and even potential risk of destruction.Ecological restoration has led to an increase in vegetation,but excessive afforestation conversely results in low survival rate of trees,water shortages,and biodiversity loss.It is of great significance for achieving sustainable development of forests to reasonable revegetation in the region.At present,the potential distribution pattern of dominant species and their mixed forms in the basin has not been effectively studied.This study simulated the potential distribution of dominant vegetation in the YRB based on Maximum Entropy(Max Ent)and Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Prediction(GARP)and explored the impact of human interference on it by employing land use as the environmental filter to distinguish the regions of human activities.We further predicted the potential distribution of typically mixed forests and discussed their human interference.The main results are as follows:(1)Except for Caragana korshinskii,all models had good above performance(0.7<the mean AUC<1).Except for Caragana korshinskii,the area under the curve(AUC)for 90%of the models indicated that Max Ent performed better than GARP,and Max Ent easily lead to over-fitting while GARP predicted a wider range.(2)Except for Nitraria tangutorum,the dominant types of vegetation such as Pinus tabulaeformis,Platycladus orientalis,and Hippophae rhamnoides mainly distributed in southern Gansu,Shaanxi,and south-central Shanxi.Among them,the largest suitable area of Artemisia gmelinii and Stipa bungeana(High suitable area)were approximately 56.7×104 km2(38.8%)and 54.7×104 km2(28.5%)with the area occupied by large-scale cultivation being 17.5×104 km2(39.4%)and 18.9×104 km2(48%),respectively,which indicated human activities caused great damage to the core growth regions of these vegetation.(3)Mean temperature of coldest quarter or month mainly constrained the growth of most vegetation in the YRB in terms of temperature,while precipitation of wettest/driest month is one of the dominant factors.However,some vegetation responded differently to other meteorological factors due to niche differences.(4)Most of the mixed forests were distributed in southern Gansu,Shaanxi,and Shanxi provinces;its middle and high suitable areas were mainly concentrated in Shaanxi and southern and central Shanxi,where the cultivated land had occupied most of them.Therefore,the results showed that the restoration of herbaceous vegetation such as Artemisia gmelinii and Stipa bungeana has a high potential and it is appropriate that the measures for afforestation should be concentrated in the areas like the lower reaches of the Weihe,Jinghe,and Beiluo rivers and Luliang Mountain,where the cultivated land overlaps with the high suitable areas of the corresponding vegetation and the mixed forests with less water consumption and wide distribution,such as Caragana korshinskii-Hippophae rhamnoides,Pinus tabulaeformis-Quercus liaotungensis,and Ostryopsis davidiana-Stipa bungeana-Hippophae rhamnoides.The results of this study can provide effective guidance for mixed forest plantations and vegetation conservation in the YRB.

Effects of land use changes for ecological restoration on soil moisture on the Chinese Loess Plateau:a meta-analytical approach

Soil moisture is an important resource for plant growth on the arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau of China where the‘‘Grain for Green’’project was launched in 1999,but there has been no systematic evaluation of soil moisture from the effects of ecological restoration at a regional scale.We systematically assessed 63 published studies during 2000-2015,including 2050 observations at 68 sites on the Loess Plateau with the aim of determining soil moisture changes and the factors influencing those changes.We found that,after land use conversion,soil moisture decreased by 17%in the upper 100 cm soil layer and that tree plantations and shrub lands appeared to cause soil moisture depletion which became increasingly serious with soil depth.The decrease of soil moisture was significantly influenced by the planting species in all restoration types(tree plantations,shrub lands,and grasslands).We also found that tree plantations and grasslands converted from farmlands consumed more soil moisture than from wasteland(including bare land,abandoned land and wild grasslands).Artificial restoration led to significant soil moisture reduction,but natural restoration had little effect on soil moisture.Therefore,natural restoration should be an alternative restoration practice on the Loess Plateau.These results will provide helpful information for artificial afforestation and planning ecological restoration campaigns for policy makers on water-limited regions.

Studying the Ecological Benefits of <i>Spartina</i>Grass Species and Use of a Mathematical Model (Pick’s Theorem) for Historical Documentation and Future Restoration of Hypoxic Marshlands

Coastal erosion, subsidence, salt water intrusion, and hypoxia are forces that impact Louisiana and beyond. The objective of this research was to determine the extent of land loss due to erosion and establish the best Spartina (S.) species to ameliorate the coast. Using graph theory in the Geometer’s Sketch Pad program, progressive land loss from Isles Dernieres was determined from 1853 to 2005. This was accomplished using Pick’s Theorem (A = I + B/2 - 1), where A = total land area, I = interior intersections, and B = boundary intersections. The analysis indicated that there had been more than ninety percent land loss from 1853 to 2005. Additionally, four plants from each Spartina species (alterniflora, patens, and spartinae) were planted and flooded in four containers, respectively, filled with potting soil, and a non-vegetated control was included in this same manner. Dissolved oxygen was measured three times a week under three different temperature regimes, twenty-two, thirty, and ten degrees Celsius, respectively. This resulted in the control group diffusing the most oxygen at twenty-two degrees Celsius, the S. alterniflora diffusing the most oxygen at thirty degrees Celsius, and all the species diffusing statistically similar oxygen levels at ten degrees Celsius. After six months of flooded conditions, penetration and subsidence were measured. The vegetated soils required the greatest penetration forces and subsided the least. Oxygen diffusion is dependent on plant species and temperature. The penetration and subsidence results also support the conclusion that plants can reduce land loss and preserve the coastline.

Impacts of land disturbance and restoration on runoff production and sediment yield in the Chinese Loess Plateau

Land disturbance and land restoration are important factors influencing runoff production and sediment yield in the semi-arid loess regions of China. This study compared the runoff production and sediment yield during the early stage after land disturbance（ESLD） with those during restoring stage after land disturbance（RSLD）. Grey relational analysis was used to analyse the importance of each one of the influencing factors（vegetation, rainfall, soil and topography） in affecting the runoff production and sediment yield. Our results showed that during ESLD, topography was the most critical factor controlling the runoff production, while soil was the most important factor controlling the sediment yield. During RSLD, vegetation was more important in affecting runoff production, while rainfall was more important in affecting sediment yield. In additional, this study demonstrated that both the runoff production and the sediment yield can be effectively reduced by restoring vegetation on severely-disturbed lands, thus providing an important theoretical basis for better implementations of the Grain for Green Program. Our results revealed that the vegetation types of Hippophae rhamnoides＋Pinus tabulaeformis and H. rhamnoides are better plant selections for land restoration in this area, especially for relatively gentle slopes（i.e., less than 20 degrees）.

Restoration and Conservation of Deteriorated Arid Land by a Native Thorny Shrub Lycium shawii

Land degradation is of great concern in the desert environment of Kuwait, as it has a negative impact on the natural resources. In response to this situation, Kuwait conserves their natural environment by setting aside areas of significant natural ecosystem, such as wild life center at the Liyah area. The area suffered during the past four decades from severe environmental pressures due to the excessive exploitation of natural resources of sand and gravel as well as overgrazing and military activities. Re-vegetation and restoration programs were applied in the degraded areas in Liyah in December 2003. A large variety of native plants were used for the restoration, however, in this research, only one native perennial drought resistant plant Lycium shawii （Awsaj） was highlighted. Tissue cultured thorny shrub planted at experimental site showed high adaptation on gravel hill side with harsh field condition. Their survival rate was 100% under drip irrigation only 10% was the mortality rate due to improper fixation of irrigation system. The average length of the main stem and the number of branches gradually increased by year from 42 cm with three branches in 2011 to 170 cm with seven branches in 2014. Since Lycium shrubs have the ability to grow in severely degraded areas, with extreme condition of prolonged drought, high temperature and poor nutrient soil as well as their ability to form nabkha, it is considered to be most suitable shrub used for rehabilitation program at Liyah area.

LAND RESTORATION IN CHINA

China has a land area of 9.6 million km2, 65% of the total land area of the world. Only 14.2% is cultivated at present, 0.5% is under fruit trees, 34.8% is in grazing. 17.2% is under forests, 2.6% is used for industry, communication and urban purposes, and 3.5% is covered by water. Of the remaining 27.2%, much is high and barren desert, or under permanent snowfields, or not yet used, or unable to be used with available technologies. Land resources have not been properly developed in some parts of China, owing to the pressure from population growth and other socioeconomic problems. For China as a whole, land restoration has made great progress. One solution is to increase the crop land area through reclamation.

Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Changes and Evaluation of Natural Generation and Potential Restoration Areas in the Mexican Huasteca Region

This study aims to analyze temporal changes in land use and land cover change (LUCC) as well as identify areas for natural regeneration and potential areas for forest restoration in the Huasteca region for the period from 1976 to 2007. Changes were quantified in numbers and, additionally, cartography was used to identify and map the main affected areas. Different models based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) demonstrated that LUCC have occurred on an area of 11718.82 km2, representing 17.84% of the region’s surface. Agriculture and the growth of pasture could be identified as the main human-induced activities that have led to landscape modification. In addition, forest cover is affected by a deforestation rate which is higher than the national average. Further important changes include a change from natural land cover to non-original land cover, affecting an area of 4911.88 km2 in the period from 1976-1993, and an area of 1892.5 km2 in the period from 1993-2002. Smaller changes could be observed for the period from 1993-2002 with an affected area of 1029.78 km2. At the same time, a natural regeneration from nonoriginal to original land cover took place from 1976-1993 on an area of 1318.68 km2, and also on an area of 974.18 km2 between 1993 an 2002. The surface that underwent a natural regeneration of forest cover made up 1932.07 km2. At the same time, an area of 5739.29 km2 for potential forest restoration was identified. Drawing on GIS methods and techniques, the development of thematic maps for land use, land use and land cover changes for the years of analysis (1976-1993-2002-2007) proved to be very adequate for the evaluation and analysis of the land cover and land use change, in particular with regard to the decrease of natural vegetation cover.

Effects of restoration modes on the spatial distribution of soil physical properties after land consolidation: a multifractal analysis

Soil physical properties(SPP)are considered to be important indices that reflect soil structure,hydrological conditions and soil quality.It is of substantial interest to study the spatial distribution of SPP owing to the high spatial variability caused by land consolidation under various land restoration modes in excavated farmland in the loess hilly area of China.In our study,three land restoration modes were selected including natural restoration land(NR),alfalfa land(AL)and maize land(ML).Soil texture composition,including the contents of clay,silt and sand,field capacity(FC),saturated conductivity(Ks)and bulk density(BD)were determined using a multifractal analysis.SPP were found to possess variable characteristics,although land consolidation destroyed the soil structure and decreased the spatial autocorrelation.Furthermore,SPP varied with land restoration and could be illustrated by the multifractal parameters of D1,ΔD,ΔαandΔf in different modes of land restoration.Owing to multiple compaction from large machinery in the surface soil,soil particles were fine-grained and increased the spatial variability in soil texture composition under all the land restoration modes.Plough numbers and vegetative root characteristics had the most significant impacts on the improvement in SPP,which resulted in the best spatial distribution characteristics of SPP found in ML compared with those in AL and NR.In addition,compared with ML,Δαvalues of NR and AL were 4.9-and 3.0-fold that of FC,respectively,andΔαvalues of NR and AL were 2.3-and 1.5-fold higher than those of Ks,respectively.These results indicate that SPP can be rapidly improved by increasing plough numbers and planting vegetation types after land consolidation.Thus,we conclude that ML is an optimal land restoration mode that results in favorable conditions to rapidly improve SPP.

Evaluation of natural forest regeneration as a part of land restoration in the Khentii massif,Mongolia

Forest stands in the semi-arid environment of northern Mongolia have an essential role in controlling ongoing desertification in the surrounding landscape.Over the last decade,the total forest area has decreased dramatically.The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of natural regeneration as an essential element for ensuring sustainability of these forests.Based on field measurements from 120 plots in six sites,our assessment tool revealed five qualitative categories of forest regeneration,allowing us to assess impacts of both grazing and environmental conditions on the regeneration process.Grazing is a crucial factor and adversely affects regeneration.For sites with relatively low grazing intensity,low soil moisture levels represent the main reason for reduced regeneration.The approach to classification proposed in this study allows for the identification and interpretation of stand conditions where natural regeneration has failed.This study provides an important foundation to inform decisionmaking related to land protection and restoration actions.Our findings could be used in comparative studies and,importantly,may aid further mapping of Mongolian forests.

2023年土地科学研究重点进展评述及2024年展望——土地工程与信息技术分报告

研究目的:归纳分析2023年国内外土地工程与信息技术领域的研究进展,展望研究趋势。研究方法:文献分析法。研究结果:国内研究主要集中在土地综合开发模式与运行机制、全域土地综合整治的潜力机制及路径、碳中和背景下的土地复垦与生态修复、土壤—植物—微生物模式下的复垦土壤重构、国土空间生态修复差异化分区与格局构建、土地信息智能化监测技术与信息提取方法、数字化国土空间规划技术、基于GIS的土地管理技术。国外研究主要集中在农业用地土地整理模式、基于土壤改良的矿区土地复垦、土壤—植物—微生物协同修复作用机制、基于社会经济和生态指标的生态修复、土地信息监测与预测技术、基于人工智能的土地规划技术、土地管理系统优化技术。研究结论:2023年土地工程与信息技术在全域土地综合整治、土地复垦与土壤重构、国土空间生态修复、土地信息监测与管理技术等方面取得了一定进展。结合当前科技需求,2024年及未来重点关注山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理、全域土地综合整治和国土空间生态保护修复、碳中和目标下的矿区土地复垦、乡村振兴背景下的土地集约利用和低效用地治理、土地信息可视化技术和土地信息智能化处理技术。