EXPRESSION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF TUMOR INFILTRATING DENDRITIC CELLS IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

Objective: To study the expression of dendritic cells in human renal cell carcinoma and explore the cause, so to reveal the mechanism of escaping immune surveillance in RCC. Methods: The expressions of CD83+DCS, CD1a+DCS,VEGF and TGF-β1 in tumoral, peritumoral and normal kidney tissues of RCC in 30 cases were detected by immunohistochemistry using streptavidin/peroxidese(SP) Results: CD83+DCS were mainly located in the peritumoral areas; whereas CD1a+DCS、were mainly retained within the cancer nests. The number of CD83+DCS was inversely correlated with the clinical stage(P<0.05); but there were no significant correlations between the number of CD1a+DCS、and the clinical stage(P>0.05). The expressions of CD83+DCS and CD1a+DCS have significant difference between the tumoral, peritumoral and normal kidney tissues(P<0.001). The expression of VEGF and TGF-β1 were significantly lower in samples with highly infiltrating CD83+DCS(P<0.05); Whereas CD1a+DCS were not (P>0.05). Conclusion: DC has the tendency to gathering in tumor, but because of the immunosuppressive cytokins, for example VEGF and TGF-β1, inhibits the maturation of DC, there are less mature TIDCS(CD83+TIDCS) in the tumoral tissues, they are mainly located in the peritumoral areas. This may contribute to the mechanism of escaping immune surveillance in RCC.

Modified technique for volumetric brain tumor measurements

Quantitative measurements of tumor response rate in three dimensions (3D) become more re-alistic with the use of advanced technology im-aging during therapy, especially when the tumor morphological changes remain subtle, irregular and difficult to assess by clinical examination. These quantitative measurements depend strongly on the accuracy of the segmentations methods used. Improvements on such methods yield to increase the accuracy of the segmentation process. Recently, the essential modification in the Traditional Region Growing (T-RG) method has been developed and a “Modified Region Growing Method” (MRGM) has been presented and gives more accurate boundary detection and holes filling after segmentation. In this pa-per, the new automatic calculation of the volu-metric size of brain tumor has been imple-mented based on Modified Region Growing Method. A comparative study and statistical analysis performed in this work show that the modified method gives more accurate and better performance for 3D volume measurements. The method was tested by 7 fully investigated pa-tients of different tumor type and shape, and better accurate results were reported using MRGM.

Ovarian growing teratoma syndrome with multiple metastases in the abdominal cavity and liver:A case report

BACKGROUND Growing teratoma syndrome(GTS)is an unusual presentation of an amazing transformation of teratoma from malignant to benign on pathology during or after systemic or intraperitoneal chemotherapy.The definitive pathogenesis is still not fully understood due to the lack of large-sample studies.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old woman underwent radical surgery and postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy due to immature teratoma of the right ovary at the age of 28.She remained well during a 25-year follow-up period after surgery.Multiple asymptomatic solid masses were found in the liver on ultrasonography a month ago.Enhanced computed tomography(CT)of the abdomen revealed multiple masses in the abdominal cavity.The largest one was located in the posterior peritoneum next to the sixth segment of the right liver,about 7.9 cm×7.5 cm in size.Three masses were present inside the liver,and one mass was in the right pelvic floor.Multiple lumps in the abdominal cavity were completely removed by surgery.During the operation,multiple space-occupying lesions were seen,ranging in size from 0.5 to 3 cm,and grayish white in color and hard in texture.Ovarian GTS was finally diagnosed based on postoperative pathology.After surgery,she recovered uneventfully.During a 3-year follow-up,the patient remained free of the disease without any recurrence on CT scan.CONCLUSION GTS is a rare phenomenon characterized by conversion of immature teratoma to mature one during or after chemotherapy and presents as growing and metastasizing masses.The pathogenesis of GTS is unclear,and the prognosis is good after surgical resection.

氟尿嘧啶缓释制剂对人结直肠癌裸鼠皮下种植瘤生长及Survivin／Caspase-3的影响

目的:探讨氟尿嘧啶缓释制剂对人结直肠癌裸鼠皮下种植瘤生长的影响及引起肿瘤凋亡的机制。方法:分别由PBS对照组、5-FU注射液组、氟尿嘧啶缓释剂组,干预人结直肠癌裸鼠皮下种植瘤,记录瘤体大小,计算抑瘤率,化学发光法检测各组裸鼠血清中CEA含量,半定量RT-PCR法检测各组裸鼠瘤体中Survivin/Caspase-3表达的水平。结果:氟尿嘧啶缓释制剂能够明显地抑制裸鼠皮下种植瘤的生长,并能相应地减低裸鼠血清中CEA,能够最为明显的减低的Survivin表达,提高Caspase-3的表达。结论:氟尿嘧啶缓释剂通过抑制Survivin表达及上调Caspase-3的表达,来介导肿瘤细胞的凋亡,抑制瘤体增长并相应的减低裸鼠体内CEA的含量。

“煨脓长肉”理论的中药热奄包对肛瘘术后创面的疗效及作用机制研究

目的:探讨“煨脓长肉”理论的中药热奄包紫竭散对肛瘘术后创面愈合的疗效及作用机制。方法:选取2021年4月至2022年4月西安市中医医院收治的湿热下注型低位单纯性肛瘘患者88例作为研究对象,按照简单随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组44例,术后2组接受常规创面护理,对照组联合凡士林纱条填塞,观察组联合凡士林纱条与紫竭散热奄包填塞,对比分析2组的临床疗效及不同时间段白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达情况,并且评价观察组治疗方案的安全性。结果:2组患者的临床治愈率均为100%;在创面愈合时间方面,观察组更优(P<0.01);在创面情况(肉芽组织的生长、分泌物、疼痛、创面愈合率)方面,2组比较,第3天差异不明显(P>0.05),第7、14天观察组疗效更优(均P<0.05);2组炎症介质的表达均呈明显下降趋势,生长因子VEGF明显升高,且观察组疗效更佳,其中术后第7、14天所有因子差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。观察组用药前后未见明显皮肤过敏反应。结论:“煨脓长肉”的中药热奄包紫竭散对肛瘘术后创面愈合具有促进作用,可有效促进肉芽组织的生长,缩短愈合时间,可能与抑制炎症介质IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的释放并促进VEGF表达有关。

肿瘤抑制基因Maspin的研究进展

Maspin基因是一种肿瘤抑制基因,在细胞的迁徙、运动和增殖中起重要作用,并能抑制肿瘤的发生和发展。本研究通过对Maspin基因的结构特点、在肿瘤方面的研究现状及临床应用作一综述,为恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供一种新的有效的途径。

Image Processing Tool Promoting Decision-Making in Liver Surgery of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Preoperative assessment of the liver volume and function of the remnant liver is a mandatory prerequisite before performing major hepatectomy. The aim of this work is to develop and test a software application for evaluation of the residual function of the liver prior to the intervention of the surgeons. For this purpose, a complete software platform consisting of three basic modules: liver volume segmentation, visualization, and virtual cutting, was developed and tested. Liver volume segmentation is based on a patient examination with non-contrast abdominal Computed Tomography (CT). The basis of the segmentation is a multiple seeded region growing algorithm adapted for use with CT images without contrast-enhancement. Virtual tumor resection is performed interactively by outlining the liver region on the CT images. The software application then processes the results to produce a three-dimensional (3D) image of the “resected” region. Finally, 3D rendering module provides possibility for easy and fast interpretation of the segmentation results. The visual outputs are accompanied with quantitative measures that further provide estimation of the residual liver function and based on them the surgeons could make a better decision. The developed system was tested and verified with twenty abdominal CT patient sets consisting of different numbers of tomographic images. Volumes, obtained by manual tracing of two surgeon experts, showed a mean relative difference of 4.5%. The application was used in a study that demonstrates the need and the added value of such a tool in practice and in education.

从象思维探讨“半夏-夏枯草”药对在恶性肿瘤治疗中的应用

中药象思维融合传统文化哲学与中医药学,构成中医药理论独立的思维方式。阴阳失衡是癌毒产生的基本病机和先决条件,与肿瘤“体阴性阳”、病态“阳生阴长”密切相关,并最终导致机体“阴阳隔绝”。半夏夏至而生,夏枯草夏至而枯,两味药生长于天地阴阳交接之时,得天地阴阳之道,阴阳互补配合,暗合阴阳转化,契合阴阳调衡之意。从象思维的视角,探讨半夏、夏枯草在恶性肿瘤尤其是伴有肿瘤相关性睡眠障碍患者中的应用,以期为临床实践提供参考。

Reversing epigenetic repression of transposable elements for improving tumor immunogenicity

In a recent study published in Nature,Zhang et al.[1]revealed a new epigenetic mechanism for restraining tumor intrinsic immunogenicity:Lysine demethylase 5B(KDM5B)recruits SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1(SETDB1)to repress the transcription of transposable elements(TEs)by H3K9me3 modifica-tion,while TE de-repression by targeting KDM5B conse-quently activated nucleic acid sensing pathways and anti-gen presentation to elicit tumor intrinsic immunity which enhanced host anti-tumor immune response.

基于动态自适应区域生长的肝脏CT图像肿瘤分割算法

为提取人体肝脏CT图像中的肿瘤区域,提出一种基于动态自适应区域生长的算法进行肿瘤分割.通过自适应区域生长算法对CT图像进行预分割,得到感兴趣区域(region of interest,ROI),利用数学形态学滤波填充ROI中的空洞区域,最终提取肿瘤区域.通过对多组病人的CT图像进行实验,结果显示该算法对肝脏肿瘤的分割效果良好.

消化系统恶性肿瘤患者血清TSGF检测的临床意义

[目的]探讨肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)在消化系统恶性肿瘤诊断上的价值及其临床意义。[方法]使用TSGF检测试剂盒,用生化比色定量法测定血清中TSGF的含量。[结果]339例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者血清TSGF的含量(71.03±11.24)u/mL显著高于正常对照组血清TSGF的含量(59.75±4.45)u/mL(P<0.01),阳性检出率达78.47%。另外,在42例进行化疗的患者中,15例有效者化疗后血清TSGF的含量(62.64±6.05)u/mL较化疗前(82.26±4.57)u/mL明显下降(P<0.01),6例化疗无效者化疗后血清TSGF的含量(86.51±5.82)u/mL显著高于化疗前(65.76±5.92)u/mL(P<0.01)。[结论]TSGF是一种新的、敏感性高的肿瘤标志物,对于消化系统恶性肿瘤的诊断、评价疗效和判断预后均有临床意义。

蛴螬提取物抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的探讨蛴螬提取物抗肿瘤作用及其作用机制。方法采用寇氏（Korbor）法计算小鼠急性经口LD50及其95％可信限；用蛴螬提取物灌胃观察其对S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用，并采用比色法测定S180荷瘤小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果①蛴螬提取物的小鼠急性经口LD50及其95％可信限为48．73（46．43—51，14）g／kg；②蛴螬提取物小、中、大剂量组对小鼠移植性肉瘤S180实体瘤的抑瘤率分别为18．64％、39．47％、53．24％；③经过蛴螬提取物治疗后，荷瘤小鼠血清MDA较模型组明显下降，而SOD活性则显著增加（P〈0．01）。结论蛴螬提取物属低毒中药，具有抗氧化作用，可能是其抗肿瘤机制之一；蛴螬提取物在体内具有抑制小鼠移植性S180肉瘤生长的作用。

兔肝癌改良接种模型的生长特性研究

目的通过改良接种方式建立兔肝癌模型,分析并观察该肿瘤的生长特性。方法经肝包膜植入瘤组织块(约106～108个瘤细胞)接种于20只兔的肝左叶,建立兔肝癌模型。观察:①肿瘤在实验兔中生长7、10、14、17和21d时的体积(B超测),并计算肿瘤生长率。②大体及光镜下观察瘤组织形态特征。结果瘤体呈指数性生长,在接种17d后生长迅速。组织病理表明该瘤在肝组织中浸润式生长,肿瘤体积增长快于直径增长,其性状与VX2鳞状细胞癌特征相似。结论瘤块种植是建立兔肝癌模型的首选方式,该模型是肝癌的基础及临床的理想动物模型。

多尺度区域增长的肿瘤区域分割方法

数字化的医学图像在早期临床诊断中具有重要的意义。肿瘤形状分析是区分良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤的重要方法之一。对乳腺肿瘤检测的最终结果很大程度上依赖于对肿瘤区域的分割。为了对肿瘤区域进行特征的提取和识别,首先需要把待处理的肿瘤区域从背景中分离出来。论文使用多尺度区域增长的图像分割技术实现肿瘤分割及肿瘤边缘的准确定位,该方法具有精度高、鲁棒性强等优点。实验结果表明,效果非常理想。

AFP、GP73及TSGF联合检测对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的评价肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白(AFP)、高尔基体糖蛋白73(GP73)、肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)对原发性肝癌(PHC)的诊断价值及联合检测的意义。方法分别检测90例PHC患者(PHC组)、52例肝癌转移患者(肝癌转移)、41例良性肝病患者(良性肝病组)和55例体检健康者(健康对照组)血清AFP、GP73和TSGF水平,分析AFP、GP73、TSGF联合检测对PHC的诊断价值。结果 PHC组血清AFP、GP73、TSGF水平均高于良性肝病组及健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单独检测AFP、GP73和TSGF诊断PHC的特异度分别为79.7%、71.6%和83.1%,灵敏度分别为57.8%、74.4%、65.6%;三者联合检测可提高诊断PHC的灵敏度(96.6%),但特异度(68.9%)有所下降。联合检测AFP、GP73、TSGF可提高AFP阴性或低浓度PHC患者的早期诊断率。结论联合检测AFP、GP73和TSGF作为诊断PHC的重要指标,可显著提高PHC的早期诊断率。

抗癌方对裸鼠移植性人肝癌细胞形态学及P21^(Waf1/Cip1)蛋白表达的影响

为了探索中药抗癌方的疗效机理 ,采用裸鼠移植性人肝癌细胞 ,分中药组 ( TCM)、环磷酰胺 ( CTX)组和空模组对照治疗试验 .结果发现 :中药组中癌细胞的形态改变以凋亡为主 ,而 CTX组中癌细胞的形态改变主要为坏死 .在可疑凋亡细胞处 ,光镜常见 P2 1 Waf1/ Cip1表达 .其疗效机理与诱导 Hep G2 凋亡 ,提高 P2 1 Waf1/ Cip1蛋白表达有关 .

400例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者血清TSGF检测的临床分析

目的探讨肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)在消化系统恶性肿瘤诊断上的价值及其临床意义。方法用生化比色定量法及TSGF检测试剂盒测定血清中TSGF的含量。结果400例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者血清TS-GF的含量(71.37±11.24 u/ml)显著高于正常对照组血清TSGF的含量(59.75±4.45 u/ml)(P<0.01),阳性检出率达79.80%。另外,在60例进行化疗的患者中,18例有效者化疗后血清TSGF的含量(61.28±6.05 u/ml)较化疗前(83.01±4.57 u/ml)明显下降(P<0.01),6例化疗无效者化疗后血清TSGF的含量(86.51±5.82 u/ml)显著高于化疗前(65.76±5.92 u/ml)(P<0.01)。结论TSGF是一种新的、敏感性高的肿瘤标志物,对于消化系统恶性肿瘤的诊断、评价疗效和判断预后,均有临床意义。

红色诺卡氏菌对S180的抑瘤效应研究

本文研究红色诺卡氏菌菌体对小鼠S180A的抑瘤活性。皮下注射给药，剂量分别为0．2、2、4、8、16mg／只，进行抑瘤试验。结果表明红色诺卡氏菌菌体具有明显的抑瘤活性，其抑瘤适宜量为8mg／只，抑癌率达90％以上。

五叶草莓煎液对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能及抑瘤率的影响

目的:探讨五叶草莓对肿瘤的抑制作用及机制。方法:选择小鼠皮下接种S180瘤株及腹水S180瘤为模型,观察不同剂量五叶草莓对肿瘤的抑瘤率、小鼠生存期、血清IL-2的影响。结果:五叶草莓组小鼠抑瘤率、生存期、IL-2水平明显高于空白组。结论:五叶草莓煎液能有效的抑制S180肿瘤生长,延长荷瘤小鼠存活期。

肿节风与氟尿嘧啶联合应用的抗肿瘤作用

目的:研究肿节风注射液与氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)联合应用对小鼠移植性肝癌H22实体瘤生长的抑制作用。方法:建立小鼠H22实体瘤模型。小鼠60只,随机分为6组:正常对照组、肿节风注射液小剂量组(1.5g/kg,ip)、大剂量组(3g/kg,ip)、5-Fu组联合用药组。小鼠接种24h后开始给药,每天1次,连续10d。观察各组小鼠移植瘤生长情况及体重变化。并考察给药后胸腺、脾脏指数、外周血象的变化。结果:肿节风注射液小剂量组抑瘤率为26.84%,肿节风注射液大剂量组抑瘤率为44.74%,5-Fu组抑瘤率30.77%,联合用药组抑瘤率分别为58.39%与65.16%,与正常对照组比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.01);联合用药组抑瘤率高于单用肿节风注射液组和5-Fu组(P<0.01)。且联合用药对胸腺、脾脏指数、外周血象无明显影响。结论:肿节风注射液和5-Fu联用对小鼠移植性肝癌H22实体瘤有协同抗肿瘤作用,并能减轻5-Fu的毒副作用。