Restraints and Countermeasures for the Sustainable Development of China's Modern Flower Arrangement Art

Factors that influence the development of China's modern flower arrangement art are analyzed in this study,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for the future development.

Vibration Characteristics and Power Transmission of Coupled Rectangular Plates with Elastic Coupling Edge and Boundary Restraints

Coupled-plate structures are widely used in the practical engineering such as aeronautical,civil and naval engineering etc.Limited works can be found on the vibration of the coupled-plate structure due to the increased mathematical complexity compared with the single plate structure.In order to study analytically the vibration characteristics and power transmission of the coupled-plate structure,an analytical model consisting of three coupled plates elastically restrained along boundary edges and elastically coupled with arbitrary angle is considered,in which four groups of springs are distributed consistently along each edge of the model to simulate the transverse shearing forces,bending moments,in-plane longitudinal forces and in-plane shearing forces separately.With elastic coupling condition and general boundary condition of both flexural and in-plane vibrations taken into account by setting the stiffness of corresponding springs,the double Fourier series solution to the dynamic response of the structure was obtained by employing the Rayleigh-Ritz method.In order to validate the model,the natural frequency and velocity response of the model are firstly checked against results published in literatures and the ANSYS data,and good agreement was observed.Then,numerical simulation of the effects of several relevant parameters on the vibration characteristics and power transmission of the coupled structure were performed,including boundary conditions,coupling conditions,coupling angle,and location of the external forces.Vibration and energy transmission behaviors were analyzed numerically.The results show that the power transmission can be significantly influenced by the boundary restraints and the location of excitation.When the excitation is located at the central symmetry point of the model,the energy flow shows a symmetrical distribution.Once the location deviates from the central symmetry point,the power circumfluence occurs and the vortex energy field is formed at high frequency.

The US Enhancing Ties with Sri Lanka: Motivations and Restraints

The rapid growth in US-Sri Lanka relations is the latest attempt by the US to implement its Indo-Pacific strategy in South Asia. As the strategy materializes, the intensified US involvement in the region will bring new variables to the security situation in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean.

The effects of ethical dilemmas regarding the use of physical restraints in eldercare on female nurses who care for their relatives in Japan

Purpose: This study sought to clarify the relationship between a nurse’s exposure to elderly relatives and their perspective in using restraints on the elderly in health care situations. Methods: We approached nursing staff supervisors at 17 general hospital wards and explained the objectives of the study. Supervisors at 14 hospitals agreed to participate, giving us a sampling pool of 1929 nurses. We used a chi square test to compare nurses who had spent time with elderly relatives and those who had not on several variables related to using restraints on elderly patients. Results and Conclusion: This study found that nurses who live with elderly family members were significantly more likely to believe that restraints cause diseases (including chronic diseases) based on a chi square test (p < 0.05). Therefore it would be important that essential was the experiences of individuals with elderly family members when making programs of decreasing nurse’s dilemma to restraining the elderly.

Development of ethical dilemma scale Japanese nurse faced physical restraints to elderly patients with dementia

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an ethical dilemma scale for nurses faced with the use of physical restraint when caring for elderly patients with dementia. Methods: We used a previously established 20-item dilemma scale. The objective and method of the study were explained to the head of nursing at 17 selected hospitals, and 121 nurses working in the general wards of 14 hospitals (excluding emergency department wards of psychiatry, pediatrics, obstetrics, outpatients, operating rooms and intensive care units) who agreed to participate were enrolled in 2000. Seventy-six nurses from one of the hospitals were selected after eight years (2008) to provide a comparison. Ethical considerations: The study was conducted with the approval of the ethics committee at Meiji University of Integrative Medicine. Results and discussion: Four factors were compared between 2000 and 2008: “execution of treatment and security”, “characteristic features in nursing of elderly patients with dementia”, “cooperative relationship in nursing”, and “priorities in nursing”. The cumulative contribution ratio was 65.3% (KMO = 0.77, p = 0.000) in 2000 and 72.5% (KMO = 0.78, p = 0.000) in 2008. Therefore, the scale dilemma nurse faced physical restraints to elderly patients with dementia in Japan was developed 4 facoters from 17-delremmas items of 20 items.

Physical restraints:An ethical dilemma in mental health services in China

Given that physical restraints cause adverse effects to patients and nurses,their wide and frequent use has resulted in various clinical and ethical controversies in mental health services.The rate of physical restraints is significantly higher in China than in other countries.Some western and domestic media blamed relevant institutions for compromising the basic rights of psychiatric patients.Therefore,this study aims to collect and synthesize the relevant ethical evidence and to provide corresponding guidance for the nursing practice based on the current situation of the mainland of China.This study synthesized the ethical issue according to the ethical principle of autonomy,justice,beneficence,and nonmaleficence.Given the current situation where the nursing workforce is limited and the mental health service is under-developed in China,applying physical restraints in the psychiatric inpatients to guarantee the safety of patients and nurses is crucial.In regard to respect the basic rights of psychiatric patients,it is recommended to protect the their autonomy,and eliminate the adverse effects of physical restraint.This goal would be achieved by ensuring the informed consent,providing humane care,and regulating the implementation of physical restraints.

Flutter analysis of rotating beams with elastic restraints

The aeroelastic stability of rotating beams with elastic restraints is investigated.The coupled bending-torsional Euler-Bernoulli beam and Timoshenko beam models are adopted for the structural modeling.The Greenberg aerodynamic model is used to describe the unsteady aerodynamic forces.The additional centrifugal stiffness effect and elastic boundary conditions are considered in the form of potential energy.A modified Fourier series method is used to assume the displacement field function and solve the governing equation.The convergence and accuracy of the method are verified by comparison of numerical results.Then,the flutter analysis of the rotating beam structure is carried out,and the critical rotational velocity of the flutter is predicted.The results show that the elastic boundary reduces the critical flutter velocity of the rotating beam,and the elastic range of torsional spring is larger than the elastic range of linear spring.

Ethical Dilemma Factor in Regarding Physical Restraints to Elderly of Female Nurses with the Living Together Experience

Purpose: The aim of this study was to illuminate the connotation of “dilemma” regarding the use of physical restraint on elderly patients as represented by female nurses working in general wards at community hospitals who also live with elderly adults at home. Method: The study used the questionnaire method with an independently prepared questionnaire. Participants: The objective of the study was explained to the persons in charge of nursing in the selected 17 hospitals, and 1929. Finally, this study of participants were 524 female nurses working in general 54 wards (excluding the emergency wards of psychiatry, pediatrics, obstetrics, outpatients, operating rooms, and intensive care units) at community hospitals who also live with elderly adults at home. Results and conclusions: Cronbach’s overall coefficient for the 20 items of dilemma was high (0.78) and the factor analysis extracted four dilemma factors as having a characteristic value of 1 (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure value = 0.81) with a cumulative contribution ratio of 64.5%. The high Cronbach’s for these items (0.86, 0.88, 0.87 and 0.81) confirmed the internal consistencies. With respect to the dilemma where nurses working in general wards at community hospitals who also live with elderly adults at home are faced with the physical restraint of elderly persons, four factors in the clarification of the dilemma were extracted: accomplishment of medical-treatment and accident prevention, characteristic features in nursing for elderly patients with dementia, healthcare professional relationship in nursing for elderly patients with dementia, and priorities on the accident prevention for elderly patients with dementia. Therefore, the construction of four systems to cope with these dilemmas is suggested. These systems would enable practising nurses to: (i) institution of policies to encourage discussion between nurses and other medical staff to reach consensus on treatment;(ii) allocating elderly care specialists to wards to promote alternatives to restraints;(iii) establishment of safety standards to define nurses’ responsibilities;and (iv) institution of continuous ethical education for nurses.

Protein–protein docking with interface residue restraints

The prediction of protein–protein complex structures is crucial for fundamental understanding of celluar processes and drug design. Despite significant progresses in the field, the accuracy of ab initio docking without using any experimental restraints remains relatively low. With the rapid advancement of structural biology, more and more information about binding can be derived from experimental data such as NMR experiments or chemical cross-linking. In addition, information about the residue contacts between proteins may also be derived from their sequences by using evolutionary analysis or deep learning. Here, we propose an efficient approach to incorporate interface residue restraints into protein–protein docking, which is named as HDOCKsite. Extensive evaluations on the protein–protein docking benchmark 4.0 showed that HDOCKsite significantly improved the docking performance and obtained a much higher success rate in binding mode predictions than original ab initio docking.

Thermal buckling and postbuckling of FGM circular plates with in-plane elastic restraints

Based on von Karman＇s plate theory, the axisymmetric thermal buckling and post-buckling of the functionally graded material （FGM） circular plates with in- plane elastic restraints under transversely non-uniform temperature rise are studied. The properties of the FGM media are varied through the thickness based on a simple power law. The governing equations are numerically solved by a shooting method. The results of the critical buckling temperature, post-buckling equilibrium paths, and configurations for the in-plane elastically restrained plates are presented. The effects of the in-plane elastic restraints, material property gradient, and temperature variation on the responses of thermal buckling and post-buckling are examined in detail.

Improving ICU Nurses’ Practices of Physical Restraints in Jordan: Effect of an Educational Program

Background: Physical Restraint (PR) has been widely used in the intensive care units, which aims to protect patients and maintain their safety. With all benefits of PR, there are many complications and risks from improper utilization. Further, no Jordanian studies have found to educate nurses regarding the proper PR utilization. Purpose: To evaluate the impact of an educational program on nurses’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding PR use in ICUs. Methods: A pre-experiment with one-group pretest-posttest design was used among 40 ICU nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate nurses before the education program and two weeks after its completion. Results: After implementation of the program, nurses demonstrated a significant difference in knowledge scores between pretest (M = 10.35 ± 1.73) and posttest (M = 13.30 ± 1.47) (t = 9.92;df = 39;P = 0.000), attitudes scores (M = 27.90 ± 2.79 vs. M = 30.40 ± 2.32) (t = 4.61;df = 39;P = 0.000), and practice scores (M = 36.85 ± 1.98 vs. M = 40.52 ± 1.60) (t = 11.59;df = 39;P = 0.000). Conclusion: Service-education program can improve ICU nurses’ knowledge, and enhance their attitudes and practices towards physical restraint. Such improvement is expected to be reflected in improving the quality of care delivered to the patients, and decreasing complications of malpractice regarding physical restraint.

Dip2a regulates stress susceptibility in the basolateral amygdala

Dysregulation of neurotransmitter metabolism in the central nervous system contributes to mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post–traumatic stress disorder. Monoamines and amino acids are important types of neurotransmitters. Our previous results have shown that disco-interacting protein 2 homolog A(Dip2a) knockout mice exhibit brain development disorders and abnormal amino acid metabolism in serum. This suggests that DIP2A is involved in the metabolism of amino acid–associated neurotransmitters. Therefore, we performed targeted neurotransmitter metabolomics analysis and found that Dip2a deficiency caused abnormal metabolism of tryptophan and thyroxine in the basolateral amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. In addition, acute restraint stress induced a decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine in the basolateral amygdala. Additionally, Dip2a was abundantly expressed in excitatory neurons of the basolateral amygdala, and deletion of Dip2a in these neurons resulted in hopelessness-like behavior in the tail suspension test. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that DIP2A in the basolateral amygdala may be involved in the regulation of stress susceptibility. This provides critical evidence implicating a role of DIP2A in affective disorders.

Tree: Reducing the use of restrictive practices on psychiatric wards through virtual reality immersive technology training

BACKGROUND Restrictive practices(RPs)are defined by measures linked to physical and chemical restraints to reduce the movement or control behaviours during any emergency.Seclusion is an equal part of RPs intended to isolate and reduce the sensory stimulation to safeguard the patient and those within the vicinity.Using interventions by way of virtual reality(VR)could assist with reducing the need for RPs as it could help reduce anxiety or agitation by way of placing users into realistic and immersive environments.This could also aid staff to and change current RPs.AIM To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using a VR platform to provide reduction in RP training.METHODS A randomised controlled feasibility study,accompanied by evaluations at 1 month and 6 months,was conducted within inpatient psychiatric wards at Southern Health National Health Service Foundation Trust,United Kingdom.Virti VR scenarios were used on VR headsets to provide training on reducing RPs in 3 inpatient psychiatric wards.Outcome measures included general self-efficacy scale,generalised anxiety disorder assessment 7(GAD-7),Burnout Assessment Tool 12,the Everyday Discrimination Scale,and the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scale.RESULTS Findings revealed statistically significant differences between the VR and treatment as usual groups,in the Everyday Discrimination Scale items Q8 and Q9:P=0.023 and P=0.040 respectively,indicating higher levels of perceived discrimination in the VR group.There were no significant differences between groups in terms of general self-efficacy,generalised anxiety disorder assessment 9,and Burnout Assessment Tool 12 scores.A significant difference was observed within the VR group for compassionate engagement from others(P=0.005)over time.Most respondents recorded System Usability Scale scores above 70,with an average score of 71.79.There was a significant reduction in rates of RPs in the VR group vs treatment as usual group with a fluctuating variability observed in the VR group likely due to external factors not captured in the study.CONCLUSION Ongoing advancement of VR technology enables the possibility of creating scenarios and simulations tailored to healthcare environments that empower staff by providing more comprehensive and effective training for handling situations.

Nonlinear Time History Analysis for the Different Column Orientations under Seismic Wave Synthetic Approach

The significant impact of earthquakes on human lives and the built environment underscores the extensive human and economic losses caused by structural collapses. Over the years, researchers have focused on improving seismic design to mitigate earthquake-induced damages and enhance structural performance. In this study, a specific reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure at Kyungpook National University, designed for educational purposes, is analyzed as a representative case. Utilizing SAP 2000, the research conducts a nonlinear time history analysis to assess the structural performance under seismic conditions. The primary objective is to evaluate the influence of different column section designs, while maintaining identical column section areas, on structural behavior. The study employs two distinct seismic waves from Abeno (ABN) and Takatori (TKT) for the analysis, comparing the structural performance under varying seismic conditions. Key aspects examined include displacement, base shear force, base moment, joint radians, and layer displacement angle. This research is anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for seismic restraint reinforcement work on RC buildings, enriching the methods used for evaluating structures through nonlinear time history analysis based on the synthetic seismic wave approach.

Seismic tests of post-tensioned self-centering building frames with column and slab restraints

Post-tensioned(PT)self-centering moment frames have been developed as an alternative to typical moment-resisting frames(MRFs)for earthquake resistance.When a PT frame deforms laterally,gaps between the beams and columns open.However,the gaps are constrained by the columns and the slab in a real PT selfcentering building frame.This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the column restraint and beam compression force based on the column deformation and gap openings at all stories.The method is verified by cyclic tests of a full-scale,two-bay by one-story PT frame.Moreover,a sliding slab is proposed to minimize restraints on the expansion of the PT frame.Shaking table tests were conducted on a reduced-scale,two-by-two bay one-story specimen,which comprises one PT frame and two gravitational frames.The PT frame and gravitational frames are self-centering throughout the tests,responding in phase with only minor differences in peak drifts caused by expansion of the PT frame.When the specimen is excited by a simulation of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake with a peak ground acceleration of 1.87 g,the maximum interstory drift and the residual drift are 7.2%and 0.01%,respectively.

Analytical solutions for the restraint effect of isolation piles against tunneling-induced vertical ground displacements

This paper presents a simplified elastic continuum method for calculating the restraint effect of isolation piles on tunneling-induced vertical ground displacement,which can consider not only the relative sliding of the pile‒soil interface but also the pile rowesoil interaction.The proposed method is verified by comparisons with existing theoretical methods,including the boundary element method and the elastic foundation method.The results reveal the restraining mechanism of the isolation piles on vertical ground displacements due to tunneling,i.e.the positive and negative restraint effects exerted by the isolation piles jointly drive the ground vertical displacement along the depth direction from the original tunneling-induced nonlinear variation situation to a relatively uniform situation.The results also indicate that the stiffness of the pile‒soil interface,including the pile shaft‒surrounding soil interface and pile tip-supporting soil interface,describes the strength of the pile‒soil interaction.The pile rows can confine the vertical ground displacement caused by the tunnel excavation to the inner side of the isolation piles and effectively prevent the vertical ground displacement from expanding further toward the outer side of the isolation piles.

Effects of CUMS combined with CRS on hippocampal glial cells and synaptic plasticity in depressed mice

Objective:To explore the effects of CUMS combined with CRS on mouse hippocampal glial cells and synaptic plasticity-related proteins. Methods: Forty mice were randomly divided into normal group (n=20) and model group (n=20). The model group used CUMS combined with CRS to prepare a mouse model of depression for 7 weeks. The behavioral evaluation of the mice at 3 weeks and 7 weeks after modeling was performed by sugar water preference test, open field test and tail suspension test. After the experiment, the samples were collected, and the content of TNF-a in the hippocampus of mice was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the Iba-1 and GFAP MOD values of mouse hippocampal CA1 area, CA3 area and DG area. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Iba-1, GFAP, SYN1 and PSD-95 in the hippocampus. fluorescence quantitative PCR method was used to detect the expression of SYN1, PSD-95 mRNA in hippocampus. Results: At the 3rd week after modeling, the body weight, sugar water preference rate, total distance moved, number of standing uprights, and stay time in the central area of the mice in the model group were all lower than those in the normal group (P<0.05), and the tail suspension immobility time was longer than that in the normal group (P<0.01). After 7 weeks of modeling, the body weight, sugar water preference rate, total distance moved, number of erection times, central area residence time, and average movement speed of the mice in the model group were lower than those in the normal group (P< 0.05), the tail suspension immobility time was longer than that in the normal group (P<0.01). The contents of TNF-a in the hippocampus were higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05). The GFAP MOD value and the relative expression of GFAP protein in hippocampal CA1, CA3 and DG regions were significantly lower than those in the normal group (P<0.05). The Iba-1 MOD value and the relative expression of Iba-1 protein in hippocampal CA1, CA3 and DG regions were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05). The relative expression of SYN1 and PSD-95 protein and the relative expression of SYN1 and PSD-95 mRNA in the hippocampus were significantly lower than those in the normal group (P<0.05). Conclusion: After 3 weeks of CUMS and CRS modeling, the depression-like behavior of mice appeared, and the depression of mice was more obvious after 7 weeks of modeling. The depression mouse model made by CUMS combined with CRS method may be related to increased hippocampal inflammation, excessive activation of microglia, decreased number of astrocytes and decreased synaptic plasticity.

Research on Innovation of Fair Competition Review System in Shenzhen

The Shenzhen Fair Competition Review System has experienced internal review and cross-examination since its inception.However,it is still dominated by the self-review of policy-making organs,with a lack of effective control and restraint mechanisms.In addition,insufficient compensatory effect of the external review has led to weak effectiveness of social supervision.Shenzhen is currently the pilot of an independent fair competition review system.The Fair Competition Commission can be set up as an independent review body.Then,the operational mechanism should be improved and the constraints and incentives should be set up scientifically.Last but not the least,by strengthening the social supervision network for fair competition review,the legality and rationality of a wide range of local regulations,rules,and normative documents will be reviewed,thereby regulating the behavior of policy-making organs.

慢性束缚应激诱导自发性高血压大鼠出现抑郁焦虑样行为

目的 探讨自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）在慢性束缚应激（Chronic Restraint Stress,CRS）时抑郁焦虑样行为学改变. 方法 雄性SHR大鼠16只,随机分为对照组（CON,n=8）和慢性束缚应激组（CRS,n=8）.通过旷场试验（Open Field test,OFT）、强迫游泳实验（Forced Swimming test,FST）、高架十字迷宫试验（Elevated Plus Maze,EPM）评价其抑郁焦虑样行为,同时比较SHR血压变化及血清ACTH水平.结果 束缚4周后,与对照组相比,CRS组的SHR在OFT中直立次数及总位移均显著降低（P＜0.05）,FST中不动时间显著延长（P＜0.05）,EPM中开臂滞留时间百分比显著下降（P＜0.05）. 结论 慢性束缚应激可诱导SHR出现抑郁焦虑样行为.

Possible involvement of integrin signaling pathway in the process of recovery from restraint stress in rats

Objective To search novel genes or pathways involved in the recovery process after restraint stress in rats. Methods We compared the hypothalamus transcriptional profiles of two different recovery patterns （fast recovery vs slow recovery） from restraint stress in rats using oligonucleotide microarray, the recovery pattern was determined by the decrement of plasma adrenocorticotropic-hormone （ACTH） and corticosterone levels during one hour recovery period after stress. A real-time quantitative RT-PCR was applied to validate the differential expressed genes. Results Analysis of the microarray data showed that most of genes were not differentially expressed between fast recovery group and slow recovery group. Among the differentially expressed genes we found that talin, together with serine/threonine protein phosphatase PPl-beta catalytic subunit （PP-1B） and integrin α-6 precursor （VLA-6） genes, were at least 1.5 fold upregulated in the fast recovery group, while junctional adhesion molecule 1 （F11r） was 1.5 fold down-regulated in the fast recovery group. Conclusion The results implied that integrin signaling pathway may be involved in the recovery from restraint stress in rats. The present study provided a global overview of hypothalamus transcriptional profiles during the process of recovery from the restraint stress in rats. The integrin signaling pathway seems to be involved in the recovery process, which deserves further study to clarify the integrin-mediated recovery mechanism after restraint stress.