Neuroprotection by resveratrol-glucuronide and quercetin-glucuronide via binding to polyphenol-and glycosaminoglycan-binding sites in the laminin receptor

The dietary polyphenolic compounds resveratrol and quercetin prevent neurodegenerative diseases in experimental models;however, they reach the brain only in nanomolar concentrations in the glucuronidated and sulfated forms, and not as the aglycone parent form(Pasinetti et al.,2015).

Resveratrol combats chronic diseases through enhancing mitochondrial quality

Resveratrol(RSV),as a functional food component extracted from natural plants,has been widely studied and recognized in preventing and treating various diseases,with major mechanisms including executing anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation functions,and improving mitochondrial quality.Chronic diseases as non-communicable diseases are mainly caused by multiple factors,such as physiological decline and dysfunction in the body,and have become a significant challenge on public health worldwide.It is worth noting that chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease(AD),Parkinson's disease(PD),muscle atrophy,cardiovascular disease,obesity,and cancer are accompanied by abnormal mitochondrial function.Therefore,targeted regulation of mitochondria may be a meaningful way to prevent and treat chronic diseases.Increasing evidence has confirmed that RSV is actively involved in regulating mitochondria,and it has become an essential consideration to prevent and treat chronic diseases through targeting mitochondria and improving corresponding functions.In this article,current studies on RSV to optimize mitochondrial quality for preventing and alleviating chronic disease are systematically summarized,which can provide a theoretical reference for the development of functional foods or drugs to combat chronic diseases.

Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma in rodents:A narrative review

Glaucoma,an irreversible optic neuropathy,primarily affects retinal ganglion cells(RGC)and causes vision loss and blindness.The damage to RGCs in glaucoma occurs by various mechanisms,including elevated intraocular pressure,oxidative stress,inflammation,and other neurodegenerative processes.As the disease progresses,the loss of RGCs leads to vision loss.Therefore,protecting RGCs from damage and promoting their survival are important goals in managing glaucoma.In this regard,resveratrol(RES),a polyphenolic phytoalexin,exerts antioxidant effects and slows down the evolution and progression of glaucoma.The present review shows that RES plays a protective role in RGCs in cases of ischemic injury and hypoxia as well as in ErbB2 protein expression in the retina.Additionally,RES plays protective roles in RGCs by promoting cell growth,reducing apoptosis,and decreasing oxidative stress in H_(2)O_(2)-exposed RGCs.RES was also found to inhibit oxidative stress damage in RGCs and suppress the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.RES could alleviate retinal function impairment by suppressing the hypoxia-i nducible factor-1 alpha/vascular endothelial growth factor and p38/p53 axes while stimulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.Therefore,RES might exert potential therapeutic effects for managing glaucoma by protecting RGCs from damage and promoting their survival.

Resveratrol inhibits pancreatic cancer proliferation and metastasis by depleting senescent tumor-associated fibroblasts

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer,a formidable gastrointestinal neoplasm,is characterized by its insidious onset,rapid progression,and resistance to treatment,which often lead to a grim prognosis.While the complex pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer is well recognized,recent attention has focused on the oncogenic roles of senescent tumor-associated fibroblasts.However,their precise role in pancreatic cancer remains unknown.Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol known for its multifaceted biological actions,including antioxidative and neuroprotective properties,as well as its potential to inhibit tumor proliferation and migration.Our current investigation builds on prior research and reveals the remarkable ability of resveratrol to inhibit pancreatic cancer proliferation and metastasis.AIM To explore the potential of resveratrol in inhibiting pancreatic cancer by targeting senescent tumor-associated fibroblasts.METHODS Immunofluorescence staining of pancreatic cancer tissues revealed prominent coexpression ofα-SMA and p16.HP-1 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry.Cells were treated with the senescence-inducing factors known as 3CKs.Long-term growth assays confirmed that 3CKs significantly decreased the CAF growth rate.Western blotting was conducted to assess the expression levels of p16 and p21.Immunofluorescence was performed to assess LaminB1 expression.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the levels of several senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors,including IL-4,IL-6,IL-8,IL-13,MMP-2,MMP-9,CXCL1,and CXCL12.A scratch assay was used to assess the migratory capacity of the cells,whereas Transwell assays were used to evaluate their invasive potential.RESULTS Specifically,we identified the presence of senescent tumor-associated fibroblasts within pancreatic cancer tissues,linking their abundance to cancer progression.Intriguingly,Resveratrol effectively eradicated these fibroblasts and hindered their senescence,which consequently impeded pancreatic cancer progression.CONCLUSION This groundbreaking discovery reinforces Resveratrol's stature as a potential antitumor agent and positions senescent tumor-associated fibroblasts as pivotal contenders in future therapeutic strategies against pancreatic cancer.

Immunomodulatory and chemopreventive effects of resveratrol on the digestive system cancers

Resveratrol(RSV),the primary polyphenol found in grapes,has been revealed to have anti-inflammatory properties by reducing the capacity of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines,including IL-1β,IL-6,IL-1ra and TNFα.Considering the close association between chronic inflammation and cancer development,RSV’s immunomodulatory properties are one way by which the polyphenol may inhibit cancer initiation,proliferation,neovascularization,and migration.Resveratrol influences the generation of microtumor environment which is one of the key factors in cancer progress.In addition to immunomodulation,RSV inhibits cancer development by expressing anti-oxidant effects,causing cell cycle arrest,stimulating the function of certain enzymes,and activating cell signaling pathways.The end outcome is one of the various forms of cell death,including apoptosis,pyroptosis,necroptosis,and more,as it has been observed in vitro.RSV has been shown to act against cancer in practically every organ,while its effects on colon cancer have been documented more frequently.It is remarkable that longer-term clinical studies that may have established the potential for this natural substance to serve as a therapeutic adjuvant to traditional anti-cancer medications were not prompted by the encouraging outcomes seen with cancer cells treated with non-toxic doses of resveratrol.The current review aims to assess the recent findings about the immunological and anti-cancer characteristics of RSV,with a particular emphasis on cancers of the digestive tract,as a challenge for future clinical research that may contribute to the better prognosis of cancer.

Identification of anti-gastric cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of resveratrol: From network pharmacology and bioinformatics to experimental validation

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis.Resveratrol,a non-flavonoid poly-phenolic compound found in a variety of Chinese medicinal materials,has shown excellent anti-GC effect.However,its exact mechanisms of action in GC have not been clarified.AIM To identify the effects of resveratrol on GC progression and explore the related molecular mechanisms.METHODS Action targets of resveratrol and GC-related targets were screened from public databases.The overlapping targets between the two were confirmed using a Venn diagram,and a“Resveratrol-Target-GC”network was constructed using Cyto-scape software version 3.9.1.The protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed using STRING database and core targets were identified by PPI network analysis.The Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated A total of 378 resveratrol action targets and 2154 GC disease targets were obtained from public databases,and 181 intersection targets between the two were screened by Venn diagram.The top 20 core targets were identified by PPI network analysis of the overlapping targets.GO function analysis mainly involved protein binding,identical protein binding,cytoplasm,nucleus,negative regulation of apoptotic process and response to xenobiotic stimulus.KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that the involved signaling pathways mainly included PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,ErbB signaling pathway,etc.FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog(FOS)and matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP9)were selected by differential expression analysis,and they were closely associated with immune infiltration.Molecular docking results showed that resveratrol docked well with these two targets.Resveratrol treatment arrested the cell cycle at the S phase,induced apoptosis,and weakened viability,migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner.Furthermore,resveratrol could exhibit anti-GC effect by regulating FOS and MMP9 expression.CONCLUSION The anti-GC effects of resveratrol are related to the inhibition of cell proliferation,migration,invasion and induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by targeting FOS and MMP9.

Discussion of the Composition of Jaboticaba in Different Processes

This study discusses the composition analysis and comparison of Jaboticaba under different processing conditions for fermented liquid, jam, fruit powder, and fruit vinegar. The differences and comparison of the contents of total polyphenols, anthocyanins, resveratrol, superoxide dismutase, small molecular peptides and ellagic acid in their products were analyzed. After analysis and comparison of results, the content of total polyphenols was found to be the highest 44.82 ± 0.89 (mg/g) after being fermented directly from fresh fruit. The fresh fruit was dried at low temperature and ground into powder, with a maximum ellagic acid content of 12.799 ± 0.12 (mg/g). Fresh fruit was then made into jam, with the highest anthocyanin content of 57.39 ± 1.20 (mg/g). The fruit vinegar was produced by fermentation. Except for the content of small molecule peptides, which was similar to the content of fermentation broth and fruit powder, they were 20.63 ± 1.61, 23.84 ± 2.51 and 20.52 ± 1.21 (mg/g), and the rest of the composition was not as good as other samples. In the fresh fruit fermentation broth samples, resveratrol was produced and detected, and its content was 2.14 (mg/L), while it was not detected in other samples, and a superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like enzyme was detected in the fresh fruit fermentation broth. The highest activity was 49002.5 units/mL. Jaboticaba is prepared using a fermentation broth processing method with fresh fruit, and its total polyphenol content is higher than that of fruit powder, jam, and fruit vinegar. The commercial value of Jaboticaba and the establishment of composition content data are relatively improved, which is more promising for the future.

Quality Evaluation of Fermented Mulberry Wine

[Objectives]This study to conducted to clarify various nutritional components and the composition and contents of aromatic substances in mulberry wine prepared by fermentation,and promote the quality improvement and product development of mulberry wine.[Methods]Mulberry wine was prepared with mulberry Shengguo 1 as the material using Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and its contents of total sugars,total phenols,total acids,resveratrol,protein,dry extract,ethanol content,Fe,methanol,sulfur dioxide,volatile acids,total flavonoids and proanthocyanidins were determined.Aromatic substances were extracted by n-hexane,and their components and relative contents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).[Results]The physical and chemical indexes of the mulberry wine prepared by fermentation were in accordance with the national standards,and it was rich in resveratrol(10.5±0.6 mg/L),protein(381±11 mg/L),total flavonoids(406±18 mg/L)and proanthocyanidins(855±22 mg/L),which were 8.95,19.49,3.76 and 1.63 times higher than those of grape wine,respectively.The aromatic substances were mainly composed of ethyl formate(9.9%),ethyl acetate(7.6%),acetal(6.2%),propanol(5.7%),isobutanol(5.6%)and isoamyl acetate(5.3%).[Conclusions]The results of this study demonstrated that mulberry wine was rich in active substances,which suggested that mulberry wine has great potential in the fruit wine market.

利用基因转化提高虎杖毛状根中活性成分的含量

通过转白藜芦醇合酶（resveratrol synthase，RS）基因提高虎杖毛状根中主要活性成分——白藜芦醇（resveratrol，RE）和白藜芦醇苷（polydatin，PD）的含量。用改进的高盐低pH法提取葡萄基因组DNA，通过PCR扩增获得RS基因序列，构建表达载体pCAMBIA1300—35S—RS，然后采用冻融法转化发根农杆菌ATCC11325，继而浸染划伤的虎杖无菌幼苗叶片，PCR和RT—PCR法鉴定RS基因在虎杖毛状根中的整合与表达，高效液相色谱（highly effective liquid chromatography，HPLC）法测定转基因毛状根中RE及PD的含量。首次成功诱导获得转RS基因虎杖毛状根，经鉴定该基因已在虎杖毛状根中得到整合与表达，RE和PD的含量分别为17～187μg·g^-1DW和836～1970μg·g^-1 DW，而未转基因虎杖毛状根中RE和PD的含量分别为0～130μg·g^-1 DW和190～320μg·g^-1 DW。在所选取的不同根系中，转基因毛状根PD的含量均得到显著提高，最高含量是未转基因毛状根的5倍，而RE含量提高不显著。

Synthesis of Resveratrol and Resveratrol Trinicotinate

Aim To synthesize a new prodrug, resveratrol trinicotinate. Methods Inpresence of lithium and a catalytic amount of naphthalene, the reaction of p-methoxybenzyltrimethylsilyl ether and 3,5-dimethoxylbenzaldehyde gave resveratrol after a series of translation.Resveratrol trinicotinate was obtained by the reaction of resveratrol and nicotinoyl chloridehydrochloride. Results A mutual prodrug resveratrol trinicotinate was designed and synthesized.Conclusion A novel method for synthesis of resveratrol and resveratrol trinicotinate has beenafforded. The E-isomer is selectivily obtained by dehydration of the compound 2 with KHSO_4 .

Resveratrol对糖尿病大鼠肾皮质4E-BP1和S6磷酸化表达的影响

目的:探讨Resveratrol对糖尿病(DM)大鼠早期肾脏肥大的影响及其可能的机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠13只,应用链脲佐菌素诱导建立DM大鼠模型,6只正常SD大鼠作为对照(NC)。DM大鼠于第11周随机分为DM组7只和Resveratrol(DR)组6只,DR组给予Resveratrol 10 mg/(kg.d)灌胃,共4周。第14周收集3组大鼠24 h尿测尿微量白蛋白。处死大鼠,心脏取血测血肌酐。取肾组织,制石蜡切片做HE染色,免疫组化观察肾皮质4E-BP1磷酸化蛋白表达量的变化。Western blot检测肾皮质S6磷酸化蛋白表达的改变。结果:与NC组相比,DR和DM组大鼠血糖、24 h尿微量白蛋白和血肌酐明显升高,而体重明显降低(P均<0.01),而用Resveratrol干预后DR组大鼠血糖、24 h尿微量白蛋白及血肌酐比DM组明显好转(P<0.05)。肾脏HE染色结果显示,DM组大鼠肾小球系膜基质中度增生,系膜细胞增生,系膜区明显扩大,肾小球体积增大。DR组肾小球系膜细胞和基质增生及肾小球系膜区扩张较DM组明显减轻。肾皮质免疫组化结果显示,4E-BP1磷酸化蛋白在DM组表达呈强阳性,在DR组表达呈弱阳性。DM和DR组大鼠血管组织中S6磷酸化蛋白的表达明显高于NC组(P<0.01),而DR组明显低于DM组(P<0.01)。结论:DM大鼠早期存在肾脏肥大和mTOR信号通路下游的4E-BP1和S6磷酸化蛋白表达增高。Resveratrol可能通过抑制4E-BP1和S6的磷酸化来减轻DM大鼠早期肾脏肥大,延缓糖尿病肾病的发展。

白藜芦醇对眼部疾病防治机制的研究进展

白藜芦醇（resveratrol）是一种非黄酮类的多酚类化合物,广泛存在于花生、红葡萄和浆果类等植物果实中,是一种天然的抗氧化剂,能清除体内自由基以延缓衰老,并具有广泛的生物和药理活性,如抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗辐射、免疫调节、保护心血管等许多作用[1],从而可以预防和缓解许多疾病,深受国内外生物学、医药学家的重视。

白藜芦醇对高尿酸介导的非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠血脂及肝组织脂肪变的影响

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是目前最常见的肝脏问题,可能会进展到其他肝脏疾病,如非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、肝纤维化、肝硬化,甚或肝癌。NAFLD是多种因素导致的一系列肝细胞脂肪浸润,其中饮食条件不容忽视。近期研究表明,血清尿酸升高与脂肪肝密切相关,并影响其严重程度。目前尚没有药物治疗证实对NAFLD有确切疗效。

Resveratrol对高糖所致大鼠肾小球系膜细胞TGF-β1表达的影响

目的:探讨高糖对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞TGF-β1表达的影响及Resveratrol的干预作用。方法:体外培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞。①分为正常对照组(NC组,葡萄糖浓度5.6mmol/L)、高糖组(HG组,葡萄糖浓度30mmol/L),分别观察24、48、72h;②分为NC组、HG组、Resveratrol组(Res组,葡萄糖浓度5.6mmol/L+Resveratrol20μmol/L)和高糖+Resveratrol组(HG+Res组,葡萄糖浓度30mmol/L+Resveratrol浓度分别为5、10、15、20μmol/L),各组细胞分别培养48h。用半定量RT-PCR和Western blotting法检测细胞内TGF-β1mRNA和蛋白表达变化。结果:①与NC组相比,HG刺激后大鼠系膜细胞TGF-β1mRNA和蛋白表达明显增加,差异均有显著性,P值均<0.01;②与HG组相比,HG+Resveratrol干预后,大鼠系膜细胞TGF-β1mRNA和蛋白表达呈浓度依赖性减少,差异均有显著性(P值分别为<0.05,<0.01)。Res组和NC组之间TGF-β1mRNA和蛋白表达的差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:高糖能上调大鼠肾小球系膜细胞TGF-β1mRNA和蛋白表达,Resveratrol可能通过抑制高糖引起的系膜细胞TGF-β1高表达而在糖尿病肾病中起治疗作用。

龙蛭汤含药血清联合3-MA、白藜芦醇对氧化应激环境下血管内皮细胞自噬及管腔形成的影响

目的观察龙蛭汤含药血清联合3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-Methyladenine,3-MA)、白藜芦醇(Resveratrol,Res)对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导的氧化应激环境下血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)自噬及管腔形成的影响。方法SPF级SD大鼠分别予生理盐水、龙蛭汤水煎液灌胃7 d,取腹主动脉血制备含药血清,分装备用。通过建立H2O2诱导的HUVECs氧化应激自噬模型,分别加入正常对照组(Control组)、生理盐水含药血清组(空白血清组)、3-MA(3-MA组)、3-MA+10%龙蛭汤含药血清(3-MA+LZD组)、Res(Res组)、Res+10%龙蛭汤含药血清(Res+LZD组);CCK8、划痕实验、基质胶管型形成实验分别检测HUVECs增殖、迁移及管型形成能力,细胞免疫荧光检测自噬表达强度,Western Blot比较各组细胞Beclin-1、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、VEGF的蛋白表达水平。结果与空白血清组相比,Res组与Res+LZD组的细胞增殖数、迁移距离及管型形成数均明显增多,LC3荧光表达增强,Beclin-1、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、VEGF蛋白水平升高,3-MA组的自噬、VEGF蛋白水平均降低;与3-MA组、Res组相比,加入龙蛭汤含药血清后的细胞增殖、迁移、管型形成数增多,3-MA+LZD组自噬荧光表达增强,Beclin-1、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、VEGF蛋白水平升高;Res+LZD组下调Beclin-1、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ蛋白水平,与自噬荧光表达趋势一致,同时VEGF蛋白表达水平上调。结论龙蛭汤含药血清通过调节Beclin-1、LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ自噬蛋白水平调控自噬通路,提高血管内皮细胞活力,促进内皮细胞迁移及管型形成,可能是血管内皮细胞氧化应激损伤后的血管新生的重要作用机制。

Resveratrol对高糖培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞氧化应激和p27蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨Resveratrol对高糖培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞氧化应激和p27蛋白表达的影响。方法:体外培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞,分为正常对照组(NC组,葡萄糖浓度5.6 mmol/L)、Resveratrol组(Res组,葡萄糖浓度5.6 mmol/L+Resveratrol 20μmol/L)、高糖组(HG组,葡萄糖浓度30mmol/L)和高糖+Resveratrol组(HG+Res组,葡萄糖浓度30 mmol/L+Resveratrol 20μmol/L),各组细胞分别培养72 h,用比色法测定细胞上清液丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygenspecies,ROS)含量,蛋白含量/细胞数比值评估系膜细胞大小,Western blot法检测细胞内p27蛋白表达的变化。结果:①与NC组相比,HG刺激后大鼠肾小球系膜细胞内MDA、ROS含量均明显上调(P<0.01);与HG组相比,HG+Resveratrol干预后大鼠肾小球系膜细胞内MDA、ROS含量均降低(P<0.05)。②与NC组相比,HG刺激72 h后,大鼠肾小球系膜细胞肥大、p27蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.01);与HG组相比,HG+Resveratrol干预后大鼠肾小球系膜细胞细胞肥大减轻、p27蛋白表达减少(P<0.05)。Res组和NC组之间p27蛋白表达无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Resveratrol可能通过缓解高糖诱导系膜细胞的氧化应激、抑制p27蛋白高表达,减轻糖尿病肾脏疾病早期的肾脏肥大。

Dietary resveratrol improves antioxidant status of sows and piglets and regulates antioxidant gene expression in placenta by Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and Sirt1

Background: Resveratrol, a plant phenol, affords protection against inflammation and oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on the antioxidant status of sows and piglets and on antioxidant gene expression and pathway in placenta.Methods: Forty sows were allotted to 2 dietary treatments 20 d after breeding. Sows were fed a control diet and a control diet with 300 mg/kg resveratrol. Oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes were measured in the placenta, milk, and plasma of sows and piglets. Antioxidant gene expression and protein expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Keap1-Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa B-p65(NFκB-p65) and sirtuin1(Sirt1) were quantified in the placenta.Results: Dietary resveratrol increased the litter and piglets weaning weights. Antioxidant status in the milk, placenta and plasma of sows and piglets was partially improved by dietary resveratrol. In placenta, Nrf2 protein expression was increased and Keap1 protein expression was decreased by dietary resveratrol. The m RNA expression of antioxidant genes including catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase 1(GPX1), GPX4, superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)and heme oxygenase 1(HO1), and phase 2 detoxification genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier(GCLM), microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1(MGST1) and UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1(UGT1 A1), was increased by dietary resveratrol. Dietary resveratrol also increased Sirt1 and phosphorylated NFκB-p65 protein expression in the placenta. We failed to observe any influences of dietary resveratrol on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, including those of interleukin 1β(IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α). However, we observed that the m RNA expression of IL-8 in placenta was reduced by maternal resveratrol. In addition, dietary resveratrol showed interactive effects with day of lactation on activities of SOD and CAT and levels of malonaldehyde(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2) in milk.Conclusions: Dietary resveratrol supplementation during pregnancy and lactation improves the antioxidant status of sows and piglets, which is beneficial to the reproductive performance of sows. Dietary resveratrol regulates placental antioxidant gene expression by the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and Sirt1 in placenta.

Resveratrol Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells by Inhibiting Akt/mTOR and Activating p38-MAPK

Objective To explore the effects of resveratrol-induced apoptosis and autophagy in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia （T-ALL） cells and potential molecular mechanisms. Methods The anti-proliferation effect of resveratrol-induced, apoptosis and autophagy on T-ALL cells were detected by using MTI- test, immunofluorescence, electronic microscope, and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blotting was performed for detecting changes of apoptosis-associated proteins, cell cycle regulatory proteins and state of activation of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, 4E-BP1, and p38-MAPK. Results Resveratrol inhibited the proliferation and dose and time-dependent manner. It also induced cyclin-dependent kinase （CDK） inhibitors p21 and induced apoptosis and autophagy in T-ALL cells in a cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase via up regulating p27 and down regulating cyclin A and cyclin D1. Western blotting revealed that resveratrol significantly decreased the expression of antiapoptotic proteins （Mcl-1 and Bcl-2） and increased the expression of proapoptotic proteins （Bax, Bim, and Bad）, and induced cleaved-caspase-3 in a time-dependent manner. Significant increase in ratio of LC3-11/LC3-1 and Beclin 1 was also detected. Furthermore, resveratrol induced significant dephosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1, but enhanced specific phosphorylation of p38-MAPK which could be blocked by SB203580. When autophagy was suppressed by 3-MA, apoptosis in T-ALL cells induced by resveratrol was enhanced. Conclusion Our findings have suggested that resveratrol induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in T-ALL cells through inhibiting Akt/mTOR/p7OS6K/4E-BP1 and activating p38-MAPK signaling pathways. Autophagy might play a role as a self-defense mechanism in T-ALL cells treated by resveratrol. Therefore, the reasonable inhibition of autophagy in T-ALL cells may serve as a promising strategy for resveratrol induced apoptosis and can be used as adjuvant chemotherapy for T-ALL.

Effect of resveratrol on activation of nuclear factor kappa-B and inflammatory factors in rat model of acute pancreatitis

AIM: To observe the effect of resveratrol on nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and the inflammatory response in sodium taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in rats. METHODS: Seventy-two male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (control), severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group, and severe acute pancreatitis group treated with resveratrol (RES). A SAP model was established by injecting 4% sodium taurocholate 1 mL/kg through puncturing the pancreatic duct. In Res group, Res was given at 30 mg/kg b.m. intraperitoneally after the SAP model was successfully established. Eight animals from each group were sacrificed at 3, 6 and 12 h after modeling. The expression of NF-κB activation of pancreas was detected by irnmunohistochemical staining, whereas the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in pancreatic tissues were estimated by radioimrnunoassay. The pathological changes of pancreas and lungs were examined microscopically. RESULTS: Much less hyperemia, edema, dust-colored necrotic focus and soaps were noticed in pancreas in RES group than in SAP group. In RES group, hemorrhage, exudates and infiltration of inflammatory cells in pancreas and interstitial edema, destruction of alveolar wall in lung were significantly less than in SAP group. In the SAP group, the activation of NF-κB in pancreatic tissues was enhanced significantly at any measure point compared with control group (64.23±10.72% vs 2.56±0.65%, 55.86±11.34% vs 2.32±0.42%, 36.23±2.30% vs 2.40±0.36%,P<0.01), TNF-α, IL-8 were also increased and reached their peak at 6 h and then declined. The activation of NF-κB and the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in RES group were significantly lower than those in SAP group (P<0.01): activation (52.63±9.45% vs 64.23±10.72%, 40.52±8.40% vs 55.86±11.34%, 29.83±5.37% vs 36.23±2.30%), TNF-α (132.76±15.68 pg/mL vs 158.36±12.58 pg/mL, 220.32±23.57 pg/mL vs 247.67± 11.62 pg/mL, 175.68±18.43 pg/mL vs 197.35±12.57 pg/mL) and IL-8 (0.62±0.21 μg/L vs 0.83±0.10 μg/L, 1.10±0.124 μg/L vs1.32±0.18 μg/L, 0.98±0.16 μg/L vs 1.27±0.23μg/L). CONCLUSION: The activation of NF-KB is involved in the inflammatory response of rats with SAP. Resveratrol could effectively inhibit the expression of NF-κB activation, alleviate the severity of SAP through its anti-inflammatory effects and regulate the inflammatory mediators.

Resveratrol: A potential challenger against gastric cancer

Gastric cancer(GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Late diagnosis and classical therapeutic approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy make this disease a still threatening tumor.Genetic asset, environmental stress, dietary habit and infections caused by Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) arethe major causes concurring to GC initiation. A common mechanism is induction of radicals resulting in gastric mucosal injury. A regular food intake of antioxidant and radical scavenging agents has been proposed to exert protection against tumorigenesis. Resveratrol belongs to the polyphenol flavonoids class of antioxidants produced by a restricted number of plants. Resveratrol exerts bactericidal activity against H. pylori and is a powerful antioxidant, thus acting as a tumor preventive agent.Resveratrol intracellular signaling results in growth arrest and apoptosis, so that it can be directed against tumor progression. Resveratrol therapeutic potential against GC initiation and progression are reviewed here.