Effects of Different Decolorants on Retention Rate of Total Triterpenes in Fruit and Rattan Stems of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill

This study was to investigate the decoloration effects of activated clay, activated carbon, diatomite, Ca group bentonite, kaolin, activated aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and attapulgite. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopywas adopted to de- tect the absorbanees of the extracts of Schisandra chinensis fruit and rattan stems, the contents of total triterpenoids in S. chinensis fruit and rattan stems were deter- mined, and the decoloration rate and the retention rate of total triterpenoids of S. chi- nensis fruit and rattan stems were calculated. The results indicated that, attapulgite exhibited the best decoloration effect on the extract of S. chinensis fruit, with a de- coloration rate up to 60.47%, activated carbon exhibited a better decoloration effect on the extract of S. chinensis rattan stems, with a decoloration rate up to 69.24%, and they had relatively higher retention rates of total triterpenoids. In the eight de- colorants, attapulgite showed the best decoloration effect on the extract of S. chi- nensis fruit, and activated carbon exhibited the best decoloration effect on the ex- tract of S. chinensisrattan stems.

Study on the Retention Rate of Green Tea Catechins Components and Tea Polyphenol by Different Processing Technology

The aim of this research was to explore the effect of fixation,rolling,and drying processing technology on the retention rate of green tea catechins components and tea polyphenol.Different fixation processes(rotary drumfiring,microwave,steam-blasting),rolling process(weight of rolling,gently press rolling and traditional rolling),drying process(stove drying,roasting dehydration,baked fried drying) were adopted.The effect of different tea processing technology on the retention rate of catechins component and tea polyphenol was analyzed.It showed that the microwave fixation process,gently press rolling process,baked fried dry process were beneficial to keep high levels of EGCG,C,EGC,EC,ECG.

Very Low, Real-Time Rate of Urinary Retention after Intradetrusor Botox^&regfor Non-Neurogenic Overactive Bladder

Introduction: According to the most recent AUA/SUFU guidelines, intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA (BTN/A) is a standard, evidence strength grade B, third line treatment option for refractory non-neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB). Urinary retention is the most common clinically significant reported side effect ranging from 5.4% to 43% in previous studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the real-time rate of urinary retention in patients treated with BTN/A for refractory non-neurogenic OAB in a multi-institutional study. Methods: Retrospective chart review identified 71 patients who were treated with 100U BTN/A for refractory non-neurogenic OAB from August 2011 to July 2015 at two institutions. Using a flexible cystoscope, 100U Botox&reg reconstituted with 10 ml normal saline was administered. Injections of 1 ml (10 units/ mL) were administered in 10 evenly distributed sites sparing the trigone. Pre and post BTN/A post-void residuals (PVR) were reviewed. Urinary retention was defined as PVR > 200 mL requiring clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). Results: After exclusion, the study group consisted of 66 patients with a mean age of 67 years and 30% were men. Mean pre and post-procedural PVR were 14.06 mL and 69.21 mL. Eight patients (12.12%) were noted to have elevated PVR > 200 mL post injection however only one patient (female) required initiation of CIC. The rate of urinary retention was 1.5% (N = 1). There was no correlation with age, history of previous radiation, diabetes or prior use of a neuromodulator device. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a very low risk of real-time urinary retention rates in appropriately selected patients treated with BTN/A for refractory non-neurogenic OAB outside of a clinical trial setting.

The Effect of Hydraulic Retention Times and Loading Rates on the Removal of Pollutants from Fish Processing Wastewater by Anaerobic Process

Anaerobic treatment model treats fish processing wastewater to be necessary for a small and medium factory that is very popular in Vietnam and other countries.Several techniques have been proposed.However,they are quite expensive and hard to operate,especially in remote areas.In this study,the hydraulic retention times(HRT)including 3,5,and 7 hours with a various organic loading rate of 1.5 to 6.5 kg COD/m3/day were investigated.Biomass concentration as mix-liquor volatile suspended solid(MLVSS)in the model is at 6,000 to 9,000 mg/L.On the basis of the result the optimal HRT with a 4.0 kg COD/m3/day organic loading rate was 8 hours which BOD5,COD removal efficiency were 92.18,87.36 percent respectively.By the end of the optimal hydraulic retention times,the total methane gas volume as a by-product was collected with 2.6 liters.

Used car price prediction based on XGBoost and retention rate

In order to improve the accuracy of used car price prediction,a machine learning prediction model based on the retention rate is proposed in this paper.Firstly,a random forest algorithm is used to filter the variables in the data.Seven main characteristic variables that affect used car prices,such as new car price,service time,mileage and so on,are filtered out.Then,the linear regression classification method is introduced to classify the test data into high and low retention rate data.After that,the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)regression model is built for the two datasets respectively.The prediction results show that the comprehensive evaluation index of the proposed model is 0.548,which is significantly improved compared to 0.488 of the original XGBoost model.Finally,compared with other representative machine learning algorithms,this model shows certain advantages in terms of mean absolute percentage error(MAPE),5%accuracy rate and comprehensive evaluation index.As a result,the retention rate-based machine learning model established in this paper has significant advantages in terms of the accuracy of used car price prediction.

Regulation of MRI contrast and cellular retention time by cellular interfacial distribution of Gd agents:Implications for stem cell tracking

Human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs)were labeled with Dotarem or(Gd-DOTA)2-EM7(EM7Gd2)via electroporation(EP).Cellular transmission electron microscopy(TEM)reveals free distribution of Gd agents and formation of EM7Gd2 clusters in the cytosol.Cellular magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)reveals that the free Gd agents induce MRI signal enhancement effect due to its fast exocytosis and subsequent interaction with intercellular water molecules.The EM7Gd2 clusters exhibits a longer intracellular retention time and induce a persistent MRI signal reduction effect.The cellular MRI results are interpreted by taking into account both T1 and T2 relaxation rates and their correlation with cellular binding structures of Dotarem and EM7Gd2.

不同助留体系对装饰原纸二氧化钛复合填料留着效果的影响

本研究分别分析了单元助留体系阳离子聚酰胺环氧氯丙烷树脂(PAE),双元助留体系PAE/阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)、PAE/膨润土(MMT)、PAE/阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM),三元助留体系PAE/CPAM/APAM、PAE/CPAM/MMT对装饰原纸TiO_(2)/滑石粉复合填料留着效果的影响。确定了各个体系的最佳添加量,并筛选出助留效果最好的助留体系。结果表明,当PAE添加量2.0%、CPAM添加量0.08%、MMT添加量0.6%时,组成的PAE/CPAM/MMT三元助留体系留着效果最佳,此时,浆料和填料留着率分别为89.5%和65.0%,纸张的不透明度、白度及匀度分别为98.5%、86.6%和91。

基于炉缸渣铁滞留量的高炉炉缸活性研究

针对国内外对炉缸活性表征不明晰的问题,建立以炉缸渣铁滞留量表征炉缸活性的模型,定量分析高炉操作参数对炉缸活性的作用比重,并提出提高炉缸活性的操作手段。结果表明:①渣铁焦物性对渣铁滞留率的影响顺序为:铁水温度>CSR>焦炭粒度>CRI>炉渣碱度>镁铝比;②去除滞留率对滞留量的影响,高炉操作参数对渣铁滞留量的影响顺序为:风量>铁口深度>风温>风压>喷煤量>氧气量;③高炉生产中,可采用原燃料粒级及性能管控技术、高风速大动能操作技术、渣铁流动控制技术、渣铁排放管控技术高效调控炉缸活跃状态。

桑葚花青素的稳定性及降解动力学研究

桑葚花青素不稳定,外界因素的变化容易造成其降解。该试验以花青素保留率和颜色变化为评价指标,考察了光照、pH值、温度、添加剂、金属离子等因素对桑葚花青素稳定性的影响并探究其降解动力学。结果显示:室外光照加速了花青素的降解,k值由避光条件的1.80×10^(-2)升高至14.12×10^(-2),t_(1/2)由避光条件的38.5 h降至5.2 h。酸性环境(pH值1.00,3.00)下花青素的稳定性高,中性(pH值7.00)、碱性(pH值9.00)时花青素易发生降解,96 h后花青素的保留率分别降至83.25%、72.44%,颜色由酸性时的红色分别变为灰绿色、墨绿色。花青素在80,100℃分别放置10 h后ΔE^(*)分别变为3.4097,6.1928,红色褪去,花青素的保留率仅为65.39%、38.83%。酸度剂(柠檬酸)对花青素有明显的稳定和增色作用,防腐剂(山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠)、抗氧化剂(抗坏血酸)加速了花青素的降解。Al^(3+)、Fe^(3+)、Fe^(2+)等金属离子的加入在一定程度上破坏了花青素的结构,颜色分别变为蓝紫色、黄褐色、蓝黑色。桑葚花青素的贮藏稳定性较差,适合低温、避光和酸性环境,并避免接触防腐剂、抗氧化剂等添加剂和铁、铝制品。该试验结果为花青素的贮藏、加工和应用提供了基础数据和理论依据。

疏水α-Al_(2)O_(3)陶瓷膜特性表征及温差驱动能力研究

疏水陶瓷膜在膜蒸馏领域具有突出优势,可拓宽膜蒸馏应用场景.采用新方法制备疏水α-Al_(2)O_(3)陶瓷膜,表征形貌特征、疏水性能、接枝有效性及宽温域热稳定性,揭示温差对单位温差驱动能力的影响规律,测定疏水陶瓷膜蒸馏过程的离子截留率.研究结果表明:疏水陶瓷膜表面形成了较规律的粗糙结构,疏水性能优异;疏水陶瓷膜表面的1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷发挥了疏水作用,且具有较好的高温热稳定性;基于原水温度的单位温差驱动能力(e_(c))随温差(ΔT)按-0.7356次幂函数规律负相关变化,而基于冷却水温度的单位温差驱动能力(e_(r))随ΔT按1.74589次幂函数规律正相关变化;疏水陶瓷膜蒸馏过程对所有被测离子的截留率均大于99.96%.该研究对指导制定疏水陶瓷膜蒸馏运行策略具有重要意义.

未来30年中国耕地和高标准农田分布的省级预测

科学预测中国未来耕地和高标准农田分布对于保障我国粮食安全和提高耕地质量具有重要意义。该研究假设未来各省份耕地和高标准农田占全国总面积比例不变,根据各省份耕地和高标准农田实际面积、未来全国耕地及各省份高标准农田规划面积等数据,基于最小二乘法的二次多项式拟合预测未来30 a全国及各省份耕地面积和高标准农田面积,进而预测未来各省份耕地面积保有率和高标准农田占耕地比例。结果表明:(1)到2050年,我国耕地面积稳定在1.20×10^(8)hm^(2),耕地面积保有率稳定在100%,高标准农田面积达到1.03×10^(8)hm^(2),高标准农田占耕地比例从2020年的43.59%增长到2050年的85.89%,增长近一倍。(2)七大区域中,黄淮海区、长江中下游区、东南区的高标准农田占耕地比例较高,在2020年均已达到70%以上,东北区、西北区、青藏区、西南区高标准农田占耕地比例则处于40%~60%之间。到2050年,受耕地比例稳定中略有下降的趋势影响,黄淮海区、长江中下游区、东南区、青藏区高标准农田占耕地比例均达90%以上,东北区、西北区、西南区则处于70%~90%之间。(3)从各省份来看,江西省、浙江省、福建省、广东省等南方省份的高标准农田建设比例较高,而内蒙古自治区、黑龙江省、辽宁省、吉林省、山东省等北方省份的耕地面积保有率较高。研究得到的耕地面积及其保有率、高标准农田面积及其占耕地比例等指标的分省份预测值可以为未来相关部门制定国土空间规划等提供科学依据,也可以为未来耕地布局和农田利用等研究提供分省份的总量参考。

蜂蜡添加量对鱼油凝胶宏观性质及微观结构的影响

鱼油富含高营养价值的ω-3型多不饱和脂肪酸,由于其容易氧化,因此不利于产品的生产和加工。油凝胶具有良好的氧化稳定性、保油性、低脂肪的特点,既满足了降低动物脂肪的需求,又提高了产品品质和营养价值,是高营养、低热量的脂肪替代物。以蜂蜡为凝胶剂,沙丁鱼油作为基础油料制备油凝胶,分析蜂蜡添加量对沙丁鱼鱼油凝胶的外观形态、保油率、质构特性、流变性质及微观结构的影响。结果表明:蜂蜡基鱼油凝胶为β′晶型,添加蜂蜡促使晶体结构的形成,也提高了蜂蜡基鱼油凝胶的保油率、硬度、凝胶强度,且蜂蜡添加量为8%及以上时保油率达到99%。G′不随频率的变化而发生改变,说明蜂蜡基鱼油凝胶是一种强凝胶,静态流变学图像显示该凝胶出现剪切稀化现象。蜂蜡添加量在6%~10%时,蜂蜡基鱼油凝胶与猪油的质构特性与流变行为相似,研究结果为鱼油凝胶替代猪油提供了理论支持。

露天矿排土场土-泥岩混合体渗透特性研究

泥岩作为一种露天矿常见的岩石类型可作为排土场地层重构的隔水材料,利用自制土柱装置,按照正交实验设计原理,开展以土-泥岩混合体中的泥岩掺杂比例、泥岩颗粒度、土柱压实度、灌水量为可变因素的土柱渗透试验,通过观测湿润锋、土柱液面及烧杯积水高度的变化规律,探索土-泥岩混合体渗透速率及涵水率的渗透特性。结果表明,泥岩掺杂比例越高颗粒度越小,压实度越高,整体渗透速率越低,而灌水量越高混合体涵水率越高,此结果对露天矿排土场表层地层重构具有重要的参考价值。

PDCA循环对严重创伤患者在急诊绿色通道滞留时长的影响

目的探讨PDCA循环模式对严重创伤患者在急诊绿色通道滞留时长的应用效果。方法选取在急诊绿色通道接受救治的严重创伤患者285例,将2020年就诊的136例设为对照组,2021年就诊的149例设为研究组。对照组按照医院规范化创伤患者抢救流程进行救治,研究组在对照组基础上实施PDCA循环模式,查找流程的不足,并对抢救流程进行持续改进。比较2组患者滞留时长、患者各项抢救措施完成时间及抢救成功率。结果研究组各项抢救措施完成时长,在急诊绿色通道滞留时长均短于对照组(P<0.001);研究组抢救成功率高于对照组(85.23%比75.00%,P<0.001)。结论采用PDCA循环模式能显著缩短严重创伤患者在急诊绿色通道滞留的时长,并能提高抢救效率。

泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土的制备和性能

碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土是新开发出来不久的混凝土材料,具有高抗拉强度、抗冲击和耐腐蚀等优点,但由于其较小的塌落度,限制了其工程应用。本文试验研究了不同掺量萘系减水剂对泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土塌落度和强度的影响,确定强度等级C30、C40、C50和C60的萘系高效减水剂适宜掺量分别为2.0%、1.2%、1.5%和1.8%。分别研究了掺粉煤灰型和矿渣型泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土基本力学性能及在海水浸泡、淡水浸泡1280 d后的强度保留率并进行机理分析,发现粉煤灰型泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土抗海水腐蚀性较好,适合东部沿海地区应用;随着海水暴露时间的延长,泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土的Df值呈现幂函数的降低关系。本文还对大气中暴露2400 d的钢筋泵送碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土小梁进行观测,未有锈涨现象。本文为碱式硫酸镁水泥混凝土在工程领域的应用具有重大意义。

不同位置及加香水平对加热卷烟释放行为的影响

【目的】探索不同位置及加香水平对加热卷烟释放行为的影响。【方法】通过控制单支加热卷烟香精总量在一定的允差范围内,设计6组薄荷味加热卷烟并考察了烟碱、丙三醇、薄荷醇和N,2,3-三甲基-2-异丙基丁酰胺(WS-23)的释放规律。【结果】(1)对于烟碱和丙三醇,6组加热卷烟中烟碱的释放率和转移率都要大于丙三醇。(2)对于薄荷醇和WS-23,6组加热卷烟的释放率和转移率均存在较大差异,其中1#、2#、5#加热卷烟的释放率和转移率较高。释放率和转移率的波动受加热卷烟各段加香差异的影响。(3)每种成分的释放量均表现出先增大再减小的趋势,其中5#加热卷烟表现出相对较好的稳定性。

左乙拉西坦、拉莫三嗪与丙戊酸单药治疗初诊癫痫患者3年单药保留率及疗效的分析

目的 比较左乙拉西坦(LEV)、拉莫三嗪(LTG)与丙戊酸(VPA)单药治疗新诊断癫痫患者的3年单药保留率及疗效的分析。方法 根据首次选用的抗癫痫药物将323例初诊癫痫患者分为LEV组、LTG组和VPA组,通过电话及门诊对其进行≥3年的随访。结果 LEV组、LTG组、VPA组前三年单药保留率及痫样放电率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与LEV组比较,LTG组第1年、第2年单药保留率显著降低(χ^(2)=6.265,χ^(2)=5.376;均P<0.025),痫样放电率显著升高(χ^(2)=14.011,χ^(2)=8.574;均P<0.025);VPA组第2年、第3年单药保留率显著降低(χ^(2)=6.226,χ^(2)=10.112;均P<0.025),第1年、第2年、第3年痫样放电率显著升高(χ^(2)=11.504,χ^(2)=14.206,χ^(2)=7.596;均P<0.025)。LEV组、LTG组及VPA组单药生存函数曲线及痫样放电生存函数曲线差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.349,P<0.05;χ^(2)=7.395,P<0.05),LEV组单药生存函数曲线明显高于LTG组(χ^(2)=4.451,P<0.05)及VPA组(χ^(2)=9.464,P<0.05),LEV组痫样放电生存函数曲线显著低于VPA组(χ^(2)=7.523,P<0.05)。LEV组、LTG组及VPA组药物有效率、前三年单药无癫痫发作率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。LEV组、LTG组、VPA组药物不良反应发生率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.068,P=0.018)。与LEV组比较,LTG组及VPA组不良反应发生率显著升高(χ^(2)=6.153,P=0.013;χ^(2)=7.109,P=0.008)。LEV组停药、添加药物和换药的主要原因为疗效不满意,LTG组及VPA组为药物不良反应。结论 LEV的3年单药保留率均高于LTG及VPA,且EEG痫样放电率及不良反应发生率均显著降低,比较适合作为初诊癫痫患者单药治疗首选药物。

盘钻法上颌窦内提升牙种植术的10年临床效果回顾分析

目的:分析盘钻法上颌窦内提升牙种植术术后10年种植体周围骨改建情况,并探讨不同因素对种植体存留率的影响。方法:收集青岛大学附属医院口腔种植科2008年1月—2011年12月间,应用盘钻法行上颌窦内提升同期牙种植术患者的临床及影像学资料。应用全景片和CBCT测量不同时期种植体周围的骨量变化,利用SPSS 26.0软件包中的Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank检验法分析不同因素对种植体存留率的影响。结果:共纳入98例患者,合计128颗种植体。随访0~168个月,随访过程中,7颗种植体失败,其余均形成良好的骨结合并行使功能,10年累积存留率达94.53%。获得完整影像学数据的75个种植位点中,术后10年种植体尖端成骨高度(0.29±0.15) mm,窦内成骨高度为(2.74±0.66) mm。Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank检验法分析表明,初始骨高度、提升骨高度、黏膜穿孔、种植体长度、植入扭力、吸烟、糖尿病、牙周炎等8个因素对种植体存留率有显著影响。结论:盘钻法上颌窦内提升牙种植术是解决上颌后牙区垂直骨缺损的一种可靠、稳定的骨增量手术,10年累计存留率不低于94%。初始骨高度、提升骨高度、黏膜穿孔、种植体长度、植入扭力、吸烟、糖尿病、牙周炎等是影响种植体长期存留率的重要因素。

碳系填料环氧树脂导电复合材料老化的电学自监测

为实现环氧树脂导电复合材料老化情况的自监测,在双酚A型环氧树脂中添加不同质量分数的碳纳米管、碳黑、石墨烯,经力学、电学测试,优选出碳纳米管作为优选填料,添加量0.3wt%。之后,对0.3wt%的碳纳米管环氧树脂复合材料进行加速老化实验,用拉伸性能保留率表征老化,并获得了拉伸性能保留率和电阻变化率的关系。

FRP箍筋强度保留率分布模型与可靠性分析

基于文献数据,采用假设检验法,开展纤维增强复合材料(FRP)箍筋强度保留率分布规律研究.通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S)检验对比了Weibull分布、正态分布及对数正态分布这3种模型对FRP箍筋强度保留率的拟合优度.结果表明:当FRP箍筋弯折半径(R)与箍筋直径(D)之比(R/D)在常规范围内(3~5)时,对数正态分布为最优分布模型,据此得到95%和50%保证率下FRP箍筋强度保留率分别不小于32.46%和43.79%;中国、美国、日本和加拿大四国规范保留率预测公式计算结果的保证率仅为24.1%~40.3%,偏于不安全.根据中国FRP纵筋与箍筋的强度保证率要求,当R/D=3、4、5时玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)箍筋强度保留率不小于38.86%、35.68%、46.09%.