Accurately estimating of Retransmission TimeOut (RTO) in Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is crucial for efficient rate control in end nodes and effective interface ranking in intermediate routers. Toward this end, th...Accurately estimating of Retransmission TimeOut (RTO) in Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is crucial for efficient rate control in end nodes and effective interface ranking in intermediate routers. Toward this end, the Jacobson algorithm, which is an Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) on the Round Trip Time (RTT) of previous packets, is a promising scheme. Assigning the lower bound to RTO, determining how an EWMA rapidly adapts to changes, and setting the multiplier of variance RTT have the most impact on the accuracy of this estimator for which several evaluations have been performed to set them in Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks. However, the performance of this estimator in CCN has not been explored yet, despite CCN having a significant architectural difference with TCP/IP networks. In this study, two new metrics for assessing the performance of RTO estimators in CCN are defined and the performance of the Jacobson algorithm in CCN is evaluated. This evaluation is performed by varying the minimum RTO, EWMA parameters, and multiplier of variance RTT against different content popularity distribution gains. The obtained results are used to reconsider the Jacobson algorithm for accurately estimating RTO in CCN. Comparing the performance of the reconsidered Jacobson estimator with the existing solutions shows that it can estimate RTO simply and more accurately without any additional information or computation overhead.展开更多
低速率分布式拒绝服务LDDoS(Low-rate Distributed Denial of Service)攻击是一种新型的DDoS攻击.它利用TCP协议超时重传RTO(Retransmission Time Out)机制,向受害者发送周期性的脉冲(Pulse)攻击.LDDoS平均攻击速率较低,因此它能躲避传...低速率分布式拒绝服务LDDoS(Low-rate Distributed Denial of Service)攻击是一种新型的DDoS攻击.它利用TCP协议超时重传RTO(Retransmission Time Out)机制,向受害者发送周期性的脉冲(Pulse)攻击.LDDoS平均攻击速率较低,因此它能躲避传统的检测方法.本文针对LDDoS攻击提出了一种基于卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波的检测方法,采用一步预测与最优估算的误差值作为检测依据.通过模拟仿真和在实际网络环境中测试,得到89.6%的检测率.实验结果表明本文方法能有效地检测出LDDoS攻击.展开更多
作为广泛使用的网络传输控制协议,TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)在高速移动网络中遇到了新的性能瓶颈。首先由于移动网络中存在随机位错误导致的丢包,而TCP协议不能有效区分这类丢包与拥塞丢包,导致TCP频繁的降低拥塞窗口无法有...作为广泛使用的网络传输控制协议,TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)在高速移动网络中遇到了新的性能瓶颈。首先由于移动网络中存在随机位错误导致的丢包,而TCP协议不能有效区分这类丢包与拥塞丢包,导致TCP频繁的降低拥塞窗口无法有效利用移动网络的带宽资源。其次,高速移动网络的发展使得带宽时延积BDP(Bandwidth-Delay Product)进一步增大,在发生丢包时TCP协议中的流量控制将导致性能瓶颈和易引起重传超时。通过Wireshark工具抓取大量的tracing进行分析,发现重传超时的主要原因是重传数据包再次被丢,而TCP又不能发现丢失原因,因此无法进行再次重传最终导致重传超时。针对这一问题,本文提出的方法 DTOR(Detect Timeout and Retransmission)可以帮助TCP检测到重传数据包再次丢失并触发再次重传,DTOR使网络带宽利用率提升了20%左右。展开更多
文摘Accurately estimating of Retransmission TimeOut (RTO) in Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is crucial for efficient rate control in end nodes and effective interface ranking in intermediate routers. Toward this end, the Jacobson algorithm, which is an Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) on the Round Trip Time (RTT) of previous packets, is a promising scheme. Assigning the lower bound to RTO, determining how an EWMA rapidly adapts to changes, and setting the multiplier of variance RTT have the most impact on the accuracy of this estimator for which several evaluations have been performed to set them in Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks. However, the performance of this estimator in CCN has not been explored yet, despite CCN having a significant architectural difference with TCP/IP networks. In this study, two new metrics for assessing the performance of RTO estimators in CCN are defined and the performance of the Jacobson algorithm in CCN is evaluated. This evaluation is performed by varying the minimum RTO, EWMA parameters, and multiplier of variance RTT against different content popularity distribution gains. The obtained results are used to reconsider the Jacobson algorithm for accurately estimating RTO in CCN. Comparing the performance of the reconsidered Jacobson estimator with the existing solutions shows that it can estimate RTO simply and more accurately without any additional information or computation overhead.
文摘低速率分布式拒绝服务LDDoS(Low-rate Distributed Denial of Service)攻击是一种新型的DDoS攻击.它利用TCP协议超时重传RTO(Retransmission Time Out)机制,向受害者发送周期性的脉冲(Pulse)攻击.LDDoS平均攻击速率较低,因此它能躲避传统的检测方法.本文针对LDDoS攻击提出了一种基于卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波的检测方法,采用一步预测与最优估算的误差值作为检测依据.通过模拟仿真和在实际网络环境中测试,得到89.6%的检测率.实验结果表明本文方法能有效地检测出LDDoS攻击.
文摘作为广泛使用的网络传输控制协议,TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)在高速移动网络中遇到了新的性能瓶颈。首先由于移动网络中存在随机位错误导致的丢包,而TCP协议不能有效区分这类丢包与拥塞丢包,导致TCP频繁的降低拥塞窗口无法有效利用移动网络的带宽资源。其次,高速移动网络的发展使得带宽时延积BDP(Bandwidth-Delay Product)进一步增大,在发生丢包时TCP协议中的流量控制将导致性能瓶颈和易引起重传超时。通过Wireshark工具抓取大量的tracing进行分析,发现重传超时的主要原因是重传数据包再次被丢,而TCP又不能发现丢失原因,因此无法进行再次重传最终导致重传超时。针对这一问题,本文提出的方法 DTOR(Detect Timeout and Retransmission)可以帮助TCP检测到重传数据包再次丢失并触发再次重传,DTOR使网络带宽利用率提升了20%左右。
