The Community Renewal of Shantytown Transformation in Old Industrial Cities:Evidence from Tiexi Worker Village in Shenyang,China

There are many problems,such as poverty,unemployment,poor infrastructure and how to improve the ecological environment,in the shantytowns of old industrial cities.Shantytowns are the most centralized areas with different contradictions,referred to as the‘problem areas’of urban sustainable development.The shantytown transformation of old industrial cities is a typical process of unit community disintegration,which is reflected not only in the reconstruction of physical space but also in the community renewal of social spatial integration and culture reconstruction.Based on qualitative research,questionnaires and in-depth interviews,taking Tiexi Worker Village in Shenyang as a research case,this paper attempts to analyse the characteristics and driving forces of the community renewal of shantytown transformation in old industrial cities.We found that the physical space of Tiexi Worker Village has changed considerably,which is embodied in its land use structure,living environment and community service facilities,reflecting the development of community function from simple industrial function to comprehensive functions.The residents in this community have experienced a transformation from a period of homogeneity to one of heterogeneity.The social network of the community has been destroyed.Social stratification,social differentiation and higher fluidity have occurred.Community renewal is mainly affected by macro factors such as policy regulation,economic driving,condition constraints,and micro factors such as residents’choice of living space and willingness to renew their communities.The transformation policy of the old industrial zone and the development policy of the new urban area are the fundamental and deep-seated reasons for the renewal of Tiexi Worker Village,which determine the direction of the renewal and development of the community.The paid use of land and the development of the real estate industry are the direct stimulating factors for the renewal of Tiexi Worker Village,which become the direct reasons for the spatial transformation.The changes in the population in urban and rural areas and the promotion of traffic are the driving factors for the renewal of the community,while the choice of residents and their willingness regarding community renewal are the endogenous forces for promoting community renewal.Finally,the author attempts to put forward a model of the interlaced mechanism of the forming of community renewal at the macroscopic and microcosmic levels,which are the urban renewal and reconstruction and social space differentiation of community residents,respectively.

Investigation of Village Greening in the New Countryside Construction of Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province

On the basis of field investigation in 13 typical villages in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, and questionnaire survey over 45 local residents, this paper analyzed rural production and living environment, greening conditions, and villagers' consciousness about greening in the local area, and proposed 5 major principles for village greening: government plays the leading role, rural households are subjects; adopt unifi ed planning and coordinated development; choose suitable species for suitable land according to actual conditions; put ecology on the top priority, balance economic and ecological development; facilitate operation and management. In addition, the paper highlighted 5 characters in village greening, namely, cultural, ecological, practical, concise, and lifeconcerned.

Problems of Spaces in Urban Villages and Optimization Strategies Based on the Concept of Healthy City:A Case Study of Luotuo Lane in Lanzhou City,Gansu Province

Urban villages are closely related to residents’health as the built-up areas for their living activities.Taking Luotuo Lane in Qilihe District,Lanzhou City,Gansu Province for example,this paper based on the concept of healthy city analyzed the study area mainly from the perspectives of fundamental research,influence factors,status quo investigation,and problem analysis,so as to put forward the optimization strategies.

Survey on Farming Culture of Ancient Villages and Tourism Development: A Case Study of Hongjiang City in Hunan Province

The origin of human civilization is based on agriculture and settlement,and the ancient villages preserved up to now can be rated as " museum and historical library of rural lifestyle and rural culture",which are of important historical and cultural value. Through the field survey of farming culture resources of ancient villages in Hongjiang City of Hunan Province,this article classifies and evaluates the farming culture and ancient village resources,and sets forth the following recommendations for the development of ancient village tourism: strengthening the product differentiation development; focusing on the cultivation and integration of resources; enhancing the village environmental remediation.

Research on Budding "Villages in Cities" during Urbanization Process in Lanzhou City of China——A Case Study of Chaijiahe Village,China

By introducing the theory of suburb urbanization,it was considered that budding villages in cities emerged with the close relation between city and suburb during rapid urbanization process.The paper had briefly analyzed development of villages in cities in China.By taking villages in Lanzhou City for example,it had studied geological location,appearance,spatial structure,economy and demographic feature of budding villages in cities.Furthermore,with Chaijiahe Village of Xiguoyuan Town as case study,empirical study had been conducted and development thought of Chaijiahe Village as budding village in city had been discussed.It emphasized that it should control the development scale of villages,economically and intensively utilize lands;develop industrialized high-efficiency agriculture and leisure agriculture,develop lily economy and explore the potential of characteristic industries;realize integration of urban and rural development;strive to develop education,improve villages' quality and cultivate villagers of new generation who possessed pioneering spirit and modern agriculture technology.On this basis,it summarized approaches to realize sustainable development of budding villages in cities.

Evaluation of Urban Village Renovation System in Xi’an City of China Based on Brittleness Analysis

Renovation system of urban villages in Xi'an City was evaluated. Influence factors of urban village renovation were analyzed on the basis of brittleness theory, and an evaluation index system established through multi-level inconsistency decomposing. By incorporating the catastrophe theory with fuzzy mathematical theory, the mathematic model was created, and catastrophe membership function was obtained as well as evaluation results. Policies for the renovation of urban villages and new direction of the renovation were interpreted. The application case proved that catastrophe progression method was objective and effective and it could provide new concepts for the evaluation and adjustment of urban village renovation. Moreover, application of brittleness theory in the research on urban village renovation is of great instruction and reference value for the present urban construction.

Hollow Villages and Rural Restructuring in Major Rural Regions of China: A Case Study of Yucheng City, Shandong Province

The agricultural land resources of China are relatively limited because of its large population.Therefore,balancing the land use for industrialization,urbanization,and food security is a big challenge.In recent years,rural hollowing in China has resulted in numerous of abandoned rural houses,and the areas with abandoned houses need to be restored into agricultural land with effective land consolidation techniques.This study used the method of benefit-cost analysis and the data collected through field surveys conducted in Yucheng City in the northwest of Shandong Province in March 2009,to examine how hollow villages (HVs) to be created and how to solve the problem.The qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate following results.1) The situation of HVs is becoming increasingly severe under rapid industrialization and urbanization in Yucheng City.2) Poor infrastructure in rural areas and incomplete urbanization are the main factors that have led to the rural hollowing in many major rural regions of China.3) In order to resolve the problem caused by HVs and increase agricultural land,reconstructing rural communities in the countryside is necessary.4) A new mechanism in the provision of compensation funds by developed regions to the villages in less-developed regions must be established.

Analysis of Types and Changes of Village-level Economy in Rural Gongyi City, Henan Province Since 1990

Based on the research on the rural living standard in China in terms of annual net income per capita, we de-fine six types of village-level economy, i.e. "to be extremely poor", "to make a basic living", "to dress warmly and eat one's fill", "to try to enrich (to disengage poverty)", "to be well-off" and "to be affluent". The data of average annual net income of all the 292 villages between 1990 and 2004 in rural Gongyi City, Henan Province were collected, veri-fied and classified. By using standard deviation, coefficient of variation and regression analysis, it is found that the Gongyi's rural economy has boosted up remarkably from the relative-poverty and absolute-poverty stages in 1990 to the well-off in 2004. However, the absolute differences between villages present a trend of enlargement, while the rela-tive differences fluctuating. On the other hand, spatial analysis of village-level economy shows that most villages with relatively high economic development level were located along national expressway and most villages with abso-lute-poverty lay in remote mountainous areas in 1990. Since the 1990s, the rapid urbanization and industrialization have had strongly positive effects on rural economic growth. Initial economic foundation, natural resources and tradi-tional techniques also contribute to village economy. From the perspective of geography, villages with location advan-tages, such as near urban center or industrial parks, have more chances for their economic development and the "core-periphery" economic structure has been presented in the process of rural development.

Circular Economy in New Village Construction——A Case of Qinhuangdao City, China

On the strength of the theory of agricultural circular economy, the mutual relation between the development of agricultural circular economy and new village construction is analyzed. The results show that developing agricultural circular economy and constructing new village is the mutual promotion; realizing agricultural circular economy is the main target of new agricultural construction and developing agricultural circular economy is the way of realizing new village construction. The major problems in the development of agricultural circular economy in Qinhuangdao City are pointed out, covering weak ideological foundation of developing agricultural circular economy; inadequate directions from the government and insufficient technical and financial support. The countermeasures on developing agricultural circular economy in new village construction are put forward, including cultivating people's awareness on circular economy; establishing the law and regulation system of agricultural circular economy; intensifying the technical and model innovation of agricultural circular economy and accelerating the maketization pace of agro-products.

Implementation and Development of Village Merging in Zhucheng City

This article introduces the status quo of implementation of village merging in Zhucheng City of Shandong Province.Owing to thoroughness and originality,the village merging of Zhucheng City has created " Zhucheng Model" and disseminated " Zhucheng experience".By comparing part of annual values concerning the process of rural communitization in Zhucheng City,we use SWOT analysis method to objectively obtain strength,weakness,opportunity and risk of village merging in Zhucheng City,and offer corresponding SO,WO,ST,WT countermeasures.Finally,some proposals are put forward for future work of village merging in Zhucheng City as follows:grasp opportunity to undergird merger achievement;improve the drawback to beef up merger achievement;monitor risk to maintain merger achievement;eliminate hidden trouble to safeguard merger achievement.

The Development of the Deprived Urban and Rural Areas, Ingrained with the Tourist Attractions (with an Emphasis on the Silk Road)

Around the year 140 BC the Evo, the famous imperial Han Dynasty took power in China and then sent some representatives to the western land in order to communicate with the West in addition to know the political, military, geographical, economic and cultural situations of that region, it provides the basis for opening the way to the West. In this regard, they traveled to Iran and accordingly the formal relations were established between the Iranian and the Western governments and finally the Silk Road with a distance of about 8000 km has been emerged and started from the East and ended to Mediterranean Sea in the West. The aim of this study is to show that the Silk Road links throughout the world and its people together in thousands of years and the countries, cities and villages located in this road have been affected by developments or had affected and vivifying of it will lead to develop of the deprived urban and rural areas according to the abundant tourist attractions. This study which has used the historical and analytical method with practical purpose shows that cultural, scientific, religious and commercial exchanges between East and West were wide and many cities and villages were profiting of this gift. In this regard, vivifying of this road will lead to grow the underserved urban and rural areas according to many tourist attractions of the cities and villages.

Knowledge &Utilization of Long Lasting Impregnated Nets among Housewives in Al Moneera City and Al Koozi Villages, Hodieda Governorate, Republic of Yemen 2007

Malaria is considered as one of the main health problem in the Republic of Yemen. In February 2006 National Malaria Control Program started freely distribution of Long Lasting Impregnated Nets (LLINs) for vulnerable groups to malaria infection (pregnant women and children under 5 years). After one year of distribution, there is a need to measure the use rate among vulnerable groups and explore factors affecting their use. The aim of the study was to investigate the use rate of long lasting impregnated nets among children under five years and pregnant women in Al Moneera city and Al Koozi villages of Hodieda governorate. Methodology: Cross section study with multistage sample, Random selection of one urban and one rural locality. 768 housewives were interviewed, proportionally allocated sample according to the number of vulnerable groups in each locality. Systematic random sample to select households. Results: The use rate of LLINs for vulnerable groups was 74.3% CI (71.2 - 77.4). There was no statistically significant association between the use of LLINs and residence, also with ages of housewives, occupation, type of house, but there is strong statistically significant association between use of LLINs and having correct information about how to use and to take care of them P value < 0.001, also with educational status of housewives;P value 0.03 and educational status of fathers;P value 0.01. (84%) have correct information about how to use and take care of LLINs and the main source of information was health workers who distributed them. Only 13.4% realized pregnant women as a vulnerable group to malaria infection while about 77.9% realized children as a vulnerable group to malaria infection. The main reason of LLINs use (84.8%) was protection from nuisance of insects. Conclusion and recommendations: There is shortage in the information about the protective effect of LLINs from malaria infection and the main reason of using them is protection from nuisance of insects. There is a need to increase health awareness about the role of LLINs in malaria prevention.

Fringe View: Problems and Construction of Human Settlement Environment for "Village-in-City"

The construction of human settlement environment is one of the important contents in the domain of sustainable development. We try to annotate human settlement environment for "village- in-city" from the angle of fringe view. According to the macro-system thought of human settlement environment science, the evolvement, which can be generalized into four phases, connotation and problems (including social, economic, and environmental problems) of "village-in-city" are discussed primarily in this paper. Some domestic and international researches and practices are also summarized and assessed in the paper. Based on the analysis, some appropriate clues and suggestions for the construction of "village-in-city" have been put forward.

From Prosperity to Disappearance:Social and Spatial Transformation of Shuangqiao Village in the City of Ningbo,China

In the process of gradual transitioning from a planned economy to a market economy, villages in China have experienced dramatic social and spatial transformation. However, among the abundant literature of the formation and regeneration strategies of urban villages, few of them are on the complete life cycle of an urban village. In order to provide a case for better understanding the social and spatial transformation in China's urban villages, with the help of fieldwork and government statistics, this paper examines the social and spatial dynamics of the Shuangqiao Village in China's Ningbo City. The study includes its prosperity, resulting from studentification, and its disappearance, stemming from urban regeneration, both from a perspective of a complete life cycle analysis. In light of this case study, the paper in the end proposes possible planning measures for urban regeneration.

基于City Engine的村镇规划三维情景自动化建模途径探索

村镇建设是我国社会经济发展重要组成,但村镇规划具有规模小成本约束强特点,因此传统的基于图纸和专业三维建模型的城市规划不适合村镇规划。City Engine是专业三维规划软件,可以直接利用GIS数据快速创建三维规划场景。该文提出一种基于City Engine的村镇规划三维情景自动化建模方式,它包括数据规则建立和自动化脚本编写两个环节。实验表明,该方法可以快速而且低成本,对村镇规划中的建筑群体和自然景观进行三维建模,对项目构成了很好的支持。

基于优化TOPSIS法的德州市美丽乡村建设评价研究

乡村振兴战略的提出为区域美丽乡村建设带来了重大机遇。以2010—2016年德州市发展数据为基础,构建德州市美丽乡村建设评价指标体系,采用优化的TOPSIS评价分析模型对德州市美丽乡村建设进行评价分析,并提出了初步的发展建议。

Exploration on the Crowdfunding Mode of Rural Memory Project

In the past decades of industrialization and urbanization,a plenty of Chinese villages have passed out of existence.The amount of the existing ancient villages in China only accounts for 1.9% of the amount of Chinese administrative villages.Chinese traditional villages include tangible cultural heritage like traditional residential architecture and cultural relics,as well as intangible cultural heritage like folk customs and handcraft,which are of extremely important values and demand proper conservation immediately."Rural Memory Project" is not only a carrier project of "memorizing nostalgia" and "retaining passion for home",but also the original protection project of tangible cultural heritage like rural historic streets and traditional resident courtyard,as well as intangible cultural heritage like production and living customs.At present,"Rural Memory" Project launched by Shandong province was primarily funded by the government sectors whose investment was far from sufficient for the great appetite of the project,thus massive social capital has to be absorbed to ensure a sustainable implementation of the project.Featured with low threshold,strong inclusivity and stable mass basis,crowdfunding which could adapt to the characteristics of the current "Rural Memory" Project is regarded as a feasible fund-raising channel.In the exploration of crowdfunding mode,the authorities could focus on establishing a specialized crowdfunding platform for Rural Memory Project,select proper crowdfunding mode according to the characteristics of the project,adhere to the macro orientation and policy of the government,and commit themselves to dissolving the institutional constraints in crowdfunding.

基于SNA的城市周边乡村公共空间精准优化研究——以白鹿原地区车村为例

针对城市周边乡村公共空间布局形态与村民需求不匹配的现状,提出“两模型三层级”的乡村公共空间精准优化方法。以西安周边乡村-车村为研究对象,运用社会网络分析法(SNA)构建车村公共空间双层网络模型,即:物质网络模型与村民行为网络模型(两模型)。从“聚落-片区-单点”3个层级(三层级)设计衡量公共空间网络结构特征的相关指标,并通过双层网络模型指标的对比分析,精准定位车村公共空间需要优化提升的要素。最后,基于“社会-空间”互动逻辑,以空间布局形态与村民需求匹配为导向,从聚落布局优化、片区派系完善、单点品质提升三方面提出精准优化策略。

Non-professional Agricultural Production Villages Establishing a New Rural Cooperative

The article analyzes problems in the agricultural development of non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City.Firstly,low technical and scientific content of production and low standardization level.Secondly,scattered sales and non-fixed marketing channels.Thirdly,difficulties in group cooperation of farm crops with special benefits.Fourthly,imperfect service of rural committees of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City.A new rural cooperative is to be founded to help villagers in non-professional agricultural production villages of Fenghua City to be engaged in agricultural production and management activities,and to improve their overall incomes.On the one hand,a perfect and scientific cooperative operating system is to be built specifically including three functions.Firstly,fully playing the leading and bridging role of rural primary organizations.Secondly,fully carrying out the pushing role of capable persons in the administrative village.Lastly,fully playing the role of active participation and cooperation of villagers.On the other hand,constructions of normalization,standardization and brand orientation with special emphasis should be achieved under the guidance of local governments.The key of building a cooperative of non-professional agricultural production villages in Fenghua City is discussed.One is that rural cadres should have strong awareness of serving the people.The other is that governments at all levels should energetically support the establishment and management of rural cooperatives.

郑州浅山区村落街巷微气候影响机制分析

【目的】探究村落街巷空间微气候的影响因素与调节机制,创造更加舒适的夏季微气候环境,减少能源消耗,提升农村居民生活品质。【方法】以郑州市浅山区典型村落的90个街巷样地为研究对象,通过实地调研和无人机测绘等方式采集数据,利用ENVI-met软件建立样地实况模型对微气候参数进行模拟,借助统计学分析方法探究街巷高宽比、街巷走向、植被覆盖度3项要素与街巷微气候的影响机制。【结果】1)高宽比(height-width ratio,H/W)主要通过降低平均太阳辐射温度(mean radiant temperature,MRT)来调节夏季街巷空间的微气候;植被覆盖度(fractional vegetation cover,FAC)主要通过增加相对湿度进而调节夏季街巷空间的微气候;而空气温度(air temperature,TA)、相对湿度(relative humidity,RH)、平均太阳辐射温度均会受到街巷走向的影响;2)通过极差分析可得,当高宽比达到1.1后,即可有效缩短街巷处于“极端”热应激等级的时间;3)在村内单位面积植被覆盖度≥10%时,通过和街巷高宽比结合设计的方式可最大程度地发挥植被增湿降温作用;4)南北走向(North-South direction,N-S)的街巷内夏季的空气温度、相对湿度、平均太阳辐射温度均优于东西走向(East-West direction,E-W)。【结论】街巷高宽比、街巷走向、植被覆盖度对郑州浅山区村落街巷微气候的影响机制各不相同,三者之间具有一定的关联性且存在最佳阈值。可从微气候的角度对村落街巷空间进行改造和设计,提升乡村人居环境品质的规划设计策略,为相同地理环境下的村落改造提供参考借鉴。