Rapid Detection of Rifampin-resistant Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Reverse Dot Blot Hybridization

Objective A PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization （RDBH） assay was developed for rapid detection of rpoB gene mutations in ＇hot mutation region＇ of Mycobacterium tuberculosis （M. tuberculosis）. Methods 12 oligonucleotide probes based on the wild-type and mutant genotype rpoB sequences of M. tuberculosis were designed to screen the most frequent wild-type and mutant genotypes for diagnosing RIF resistance. 300 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were detected by RDBH, conventional drug-susceptibility testing （DST） and DNA sequencing to evaluate the RDBH assay. Results The sensitivity and specificity of the RDBH assay were 91.2% （165/181） and 98.3% （117/119）, respectively, as compared to DST. When compared with DNA sequencing, the accuracy, positive predictive value （PPV） and negative predictive value （NPV） of the RDBH assay were 97.7% （293/300）, 98.2% （164/167）, and 97.0% （129/133）, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicated that the most common mutations were in codons 531 （48.6%）, 526 （25.4%）, 516 （8.8%）, and 511 （6.6%）, and the combinative mutation rate was 15 （8.3%）. One and two strains of insertion and deletion were found among all strains, respectively. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the RDBH assay is a rapid, simple and sensitive method for diagnosing RIF-resistant tuberculosis.

Comparison of the Tellgenplex HPV DNA test with the PCR-reverse dot blot assay for human papillomavirus genotyping

Objective: To access the performance of the Tellgenplex human papillomavirus(HPV) DNA test compared to the polymerase chain reaction-reverse dot blot(PCR-RDB) assay for the HPV genotyping.Methods: Sixty cervical swab samples were genotyped by the Tellgenplex HPV DNA test and the PCR-RDB assay.The Tellgenplex HPV DNA test and the PCR-RDB assay can detect 26 and 23 HPV genotypes, respectively.Each sample showed discrepancy was genotyped using sequencing.Results: The percent agreement between the two tests ranged from 83.3% to 100.0% according to different genotype.This showed perfect agreement(>0.81) for high-risk HPV genotypes(35, 39, 45, 53, 56, 59, 66, 68, and 82), substantial agreement(>0.65) for high-risk HPV genotypes(16, 18, 33, 52, and 58) and low-risk HPV genotype 43 between the two assays by the kappa analysis.The positive rates of the two assays for frequent HPV genotypes(16, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 58, 59, 66, and 82) were not statistically different, but the PCR-RDB assay showed higher positive rates than the Tellgenplex HPV DNA test for HPV genotypes 81(P<0.05).As for more than 10 positive results by the Tellgenplex HPV DNA test and/or the PCR-RDB assay, the PCR-RDB assay showed higher relative sensitivity and specificity than the Tellgenplex HPV DNA test for the three HPV genotypes(16, 52, and 81).All HPV genotypes that can be detected by only the Tellgenplex HPV DNA test(HPV genotypes 44 and 55) were confirmed by sequencing.Conclusions: In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the PCR-RDB assay which can detect more multiple HPV genotypes in each specimen shows higher relative sensitivity and specificity than the Tellgenplex HPV DNA test, which makes it a better option for routine clinical use.

A rapid reverse dot blot assay for all 18 β-thalassemia mutations in Chinese population

A set of allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes used for detecting all 18 β-tha-lassemia mutations found in Chinese was immobilized on two strips of Biodyne C membrane;one containing 7 pairs of oligonucleotide probes specific for the most commonly found mutant al-leles,and the other containing the remaining 11 pairs of ASO_s specific for the less commonlyfound.The membranes were hybridized with β-globin sequences amplified by polymerase chainreaction (PCR) with biotinylated primers,and then treated with Streptavidin-POD conjugateand substrates for color development.The method has been applied successfully to the detectionof all 18 Chinese β-thalassemia mutations and prenatal diagnosis of two high-risk pregnancies ofβ-thalassemia.Patients with homozygous,heterozygous and compound heterozygous alleles ofthese mutations and normal individuals could be easily distinguished by the present method.Us-ing the immobilized-probe format (reverse dot blot),it was able to screen simultaneously multi-ple β-thalassemia mutations of a DNA sample by performing hybridization only once.This assayis simple,rapid and independent of radio-isotopes and can be appplied for all 18 β-thalassemiamutations so far found in Chinese population.It is considered that this method may be usefulfor gene frequency investigation of large numbers of β-thalassemia DNA samples and used as aroutine method in the clinic laboratory.

单管多重PCR结合RDB技术在α-地贫产前诊断中的应用

目的基因诊断结果在α-地贫的产前诊断中具有决定意义。采取两种不同技术原理的方法验证产前诊断结果,是保证产前诊断结果可靠性的基本要求。本文探讨检测常见非缺失型α-地贫的RDB技术作为单管多重PCR技术产前诊断α-地贫验证方法的可行性。方法采用双盲法,对73例α-地贫产前诊断的标本分别采用针对中国人3种常见缺失型α-地贫突变的单管多重gap-PCR技术和针对常见3种非缺失α-地贫点突变的RDB法进行分析,根据单管多重PCR技术扩增产物电泳图谱和RDB膜条上显色的斑点分别判断某一个标本缺失型和非缺失α-地贫的突变类型,且与引产或出生后胎儿脐带血中HbBart′s定量结果进行比对。结果单管多重PCR和RDB技术均能分别准确检出常见缺失型和非缺失型α-地贫各种突变类型。如将两者结合分析,还能提供相互佐证的重要信息:对于--SEA、-α3.7和-α4.2自身或相互组合的各种基因型标本,其RDB膜条的杂交斑点均不显色;而--SEA与αCSα、αQSα和αWSα组合的基因型标本该突变的正常对照点不显色。α-地贫产前诊断结果与胎儿脐带血电泳结果完全吻合。结论单管多重PCR结合RDB技术同时应用于α-地贫的基因诊断,可保证产前诊断的可靠性,值得在临床遗传诊断实验室中推广应用。

实时PCR和PCR-RDB法检测人乳头瘤病毒的比对研究

目的：比较实时 PCR 法和 PCR-反向点杂交法（PCR-RDB）检测 HPV 的一致性。方法收集109份女性生殖道样本，利用实时 PCR 法和 PCR-RDB 法分别检测 HPV 感染和基因型分布情况，不一致样本采用 PCR-悬浮芯片杂交法复检。结果83.5％（91／109）的样本两种方法结果一致（kappa＝0.671），18例不一致样本 PCR-悬浮芯片杂交法复检显示7例与实时 PCR相符，11例与 PCR-RDB 相符；高、低病毒载量组间 PCR-RDB 法的检测结果差异无统计学意义（χ2＝1.476，P ＝0.224）。结论实时 PCR 和 PCR-RDB 两法用于 HPV 检测一致性一般；HPV 病毒载量在103～108范围内时 PCR-RDB 法的阳性率较稳定。

应用PCR-RDB杂交技术检测人类乳头瘤病毒基因型的临床意义

目的采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和反向斑点杂交(RDB)技术检测西安地区人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染流行状态和HPV基因型分布特征。方法共收集266例脱落细胞标本,其中尖锐湿疣86例、宫颈上皮内瘤变144例、宫颈癌36例,应用PCR-RDB杂交技术进行23种HPV基因型分型检测。结果全部标本HPV总阳性率为71.43%(190/266),宫颈癌HPV阳性率明显高于其他疾病,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.297,P<0.05);HPV阳性标本基因分型全部成功,HPV16型为主要感染基因型,其次为HPV18、6、11型;单基因型总感染率91.58%(174/190),多基因型总感染率8.42%(16/190)。不同疾病单基因型感染和多基因型感染构成比差异无统计意义(χ2=0.3511,P>0.05)。结论 HPV16型是西安地区主要感染基因型,应用PCR-RBD技术检测HPV基因型对HPV感染的防治具有一定临床意义。

人乳头状瘤病毒亚型PCR/RDB基因分析方法的建立及初步评价

目的建立一种基于PCR和RDB技术的临床实用、价格低廉、能对目前已知的绝大多数高危型及常见的低危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)进行基因分型的检测方法(PCR/RDB法),并对该方法用于HPV分型检测做出方法学评价。方法根据HPV基因序列设计可扩增包含目前常见的HPV型别的通用引物,并根据14种HPV高危亚型(16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、56、58、59、66、68)和7种低危亚型(6、11、42、43、44、53、CP8304)的序列特点设计针对这21种HPV型别的型特异性探针。21种HPV亚型标准毒株PCR产物与HPV型特异性探针进行杂交,建立一次性对21种HPV亚型进行分型的PCR/RDB检测方法。将PCR/RDB法用于213例经杂交捕获法(hybird capture,HCⅡ)检测为高危型HPV阳性样本的HPV型别诊断。结果建立的PCR/RDB法均能鉴定出21种HPV亚型,无假阳性和假阴性结果,未出现交叉反应;含有相当于10个以上HPV分子的质粒标准品均能成功获得PCR产物检测的阳性结果;盲法分析结果显示,195例经HCⅡ法检测为高危型HPV阳性的样品被PCR/RDB检测出具体的HPV型别,共检测出13种高危型HPV亚型,检出率分别是32.31%(16型)、23.08%(52型)、17.95%(58型)、11.79%(31型)、10.26%(68型)、9.74%(33型)、8.21%(18型)、6.15%(66型)、3.08%(59型)、2.05%(45型)、2.05%(39型)、1.54%(56型)、1.03%(51型)。单一HPV亚型感染及2种、3种和4种HPV亚型混合感染构成比分别为59.46%、30.81%、8.65%和1.08%。18例未能检测出HPV的具体型别,PCR/RDB法与HCⅡ法的高危型HPV检测结果的符合率为91.5%(195/213)。结论PCR/RDB法与HCⅡ法高危型HPV检测阳性符合率高,并可一次性分析出21种HPV型别,是一种准确、高效、经济的HPV型别检测方法,可用于HPV的常规基因型分型诊断及人群筛查。

Reverse Dot Blot Analysis: A Rapid Prenatal Diagnostic Approach for β-thalassemia Mutations in Chinese

The recently developed method of in vitro DNA amplification by PCR coupled with radioactive or nonradioactive ASO probe detection provides a simple approach to the prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia. However, the DNA diagnosis of β-thalassemia has remained a complicated problem,because β-thalassemia

Accuracy of a reverse dot blot hybridization assay for simultaneous detection of the resistance of four anti-tuberculosis drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from China

Background:Drug resistant tuberculosis poses a great challenge for tuberculosis control worldwide.Timely determination of drug resistance and effective individual treatment are essential for blocking the transmission of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.We aimed to establish and evaluate the accuracy of a reverse dot blot hybridization(RDBH)assay to simultaneously detect the resistance of four anti-tuberculosis drugs in M tuberculosis isolated in China.Methods:In this study,we applied a RDBH assay to simultaneously detect the resistance of rifampicin(RIF),isoniazid(INH),streptomycin(SM)and ethambutol(EMB)in 320 clinical M.tuberculosis isolates and compared the results to that from phenotypic drug susceptibility testing(DST) and sequencing.The RDBH assay was designed to test up to 42 samples at a time.Pearson's chi-square test was used to compute the statistical measures of the RDBH assay using the phenotypic DST or sequencing as the gold standard method,and Kappa identity test was used to determine the consistency between the RDBH assay and the phenotypic DST or sequencing.Results:The results showed that the concordances between phenotypic DST and RDBH assay were 95%for RIF,92.8%for INH,84.7%for SM,77.2%for EMB and the concordances between sequencing and RDBH assay were 97.8%for RIF,98.8%for INH,99.1%for SM,93.4%for EMB.Compared to the phenotypic DST results,the sensitivity and specificity of the RDBH assay for resistance detection were 92.4 and 98.5%for RIF,90.3 and 97.3%for INH,77.4 and 91.5%for SM,61.4 and 85.7%for EMB,respeaively;compared to sequencing,the sensitivity and specificity of the RDBH assay were 97.7 and 97.9%for RIF,97.9 and 100.0% for INH,97.8 and 1OO.O% for SM,82.6 and 99.1%for EMB,respectively.The turnaround time of the RDBH assay was 7 h for testing 42 samples.Conclusions:Our data suggested that the RDBH assay could serve as a rapid and efficient method for testing the resistance of M. tuberculosis against RIF,INH,SM and EMB,enabling early administration of appropriate treatment regimens to the affected drug resistant tuberculosis patients.

Carrier Screening and Prenatal Gene Diagnosis of β-thalassemia by PCR-RDB Technique

In order to identify the distribution of gene types of β-thalassemia and reduce the birthrates of β-thalassemia major in Guiyang area, 1054 pregnant women and their spouses from Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang Medical College were screened. The positive samples were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction and reverse dot blot method (PCR-RDB). When both partners were heterozygous identified as carriers for β- thalassemia, the risk of having a fetus who was homozygous or compound heterozygous was 2.66 %; the ratio of male to female was 1/1.15. Seven types of mutation were identified. CD17 and CD41-42 were dominant among them. Among the 4 cases subject to prenatal gene diagnosis, one fetus was completely normal and 3 fetuses were diagnosed as having β-thalassemia major (1 homozygous and 2 compound heterozygous). The fetuses diagnosed as β-thalassemia major were selectively terminated within two weeks. It was concluded that the birthrate of β-thalassemia major in Guiyang area was reduced and the target of improving birth outcome and child development has been achieved.

PCR—RDB判断HPV分型在宫颈癌的早期诊断价值

目的：通过对人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）分型采用PCR-反向点杂交法（PCR—RDB）进行检测，探析该法在宫颈癌（SCC）的早期诊断中的临床价值。方法：分析2013年6月至2015年6月在我院门诊部就诊的166例SCC患者的临床资料。根据检测方式的不同将入选者分成观察组（HPV分型联合TCT检测，166例）和对照组（TCT检测，166例）两组。比较不同检测方案的检测结果以及两组患者的检测结果。结果：HPV阳性检出率为33．1％（55／166）：TCT的阳性检出率为30．1％（50／166），116例TCT阴性患者中HPV阴性者97例，阳性者19例，HPV阳性率是16．4％；50例TCT阳性病例中HPV阴性者18例，阳性者36例，HPV阳性率是72．0％。病理检测的阳性率为21．7％（36／166），其中HPV阳性患者31例，阴性患者5例，即HPV阳性率是86．1％。观察组的特异度为97．0％（128／132），灵敏度为88．6％（31／35），Youden指数是0．856；对照组特异度92．2％（107／116），灵敏度为49．0％（25／51）。Youden指数是0．412。观察组的真阴性和真阳性结果均比对照组优秀，差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论：HPV分型采用PCR-反向点杂交法检测可以使TCT检测的特异度和灵敏度显著提升，对早期诊断SCC有重要意义。

Detectingβ-thalassaemia mutations from a single cell by PEP and RDB

Objective :To evaluate the possibility of the technology involving PEP and RDB for detectingβ-thalassaemia multipoint mutations from a single cell simultaneously. Methods: A set of allele specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes used for detecting 8 familiarβ-thalassaemia mutations (CD41-42. IVS-Ⅱ-654, CD17, TATA box nt-28, CD71-72, TATA box nt-29, CD26, IVS-Ⅰ-5) were immobilized on a strip of nylon membrane. The genome of a individual cell was amplified by primer extension preamplification (PEP) with the mixture of 15-base random oligonucleotides. The aliquots from PEP were used to amplify the objective gene fractions ofβ-thalassaemia gene by nested or semi-nested PCR. The membrane was hybridized with the final amplified products and then treated with Streptavidin-HRP and color development. Results:Totally 30 lymphocytes were picked up from blood samples of 1 healthy female and 4 patients with knownβ-thalassaemia mutations respectively. Each single lymphocyte was lysed in the proteinase K buffer. The amplification efficacy was 94. 0% and alle drop-out (ADO) rate was 8. 0%. Revert dot blot (RDB) was applied to the final amplified products from the 5 participants. The results of diagnosis were the same to the expected, and their genotypes were N/N, CD17(A→T)/N, IVS-Ⅱ-654(C→T)/CD17(A→T), CD41-42(-CTTT)/N and TATA box nt-28(A→G)/N, respectively. Conclusion: The technology involving PEP and RDB could detect multipleβ-thalassaemia mutations from a single cell simultaneously, and the research provides experimental evidences for the feasibility of applying PEP and DNA array technology to screening multiple genetic mutations from a single cell, and will be applied to preimplantation genetic diagnosis and non-invasive prenatal diagnosis forβ-thalassaemia.

某地区女性HPV感染情况及分型分析

目的调查分析山西地区女性HPV的感染情况和常见感染类型,以及不同年龄组中HPV感染的大体情况。从而为该地区宫颈癌的预防、早期诊断和治疗等提供流行病学参考。方法选取送检于太原金域医学检验中心的7030例女性宫颈脱落细胞样本,进行23种HPV基因分型检测。结果7030例样本中共检测出1406例阳性标本,总阳性率为20%。高危型HPV(HR-HPV)共检出1509例(15.06%),低危型HPV(LR-HPV)共检出347例(4.94%)。HR-HPV各亚型检出率从高到低排前五位的分别为HPV52(3.81%)、HPV16(3.29%)、HPV53(2.35%)、HPV58(2.02%)、HPV56(1.59%)和HPV51(1.51%);LR-HPV感染型主要以HPV81(1.35%)、HPV43(1.17%)和HPV42(1.14%)为主。单一亚型的感染率最高为13.90%,双重感染率为3.54%,三重感染率为1.10%,多重感染率为0.50%。HPV检出率最高的是>60~70岁年龄段的女性人群(64.29%),其次为≤20岁的女性人群(54.55%)。结论山西地区女性人群HPV感染率较高,高危型HPV感染占主导位置。HPV感染高发年龄人群应加强宫颈病变的筛查意识,重视HPV的定期复查,以早期发现和预防宫颈癌。

少数民族β-地中海贫血基因突变型分布特点

目的 了解 β-地中海贫血在贵州省苗族、水族、瑶族中的基因突变型特点、基因型频率及分布规律。 方法 采用“红细胞休克 -管定量法”测定红细胞脆性 ,HbF和HbA2定量等方法对人群进行 β -地中海贫血初筛 ,用常规酚 -氯仿抽提法提取 β地中海贫血携带者DNA ,经PCR -反向点杂交法对β株蛋白进行突变基因分析。 结果 受检 2 5 6 6人中 ,共检出 134例 β -地中海贫血携带者 ,总检出率为 5 2 2 % ,其中苗族、水族、瑶族检出率分别为 4 72 % ,6 0 6 % ,4 4 5 %。经β珠蛋白突变基因分析 ,在这 3个民族中仅检出两种中国人常见突变型CD41-42 和CD17,检出率分别为 88 1% ,6 0 0 % ,2 3%。结论 在贵州省少数民族中 β -地中海贫血有很高的发病率 ,基因突变类型具有显著的民族特征 。

基因芯片对人乳头瘤病毒的快速检测和分型

目的 针对HPV DNA亚型的异质性,建立HPV DNA亚型的基因芯片快速检测方法,为HPV感染病例提供诊断依据。方法 18 种HPV DNA亚型(HPV6、16、18、31、33、35、39、11、45、51、52、53、56、58、42、59、66、68)特异性探针,固定于硝酸纤维素膜制备成基因芯片,生物素标记引物经通用引物介导PCR(GD PCR)扩增HPV DNA, PCR产物与基因芯片经反向点杂交检测HPV亚型;同时采用荧光定量PCR检测HPV6、11、16 和18亚型。结果 31 例标本中,基因芯片的阳性检出率为74.2%,其中HPV6/18、HPV11/16、HPV33/58 和HPV6/11/33多重感染各1 例(3.2%);荧光定量PCR 阳性检出率为67.7%,与前种方法相比较,漏诊率为6.5%。结论 HPV分型基因芯片可1次检测HPV多种亚型,灵敏度高和特异性强,有利于对HPV多重感染的诊断。

贵州西江苗族β地中海贫血筛查及基因分析

目的 对贵州省西江苗族进行了一次大样本的 β地中海贫血筛查及基因分析。方法 采用 Hb F和Hb A2 定量测定对人群进行 β地中海贫血初筛 ,然后用常规酚—氯仿抽提法提取 β地中海贫血携带者 DNA,再经PCR—反向点杂交法对β珠蛋白进行突变基因分析。结果 在受检的 890人中 ,共检出β地中海贫血携带者 37例 ,发生率为 4.16 %。经基因分析该地人群的β地中海贫血基因突变类型主要为 CD41 - 4 2 (TCTT)移码突变(5 4.1% )和 CD1 7(A→ T)无义突变 (4 5 .9% )。结论 完成对贵州西江苗族进行的β地中海贫血调查 ,获取其流行病学资料及其基因类型特征 ,对该地人群进行婚姻指导、产前诊断。

不同原理的PCR方法用于地中海贫血产前诊断的验证应用

目的:评估两种不同技术原理的PCR方法用于地中海贫血(下称"地贫")产前诊断的必要性和可行性。方法 :采用双盲法,对509份产前诊断标本分别采用单管多重PCR法(single-tube multiplex PCR,STMP)+反向点杂交法(reverse dot blot,RDB)、探针熔解曲线法(probe melting curve assay,PMCA)检测常见α-地贫和β-地贫基因突变。两种方法所得结果不一致或少见类型地贫突变时,采用DNA测序分析法确诊。所有产前诊断结果均进行验证或随访。结果 :经STMP+RDB、PMCA检测突变谱不同,α-地贫和β-地贫各有1例结果不同。另STMP+RDB检测灵敏度高于PMCA,其差异性在标本受母血污染时有提示作用。结论:两种不同技术原理的PCR方法进行地贫产前诊断,是必要和可行的,两者具有互补性,可确保结果的可靠性和减少单一技术的缺陷。

反向斑点杂交法快速检测甘薯羽状斑驳病毒和甘薯G病毒

【目的】以克隆得到的甘薯羽状斑驳病毒(Sweet potato feathery mottle virus,SPFMV)和甘薯G病毒(Sweet potato virus G,SPVG)基因片段为探针建立反向斑点杂交技术体系,应用于甘薯组培脱毒苗带毒情况检测,为生产优质甘薯组培脱毒苗提供保障。【方法】根据已公布的侵染甘薯的SPFMV和SPVG的核苷酸序列设计两对特异引物,以RT-PCR法从染病的甘薯叶片扩增SPFMV和SPVG的两个片段,并以克隆到的两个病毒片段及内参基因Actin片段为探针建立反向斑点杂交体系。【结果】分别克隆出长度约310和500 bp的片段,经BLAST比对,所获得的310 bp片段为SPFMV的外壳蛋白基因片段,同源性为97%,500 bp片段为SPVG的外壳蛋白基因片段,同源性为99%。分别用带有SPFMV和SPVG片段的重组质粒pUC-SPFMV和pUC-SPVG进行反向斑点杂交,发现不同病毒能获得单一信号,无交叉现象。以染病甘薯和脱毒甘薯苗为样品,用该种病毒的探针进行反向斑点杂交,染病植株样品中能获得单一信号,而脱毒苗甘薯样品未见任何信号,杂交结果与RT-PCR检测结果一致。【结论】用建立的反向斑点杂交技术体系能有效检测甘薯中的SPFMV和SPVG,无交叉信号,可用于甘薯组培脱毒苗的前期检测。

武汉地区儿童β地中海贫血基因突变类型分析

目的 探讨武汉地区儿童β地中海贫血致病基因分布情况。方法 选择2013年1月至2015年1月在武汉市妇女儿童医疗保健中心就诊的经血细胞分析筛选出的疑似β地中海贫血患儿274例，其中男性178例，女性96例；年龄6个月 ～ 14岁，平均年龄为2.83岁。采集乙二胺四乙酸二钾盐（EDTA）抗凝静脉血，提取白细胞DNA，采用PCR寡核苷酸探针反向斑点杂交法（PCR-RDB）进行β地中海贫血基因检测，对基因突变位点和基因型进行分析。结果 274例β地中海贫血初筛患儿中确诊152例，检出率为55.47 %（152/274）。共检出9种等位基因突变，分别为IVS-2-654、CD41-42、CD17、CD43、CD71-72、CD27-28、-28、-29、CD26；3种最常见的突变位点IVS-2-654、CD41-42、CD17分别占到全部等位基因突变的43.81 %（85/194）、23.20 %（45/194）、12.89 %（25/194）。共检出26种β地中海贫血基因型，9种单纯杂合子110例（占72.37 %，110/152），13种双重杂合子36例（占23.68 %，36/152），4种纯合子6例（占3.95 %，6/152）。结论 β地中海贫血是武汉地区贫血患儿的重要原因之一；武汉地区β地中海贫血患儿以IVS-2-654位点的突变最为常见。

应用膜反向斑点杂交技术快速检测结核分支杆菌耐乙胺丁醇基因型的研究

应用膜反向斑点杂交技术快速检测结核分支杆菌对乙胺丁醇 (EMB)耐药性。设计与合成用于检测结核分支杆菌耐EMB基因embB的寡核苷酸探针 ,点于硝酸纤维素膜上 ,与结核分支杆菌临床分离株生物素标记的聚合酶链反应 (PCR)产物进行反向斑点杂交 ,并与PCR 单链构象多态性 (PCR SSCP)和PCR 直接测序 (PCR DS)结果比较。对 81株结核分支杆菌临床分离株进行分析 ,31株EMB敏感株中 ,2 6株embB基因的SSCP图谱、膜反向斑点杂交结果与标准株 (H37Rv)完全相同 ;其余 5株SSCP图谱出现泳动变位 ,其中 3株E1b杂交阳性 ,PCR DS分析为embB基因 30 6位密码子ATG→GTG突变 ;2株E1d杂交阳性 ,PCR DS分析为embB基因 30 6位密码子ATG→ATA突变。 5 0株耐EMB菌株中 ,2 4株PCR SSCP图谱与标准菌株相同 ,E1杂交阳性 ;2 6株PCR SSCP图谱出现泳动变位 ,其中 18株E1b杂交阳性 ,2株E1c杂交阳性 ,5株E1d杂交阳性 ,1株E1e杂交阳性 ,未发现E1f杂交阳性 ,与PCR SSCP、PCR DS分析结果一致。突变检出率为 5 2 %。膜反向斑点杂交技术可能成为检测部分结核分支杆菌乙胺丁醇耐药基因型简便、快速的方法。