Detection of circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells in peripheral venous blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

Objective: To detect circulating hepatocellular carcino-ma by demonstrating hepatocellular carcinoma cells orhepatocyte-associated mRNA in the nuclear cell com-ponent of peripheral blood (PBL).Methods: Peripheral blood (5 ml) samples were ob-tained from 93 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and from 33 control subjects (9 with liver cir-rhosis after hepatitis B,14 with chronic hepatitis B,10with normal liver function). To identify HCC cells inperipheral blood, liver-specific human alpha-fetopro-tein (AFP) mRNA was amplified from total RNA ex-tracted from whole blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Results: AFPmRNA was detected in 50 blood samplesfrom the HCC patients (50/93, 53.8%). In contrast,there were no clinical control patients whose samplesshowed detectable AFPmRNA in PBL. The presence ofAFPmRNA in blood seemed to be correlated with thestage (by TNM classification) of HCC, the serum AFPvalue, and the presence of intrahepatic metastasis,portal vein thrombosis, tumor diameter and/or distantmetastasis. In addition, AFPmRNA was detected in theblood of 21 patients with metastasis at extrahepaticorgans (100%) in contrast to 29 (40.3%)of 72 pa-tients without metastasis.Conclusion: The presence of AFPmRNA in peripheralblood may be an indicator of malignant hepatocytes,which might predict hematogenous spreading metasta-sis of tumor cells in patients with HCC.

Quantification of Porcine Follicle-stimulating Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid by Reverse Transcription competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction

An easy and reliable method was developed for construction and quantification of competitive templates, which shared the same sequence as the amplified target DNA except for a 20 bp insertion in the middle by recombinant polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the advantages of competitive PCR is that any predictable or unpredictable variable that affects amplification has the same effect on both target and competitor species and that the final ratio of amplified products reflects exactly the initial targets. The utilization of a thermostable reverse transcriptase in the RT step was proposed to overcome the problem of the efficiency of target cDNA synthesis. In addition, to obtain reliable measurements, it was recommended to perform four PCR with amounts of competitive template flanking the concentration of the target mRNA.

Exogenous reference gene normalization for real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis under dynamic endogenous transcription

Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （qPCR） is widely used to investigate transcriptional changes following experimental manipulations to the nervous system. Despite the widespread utilization of qPCR, the interpretation of results is marred by the lack of a suitable reference gene due to the dynamic nature of endogenous transcription. To address this inherent deficiency, we investigated the use of an exogenous spike-in mRNA, luciferase, as an internal reference gene for the 2ct normalization method. To induce dynamic transcription, we systemically administered capsaicin, a neurotoxJn selective for C-type sensory neurons expressing the TRPV-1 receptor, to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. We later isolated nodose ganglia for qPCR analysis with the reference being either exogenous luciferase mRNA or the commonly used endogenous reference 13-111 tubulin. The exogenous luciferase mRNA reference clearly demonstrated the dynamic expression of the endogenous reference. Furthermore, variability of the endogenous reference would lead to misinterpretation of other genes of interest. In conclusion, traditional reference genes are often unstable under physiologically normal situations, and certainly unstable following the damage to the nervous system. The use of exogenous spike-in reference provides a consistent and easily implemented alternative for the analysis of qPCR data.

Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood with reverse--transcription polymerase chain reaction

In order to detect circulating cells of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the peripheral blood with reverse transcripition polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR ), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP ) mRNA was tested in the blood samples of 113 cases of HCC and 69 controls (including 30 cases of liver cirrhosis, 9 cases of metastatic liver cancer and 30 normal subjects). 20/43 (46. 5% ) cases of HCC and 2/30 (6. 7% ) cases of liver cirrhosis are positive and the cases of nletastatic liver cancer and normal controls were negative for human AFP(hAFP) rnRNA. The presence of hAFP mRNA in the peripheral blood seems to be correlated with intrahepatic and distant nletastasls of HCC and portal vein thrombosis. It is concluded that the presence of hAFP mRNA in the peripheral hloocl is an indicator of circulating HCC cells and can be used to diagnose the rnetastasisof HCC through henlatogenous route and RT-PCR amplification of hAFP mRNA is a sensitive and specificprocedure for detecting circulating cells of HCC.

Quantification of mRNA Levels by Fluorescently Labelled Reverse Transcription Competitive PCR

A reproducible,quantitative,non-radioactive method for the analysis of mRNA expression is described.After RNA preparation and cDNA synthesis,the cDNA was co-amplified with an internal standard in the same PCR system.The PCR products containing both targen and internal standard amplificates were electrophoresed and detected on an ABI 377 DNA Sequencer.For each sample,β-actin was also quantified by an identical procedure to compensate for relative differences between samples in the integrity of the individual RNA samples and for variations in reverse transcription.Due to the linear relationship between cDNA content and PCR product ratio of target cDNA template and competitive standard,a single PCR reaction was sufficient for quantification of a sample.The experimental results showed that the method is a mRNA quantitative RT-PCR method with high sensitivity and good reproducibility.It can be used in large-scale accurate quantitative analyses of mRNA expression of any gene.

复合探针实时荧光RT-PCR法检测小儿上呼吸道感染甲型流感病毒的价值

目的 分析小儿上呼吸道感染甲型流感病毒应用复合探针实时荧光反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测的临床价值。方法选择2023年1月至2023年12月流感监测信息系统两家监测点上呼吸道感染甲型流感病毒感染的患儿80例监测标本进行回顾性分析,均开展复合探针实时荧光RT-PCR法检测,分析其诊断价值。结果 根据监测标本最终诊断结果显示,阳性标本68例、阴性标本12例。经复合探针实时荧光RT-PCR法检出67例,检出率为83.75%,敏感度为95.59%、特异度为83.33%、准确度为93.75%、阳性结果预测值为97.01%、阴性结果预测值为76.92%;批间批内变异系数均小于5%。结论 小儿上呼吸道感染甲型流感病毒应用复合探针实时荧光RT-PCR技术具有较高的敏感度、特异度及准确度,且检查结果快速,可为小儿上呼吸道感染甲型流感病变提供可靠的诊断,有利于制订合理的治疗方案。

帕利亚姆病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

本研究拟建立帕利亚姆病毒(Palyam virus,PALV)血清型特异性实时荧光定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR)方法用于临床样本或媒介中PALV血清型鉴定。根据我国流行PALV毒株的基因节段2序列,设计扩增引物和TaqMan探针,建立PALV血清型特异型qRT-PCR方法,对方法的特异性、灵敏性与重复性进行评估;以我国分离的28株PALV和90份核酸阳性血液样本评估检测方法的可靠性;利用建立的方法对采集库蠓样本中携带的PALV进行血清型鉴定。结果显示,建立的PALV血清型qRT-PCR检测方法具有良好的特异性与灵敏性,可检出核酸拷贝数下限在22至28 copies·μL^(-1)。对28株PALV的qRT-PCR检测结果与病毒测序鉴定结果一致;对PALV不同感染阶段哨兵动物血液(90份)中的qRT-PCR鉴定结果与分离病毒的血清型鉴定结果一致;建立的方法可准确鉴定库蠓中携带PALV的血清型。本研究建立的PALV血清型qRT-PCR定型方法具有良好的特异强、敏感性与重复性,可用于PALV感染动物与媒介中PALV血清型的鉴定,具有良好的应用价值。

基于直扩RT-PCR技术的寨卡病毒快速检测方法的建立

目的建立基于直扩实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术的寨卡病毒快速检测方法。方法采用特殊功能的DNA聚合酶,以及优选PCR增强剂,以此建立直扩RT-PCR技术的寨卡病毒快速检测5种样本(全血、血清、唾液、咽拭子和尿)的方法。结果5种样本检测限分别为血清103 PFU/mL,尿、咽拭子和唾液102 PFU/mL,全血104 PFU/mL,标准曲线的拟合优度的可决系数均在0.98以上,扩增效率均在90%~110%;寨卡病毒核酸成功扩增,非寨卡病毒核酸均未能扩增;尿、全血和唾液样本的重复性实验中106 PFU/mL和102 PFU/mL两个浓度的6个重复Ct值的变异系数均<5%。该研究建立的直扩RT-PCR技术的寨卡病毒检测方法与常规RT-PCR技术的检测结果一致,8个寨卡病毒样本,均只检测出2个血清样本,其余62个非寨卡病毒样本及12个阴性样本均未得到扩增。结论成功建立基于直扩RT-PCR技术的寨卡病毒快速检测方法,该方法简便快捷且灵敏度高、特异度强。

Identifying the stability of housekeeping genes to be used for the quantitative real-time PCR normalization in retinal tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

AIM:To investigate the stability of the seven housekeeping genes:beta-actin(ActB),glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),18s ribosomal unit 5(18s),cyclophilin A(CycA),hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HPRT),ribosomal protein large P0(36B4)and terminal uridylyl transferase 1(U6)in the diabetic retinal tissue of rat model.METHODS:The expression of these seven genes in rat retinal tissues was determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)in two groups;normal control rats and streptozotocininduced diabetic rats.The stability analysis of gene expression was investigated using geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper,and comparative delta-Ct(ΔCt)algorithms.RESULTS:The 36B4 gene was stably expressed in the retinal tissues of normal control animals;however,it was less stable in diabetic retinas.The 18s gene was expressed consistently in both normal control and diabetic rats’retinal tissue.That this gene was the best reference for data normalisation in RT-qPCR studies that used the retinal tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Furthermore,there was no ideal gene stably expressed for use in all experimental settings.CONCLUSION:Identifying relevant genes is a need for achieving RT-qPCR validity and reliability and must be appropriately achieved based on a specific experimental setting.

双重荧光逆转录-聚合酶链式反应与荧光逆转录-重组酶介导等温扩增快速检测食源性GⅠ型、GⅡ型诺如病毒

目的建立双重荧光逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)与荧光逆转录-重组酶介导等温扩增(reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification,RT-RAA)快速有效地检测食品中食源性GⅠ型和GⅡ型诺如病毒的方法。方法根据GⅠ型、GⅡ型诺如病毒基因组保守序列设计引探,经过一系列引探浓度筛选,建立了双重荧光RT-PCR和恒温荧光RT-RAA两种检测方法,分别从敏感性、特异性、稳定性、重复性等方面进行了比较研究;同时将这两种方法应用于实际临床样本检测中,并与GB4789.42—2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验诺如病毒检验》进行比对验证。结果建立的两种方法特异性良好,敏感性均可达10 copies/μL;双重荧光RT-PCR方法质粒梯度变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV)值在0.1%~1.5%区间,恒温荧光RT-RAA方法CV值在1.0%~10.0%区间,稳定性和重复性显示双重荧光RT-PCR优于恒温荧光RT-RAA检测方法;31份诺如病毒阳性食品核酸样本均能检出,且50份食品盲样检测结果与国标一致。结论本研究成功建立了双重荧光RT-PCR与恒温荧光RT-RAA快速检测食源性GⅠ型、GⅡ型诺如病毒方法,两种方法各有优缺点,双重荧光RT-PCR稳定性和重复性好,恒温荧光RT-RAA检测时间短,仅20 min就能完成扩增,可根据不同需求选择一种或两种作为食源性GⅠ型、GⅡ型诺如病毒的检测方法。

RT-PCR法在沙门菌检测及血清分型鉴定中的应用价值研究

目的:探讨反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法在沙门菌检测及血清分型鉴定中的应用价值。方法:选择2022年8月至2024年1月本疾控中心收治的456例腹泻患者的粪便标本,均行细菌培养和RT-PCR检测,记录RT-PCR鉴定沙门菌血清分型结果,以细菌培养结果作为金标准,分析RT-PCR鉴定沙门菌的价值及其与细菌培养的一致性,对比细菌培养、RT-PCR鉴定沙门菌的费用及操作时间。结果:456例腹泻中经细菌培养共检出沙门菌78株,RT-PCR检出85株,RT-PCR检测敏感度为97.44%(76/78),特异度为96.83%(366/378),准确度为96.93%(442/456),阳性预测值为89.41%(76/85),阴性预测值为99.46%(366/368);RT-PCR鉴定沙门菌结果与细菌培养一致性较高(kappa值=0.897,P<0.001);RT-PCR鉴定结果与细菌培养完全一致有73株,符合率为93.59%,其中里森沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌、姆班达卡沙门菌4种优势血清型结果完全一致,而与细菌培养鉴定不一致菌株5株;RT-PCR鉴定沙门菌操作时间为(0.30±0.07)天,费用(100.22±6.52)元,细菌培养鉴定沙门菌的操作时间为(2.82±0.25)天,费用为(300.52±12.16)元,RT-PCR鉴定沙门菌的费用及操作时间均低于细菌培养,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:RT-PCR法可准确检出沙门菌,判断沙门菌血清分型,与细菌培养结果具有较高的一致性,且操作用时短、所需费用低,可应用于沙门菌检测。

实时定量RT-PCR的原理及方法

实时定量RT-PCR广泛应用于定量检测mRAN表达水平,为基础研究、分子药物学和生物技术研究提供了一种有力的方法。该法具有易操作、高通量、敏感性高和特异性强的特点,随着新酶、新探针和新仪器的发展而得到快速的发展。本文将对实时定量RT-PCR的定量原理、仪器应用、探针种类的研究进展以及细胞因子mRNA表达水平检测上的应用作一综述。

逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测轮状病毒

为了给轮状病毒感染的诊断和流行病学研究提供更为敏感和可靠的手段，选取Ａ组轮状病毒ＶＰ７基因上的２段高度保守序列作为引物，在优化逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）条件的基础上，建立了检测轮状病毒的ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法。通过对比试验，确定了ＰＣＲ的最优模式：９４℃变性１ｍｉｎ→５５℃退火１ｍｉｎ→７２℃延伸２ｍｉｎ，３０个循环后再在７２℃下延伸１０ｍｉｎ。用此模式进行了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ的特异性和敏感性试验。检测的６株轮状病毒分离株（牛ＨＮ－７、ＢＲＶ００７、ＢＲＶ０１４、ＢＲＶ６５５５、猪Ｌｉ９９、Ｎａｎ８６）及２株参考株（牛ＮＣＤＶ、猴ＳＡ１１），都能扩增出唯一的３４２ｂｐ的目的条带；对猪流行性腹泻病毒（ＰＥＤＶ）及传染性胃肠炎病毒（ＴＧＥＶ）感染猪的粪样、正常ＭＡ１０４细胞检测结果均呈阴性；检测的敏感度可达１ｐｇ水平。对４０份猪、牛、兔的腹泻粪样检测，３０份呈阳性，而用作平行对照的夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测，有２５份呈阳性，两者符合率为８７．５％。两法检测不符的５份粪样的ＰＣＲ扩增产物，用地高辛标记探针进行了斑点杂交，结果均呈阳性，表明ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法比ＥＬＩＳＡ法敏感性高。

复方861对HSC-T6细胞基质分解素1mRNA表达水平影响的研究

为观察复方 86 1对HSC -T6细胞基质分解素 1(MMP3 )mRNA表达水平的影响 ,复方 86 1以 0 2 5mg/ml、0 5mg/ml、1 0mg/ml等浓度作用于HSC -T6细胞 48小时 ,以逆转录定量PCR方法测定其对HSC -T6细胞MMP3 mRNA表达水平的影响。结果表明 ,复方 86 10 2 5mg/ml、0 5mg/ml、1 0mg/ml等不同浓度的HSC -T6细胞mRNA表达水平依次为 2 75± 0 35、3 0 0± 0 0 1、3 5 0± 0 71,与空白对照组比较 ,可明显提高MMP3 mRNA表达水平 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1)。因此 ,复方 86 1提高HSC -T6细胞MMP3 mRNA表达水平 ,可能是其促进胶原降解 ,抗肝纤维化的作用机理之一。

RT-PCR检测猪瘟病毒初探

本研究建立了反转录聚合酶链反应 ( RT PCR)技术检测猪瘟病毒 ( Hog Cholera Virus,HCV)方法。合成的二对引物 HCV 1 / HCV 2和 HCV A1 / HCV A2成功地扩增兔化弱毒株、法国株和石门株的核酸 ,并对采自博白县 3个、贵港市 1个和武宣县 1个猪场共 1 3份病料进行检测。结果从博白县和贵港市的 1 1份材料中检测到 HCV的核酸。

枸杞多糖对衰老小鼠原癌基因c-myc表达的影响

目的 :探讨枸杞多糖抗衰老的分子机理。方法 :采用老年小鼠和D 半乳糖致衰老小鼠两种衰老动物模型 ,分别连续灌服枸杞多糖 2个月和 1个月 ,应用半定量逆转录 聚合酶链式反应技术 (RT PCR)检测小鼠骨髓原癌基因c myc表达的变化。结果 :老年小鼠和D 半乳糖致衰老小鼠骨髓原癌基因c myc表达量明显高于青年小鼠和正常对照小鼠 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,给药后则可明显得到抑制 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :抑制原癌基因c myc表达是枸杞多糖抗衰老分子机理之一。

神经肽Y和5-羟色胺在腹泻型肠易激综合征模型大鼠中表达的研究

目的探讨神经肽Y(NPY)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)对腹泻型肠易激综合征(D-IBS)发病机制的影响,为从脑肠轴方面分析研究D-IBS的发生机制提供理论依据。方法采用母乳分离+醋酸刺激+四肢束缚制作D-IBS大鼠模型,通过免疫组化法检测大鼠结肠组织中5-HT的蛋白表达水平,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测大鼠下丘脑和结肠组织中NPY mRNA的表达。结果与正常组相比,NPY mRNA表达在肠易激综合征模型大鼠结肠和下丘脑组织均降低(P<0.05)。5-HT蛋白表达在模型大鼠结肠中升高(P<0.05)。结论脑肠肽NPY和5-HT可能参与D-IBS脑肠轴异常机制的调节。

半定量RT-PCR检测细胞因子表达的研究

目的 :建立一种客观、敏感的检测IL 2 /IL 4细胞因子基因表达变化的方法。 方法 :采用TRIzol试剂提取免疫排斥 /免疫耐受大鼠脾脏组织总RNA ,分光光度计法定量。取 2 μg总RNA ,采用RT PCR法逆转录 扩增IL 2、IL 4和内参照 β actincDNA ,扩增产物经电泳分离后 ,用凝胶图像分析仪照相和扫描分析 ,检测其相对表达量。 结果 :RT PCR产物经电泳后 ,β actin、IL 2和IL 4分别在 2 2 6bp、342bp和 332bp处出现明显条带 ,与预定条带大小相一致 ;免疫耐受组IL 4与免疫排斥组IL 2的表达有明显差异 ,在免疫耐受组中IL 4表达增高 ,而在免疫排斥组中IL 2表达增高 ,内参照 β actin扩增条带亮度在两组中相同 ,PCR产物量与扩增初始模板量之间存在良好的对应关系。 结论 :半定量RT PCR检测是一种从少量细胞中快速、简便。

逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术同时检测水中多种肠道病毒

建立了一种利用通用引物RT-PCR技术检测水中肠道病毒的方法.利用脊髓灰质炎病毒1～3型,柯萨奇病毒B3型作为参考病毒株,根据肠道病毒RNA5′非编码区中具有高度同源性的序列来设计通用引物.比较了M-MLV酶和AMV酶的逆转录效果,AMV酶能够成功地从地表水和生活污水中逆转录病毒RNA,更适于实际应用.对比研究了PCR过程中的退火温度,c(Mg2+)等因素对RT-PCR检测结果的影响,选择退火温度55℃,c(Mg2+)为2 mmol/L的反应条件,优化了RT-PCR检测方法.通过检测水样中接种的连续稀释的病毒,确定了该检测方法的灵敏度为38 CCID50.考察人工污染的地表水、污水、二级处理出水样品发现,检测灵敏度基本一致.该方法可应用在实际环境的肠道病毒检测中.

RT-PCR快速诊断禽流感

根据禽流感病毒ＮＰ基因的序列分析结果，设计了一对ＮＰ基因特异的引物。采用该对引物，不经病毒分离，直接从禽流感病毒感染鸡的气管、泄殖腔棉拭子和组织样品中提取核酸， ＲＴ～ＰＣＲ可以扩增出 ３２６ｂｐ的 ＮＰ基因片段。采用该技术对１４个亚型禽流感病毒标准参考株，４个亚型１２株国内分离野毒株，ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测的结果都呈阳性；对新城疫病毒、传染性法氏囊病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性喉气管炎病毒以及减蛋综合症病毒，ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增结果都呈阴性。禽流感病毒 Ａ／Ｇｏｏｓｅ／Ｇｕａｎｇｄｏｎｇ（Ｈ５Ｎ１）和 Ａ／Ａｆｒｉｃａｎ Ｓｔａｒｌｉｎｇ／Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ（Ｈ７Ｎ１）实验感染鸡样品 ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测与鸡胚病毒分离阳性率分别为３４／４２、３２／４２； ２４／５５、２４／５５， 二者符合率大于９５％。 ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ最少可检测到１０ｐｇ的病毒核酸。对山东某地发病鸡场样品进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测，只用６个小时就可得出准确的诊断结果，证明ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测方法敏感特异，可用于禽流感的快速诊断。