Screening of Common Traditional Chinese Drugs for Reversing Multidrug Resistance of KBV200 In Vitro

The ethanolic extracts of 100 common traditional Chinese drugs, which are widely used in many prescriptions in treatment of cancer in China, were screened for MDR of KBV200 cell line in vitro with MTT method. The result showed 9 extracts having MDR reversal activity. They were the extracts of Fructus Lagenariae Sicerariae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Poria, Herba Andrographitis, Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, Caulis Mahoniae, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Rhizoma Curcumae, Fructus Cnidii. Other 5 extracts showed cytotoxic on KBV200 cell line. $$$$

A functional cathode sodium compensation agent for stable sodium-ion batteries

Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling stability.Cathode compensation agent is a favorable strategy to make up for the loss of active sodium ions consumed byHCanode.Yet it lacks agent that effectively decomposes to increase the active sodium ions as well as regulate carbon defects for decreasing the irreversible sodium ions consumption.Here,we propose 1,2-dihydroxybenzene Na salt(NaDB)as a cathode compensation agent with high specific capacity(347.9 mAh g^(-1)),lower desodiation potential(2.4–2.8 V)and high utilization(99%).Meanwhile,its byproduct could functionalize HC with more C=O groups and promote its reversible capacity.Consequently,the presodiation hard carbon(pHC)anode exhibits highly reversible capacity of 204.7 mAh g^(-1) with 98%retention at 5 C rate over 1000 cycles.Moreover,with 5 wt%NaDB initially coated on the Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP)cathode,the capacity retention of NVP + NaDB|HC cell could increase from 22%to 89%after 1000 cycles at 1 C rate.This work provides a new avenue to improve reversible capacity and cycling performance of SIBs through designing functional cathode compensation agent.

Effect of lamellarization on the microstructure and mechanical properties of marine 10Ni5CrMoV steel

Multistage heat treatment involving quenching(Q),lamellarizing(L),and tempering(T)is applied to marine 10Ni5CrMoV steel.The microstructure and mechanical properties were studied by multiscale characterizations,and the kinetics of reverse austenite transformation,strain hardening behavior,and toughening mechanism were further investigated.The lamellarized specimens possess low yield strength but high toughness,especially cryogenic toughness.Lamellarization leads to the development of film-like reversed austenite at the martensite block and lath boundaries,refining the martensite structure and lowering the equivalent grain size.Kinetic analysis of austenite reversion based on the JMAK model shows that the isothermal transformation is dominated by the growth of reversed austenite,and the maximum transformation of reversed austenite is reached at the peak temperature(750℃).The strain hardening behavior based on the modified Crussard-Jaoul analysis indicates that the reversed austenite obtained from lamellarization reduces the proportion of martensite,significantly hindering crack propagation via martensitic transformation during the deformation.As a consequence,the QLT specimens exhibit high machinability and low yield strength.Compared with the QT specimen,the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the QLT specimens decreases from-116 to-130℃due to the low equivalent grain size and reversed austenite,which increases the cleavage force required for crack propagation and absorbs the energy of external load,respectively.This work provides an idea to improve the cryogenic toughness of marine 10Ni5CrMoV steel and lays a theoretical foundation for its industrial application and comprehensive performance improvement.

Bioinspired Passive Tactile Sensors Enabled by Reversible Polarization of Conjugated Polymers

Tactile perception plays a vital role for the human body and is also highly desired for smart prosthesis and advanced robots.Compared to active sensing devices,passive piezoelectric and triboelectric tactile sensors consume less power,but lack the capability to resolve static stimuli.Here,we address this issue by utilizing the unique polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers for the first time and propose a new type of bioinspired,passive,and bio-friendly tactile sensors for resolving both static and dynamic stimuli.Specifically,to emulate the polarization process of natural sensory cells,conjugated polymers(including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen e):poly(styrenesulfonate),polyaniline,or polypyrrole)are controllably polarized into two opposite states to create artificial potential differences.The controllable and reversible polarization process of the conjugated polymers is fully in situ characterized.Then,a micro-structured ionic electrolyte is employed to imitate the natural ion channels and to encode external touch stimulations into the variation in potential difference outputs.Compared with the currently existing tactile sensing devices,the developed tactile sensors feature distinct characteristics including fully organic composition,high sensitivity(up to 773 mV N^(−1)),ultralow power consumption(nW),as well as superior bio-friendliness.As demonstrations,both single point tactile perception(surface texture perception and material property perception)and two-dimensional tactile recognitions(shape or profile perception)with high accuracy are successfully realized using self-defined machine learning algorithms.This tactile sensing concept innovation based on the polarization chemistry of conjugated polymers opens up a new path to create robotic tactile sensors and prosthetic electronic skins.

A high entropy stabilized perovskite oxide La_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)as a promising air electrode for reversible solid oxide cells

Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage poses challenges for the performance and stability of air electrodes.In this work,a novel high-entropy perovskite oxide La_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(HE-LSCF)is proposed and investigated as an air electrode in RSOC.The electrochemical behavior of HE-LSCF was studied as an air electrode in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes.The polarization impedance(Rp)of the HE-LSCF electrode is only 0.25Ω·cm^(2) at 800℃ in an air atmosphere.Notably,at an electrolytic voltage of 2 V and a temperature of 800℃,the current density reaches up to 1.68 A/cm^(2).The HE-LSCF air electrode exhibited excellent reversibility and stability,and its electrochemical performance remains stable after 100 h of reversible operation.With these advantages,HE-LSCF is shown to be an excellent air electrode for RSOC.

Screening of Common Traditional Chinese Drugs for Reversing Multidrug Resistance of KBV200 In Vitro

The ethanolic extracts of 100 common traditional Chinese drugs, which are widely used in many prescriptions in treatment of cancer in China, were screened for MDR of KBV200 cell line in vitro with MTT method. The result showed 9 extracts having MDR reversal activity. They were the extracts of Fructus Lagenariae Sicerariae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Poria, Herba Andrographitis, Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis, Caulis Mahoniae, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Rhizoma Curcumae, Fructus Cnidii. Other 5 extracts showed cytotoxic on KBV200 cell line. $$$$

Corticosteroids in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome:Friend or foe?A systematic review

BACKGROUND Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES)is a complex neurological disorder characterized by symptoms such as headaches,seizures,confusion,and visual disturbances.The pathophysiology of PRES involves endothelial dysfunction,disrupted cerebral autoregulation,and resulting vasogenic edema.Hypertension and other factors that alter cerebral autoregulation are critical in its development.Corticosteroids,widely used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties,play a controversial role in PRES.AIM To elucidate the dual role of corticosteroids in the context of PRES by critically evaluating the existing literature.Specifically,it seeks to assess the results of PRES induced by corticosteroid therapy and the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in the treatment of PRES.By synthesizing case reports and series,this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms,clinical presentations,and management strategies associated with corticosteroid-related PRES.METHODS The review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines.The databases searched included Science Direct,PubMed,and Hinari.The search strategy encompassed terms related to corticosteroids and PRES.Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed articles examining corticosteroids in PRES,excluding non-English publications,reviews,and editorials.Data on patient demographics,clinical characteristics,imaging findings,corticosteroid regimens,and outcomes were extracted.The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for case reports.RESULTS A total of 56 cases of PRES(66.1%women,33.9%men)potentially induced by corticosteroids and 14 cases in which corticosteroids were used to treat PRES were identified.Cases of PRES reportedly caused by corticosteroids showed a mean age of approximately 25.2 years,with seizures,headaches,hypertension,and visual disturbances being common clinical sequelae.Magnetic resonance findings typically revealed vasogenic edema in the bilateral parieto-occipital lobes.High-dose or prolonged corticosteroid therapy was a significant risk factor.On the contrary,in the treatment cases,corticosteroids were associated with positive outcomes,including resolution of vasogenic edema and stabilization of symptoms,particularly in patients with underlying inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.CONCLUSION Corticosteroids have a dual role in PRES,capable of both inducing and treating the condition.The current body of literature suggests that corticosteroids may play a greater role as a precipitating agent of PRES rather than treating.Corticosteroids may induce PRES through hypertension and subsequent increased cerebral blood flow and loss of autoregulation.Corticosteroids may aid in the management of PRES:(1)Enhancing endothelial stability;(2)Antiinflammatory properties;and(3)Improving blood-brain barrier integrity.Mechanisms which may reduce or mitigate vasogenic edema formation.

Laparoscopic intracorporeal anastomosis vs open anastomosis for ileostomy reversal in Crohn's disease:A single center retrospective study

BACKGROUND There is an increased maturation of laparoscopic intracorporeal anastomosis techniques.However,research on its application for small bowel stoma reversal in patients with Crohn's disease(CD)is limited.Therefore,in this study,we compared the perioperative outcomes between laparoscopic intracorporeal ileostomy reversal(LIIR)and open ileostomy reversal(OIR).AIM To compare the safety,feasibility,bowel function recovery,and short-and longterm LIIR and OIR outcomes in patients with CD.METHODS This study included patients who underwent ileal reversal for CD between January 2021 and January 2023 at our institution.The baseline data,postoperative recovery,and complication indicators were retrospectively analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore factors that significantly influenced the development of enteral nutrition intolerance-related symptoms.RESULTS Notably,15 of the 45 patients in this study underwent OIR,and the remaining 30 received LIIR.Notably,no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding clinical baseline characteristics,operation time,intraoperative hemorrhage,anastomotic site,enterolysis range,first postoperative flatus,postoperative complications,reoperation rate,or incidence of postoperative enteral nutrition intolerance.Compared with the OIR group,the LIIR group had a shorter postoperative hospital stay(P=0.045),lower incidence of enteral nutrition intolerance symptoms(P=0.019),and earlier postoperative total enteral nutrition initiation(P=0.033);however,it incurred higher total hospital costs(P=0.038).Furthermore,multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the duration of surgery and anastomotic technique were independent risk factors for postoperative symptoms of enteral nutrition intolerance(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Laparoscopic intracorporeal anastomosis for ileostomy reversal is safe and feasible.Patients who underwent this technique demonstrated improved tolerance to postoperative enteral nutrition and quicker resumption of total enteral nutrition.

Reversing design methodology of investment casting die profile based on ProCAST

Turbine blade is one of the critical components of aircraft engine.The performance of the engine depends on the shape and dimensions of components,but superalloy blade material cannot be easily machined.Although investment casting is an ideal process for such net-shape components,it requires an accurate determination of the casting-die profile.In this paper,a reversing design methodology for investment casting die using ProCAST is proposed.By combining the methods of simplifying grid files and quick sorting,the efficiency of sorting and matching can be largely improved.Further,the mould/die cavity anti-deformation system can be easily built.With ProCAST,the optimized die profile for investment casting can be established.

Research on new beneficiation process of low-grade magnesite using vertical roller mill

We investigated whether the vertical roller mill can be efficiently used in the beneficiation of low-grade magnesite and whether it can improve upon the separation indices achieved by the ball mill.We conducted experiments involving the reverse flotation and positive flotation of low-grade magnesite to determine the optimum process parameters,and then performed closed-circuit beneficiation experiments using the vertical roller mill and ball mill.The results show that the optimum process parameters for the vertical roller mill are as follows:a grinding fineness of 81.6wt%of particles less than 0.074 mm,a dodecyl amine(DDA)dosage in magnesite reverse flotation of 100 g·t?1,and dosages of Na2CO3,(NaPO3)6,and NaOL in the positive flotation section of 1000,100,and 1000 g·t?1,respectively.Compared with the ball mill,the use of the vertical roller mill in the beneficiation of low-grade magnesite resulted in a 1.28%increase in the concentrate grade of MgO and a 5.88%increase in the recovery of MgO.The results of our causation mechanism analysis show that a higher specific surface area and greater surface roughness are the main reasons for the better flotation performance of particles ground by the vertical roller mill in the beneficiation of lowgrade magnesite.

Hydraulic calculation and dynamic analysis of columnar reversing gate

According to the hydraulic calculation principles of the orifice outflow, the discharge capacity of the columnar reversing gate under the partial opening condition was calculated and checked. Using ANSYS, a large finite element analysis software, the discharge process was simulated. The distribution rule of the velocities in the gate chamber and downstream channel was obtained. An FEM model of the columnar reversing gate was built, and the natural vibration properties of the gate were analyzed. Based on the Westergaard added mass method, the added mass caused by the fluid-structure coupling motion was taken into account, and the effects of the coupling interaction were discussed. The results show that the size of the small gates meets the demand for discharge capacity, the current in the gate chamber is quite turbulent, the trunnion and arms are obviously impacted by flow, and the effects of water on vibration characteristics are remarkable. The study provides a reference for the design and calculation of gates of the same type.

The status of Chinese medicine in reversing multi-drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma

Multi-drug resistance(MDR) is a major obstacle in the chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.Comparing with western reversal agents,traditional Chinese medicine have advantages of low cost,hypotoxicity,wide safety range,broad-spectrum and multi-targets,etc.Therefore,traditional Chinese medicine may be expected to open up a new path to reverse MDR of liver cancer.Studies about applying traditional Chinese medicine to reverse MDR in hepatocellular carcinoma are outlined below.

Compound control for speed and tension multivariable coupling system of reversible cold strip mill

To weaken the nonlinear coupling influence among the variables in the speed and tension system of reversible cold strip mill, a compound control(CC) strategy based on invariance principle was proposed. Firstly, invariance principle was used to realize static decoupling between the speed and tension of reversible cold strip mill. Then, considering the influence caused by the time variation of steel coil radius and rotational inertia of the left and right coilers, as well as the uncertainties, a CC strategy that is composed of extended state observer(ESO) and global sliding mode control(GSMC) with backstepping adaptive was proposed,which further realized dynamic decoupling and coordination control for the speed and tension system. Theoretical analysis shows that the resulting closed-loop system is global bounded stable. Finally, the simulation was carried out on the speed and tension system of a 1422 mm reversible cold strip mill by using the actual data, and through the comparison of the other control strategies, validity of the proposed CC strategy was shown by the results.

Integration of biological method and membrane technology in treating palm oil mill effluent

Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product-palm oil mill effluent （POME）, posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration （UF） and reverse osmosis （RO） membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction efficiency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively. With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount （except for K and Na）. The high-quality effluent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.

Reversing multiple age-related pathologies by controlling the senescence-associated secretory phenotype of stem cells

Regenerative medicine by cell transplantation is a novel therapy for treating end-stage organ failure and tissue damage. Cell-based therapy based on the transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells （NSPCs） represents an attractive strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, but obtaining large numbers of these cells is difficult and their differentiation potential is strictly restricted in a spatiotemporally-regulated manner during central nervous system （CNS） development. Therefore, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells represent an attractive alternative for cell-transplantation therapy in regenerative medicine.

Reverse Engineering Based Methodology for Redesigning Contour Milling Tools

Reverse Engineering (RE) involves the use of techniques aimed to retrieve information about manufactured products, not only regarding geometries, but also materials and functionality. Today, even if several RE techniques are known, many of them still leave the object unusable to analyze. Nevertheless, other alternatives to this problem allows for obtaining a Digital or Virtual Model (VM) via the three-dimen- sional scanning. Getting the VM of an item, via scanning or not, can offer many possibilities to digital analysis (FEM). Furthermore, starting from VM, it is possible to achieve the physical reproduction of an element, part or workpiece—in the same or different materials—using Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies. This enables to improve the product through a redesign process. In this paper, a RE based methodology is proposed for redesigning a tool for contour milling, after comparing different microscopy based techniques, 3D-Scanner tools and CAD-CAGD utilities for generating a Virtual Model of the newly designed mill.

Dynamic Performance Research on Reversing Valve of Hydraulic Breaker

The structure and operational principle on a new type reversing valve of hydraulic breaker are introduced. The nonlinear mathematic model and simulation model of the new type reversing valve are built. The dynamic simulation research of the new type reversing valve is conducted. The effects of the system parameters on the working performance are researched systematically and deeply. The regular understanding on the motion of the reversing valve is obtained, which provides theoretical basis for the innovation and manufacturing of a new generation of hydraulic breaker reversing valve.

Research on Car Reversing Warning System based on CAN Bus

The paper study the software and hardware principles of ultrasonic ranging reversing radar, design the vehicle reversing radar based on intelligent node of CAN bus, realize data communication and resource sharing with other intelligent nodes of the reversing radar. The experimental results show that, the design can achieve the expected technical indicators design, measurement precision and the reliability is high, which has certain guiding significance in the design of the car reversing radar, has wide application prospect and practical significance in the function of the extended CAN bus communication messages design and automotive CAN network.

Mechanisms of remaining oil formation by water flooding and enhanced oil recovery by reversing water injection in fractured-vuggy reservoirs

To get a deeper understanding on the formation mechanisms and distribution laws of remaining oil during water flooding, and enhanced oil recovery(EOR) mechanisms by reversing water injection after water flooding, 3D visualization models of fractured-vuggy reservoir were constructed based on the elements and configuration of fractures and vugs, and typical fracture-vug structures by using advanced CT scanning and 3D printing technologies. Then, water flooding and reversing water injection experiments were conducted. The formation mechanisms of remaining oil during water flooding include inadequate injection-production well control, gravity difference between oil and water, interference between different flow channels, isolation by low connectivity channel, weak hydrodynamic force at the far end. Under the above effects, 7 kinds of remaining oil may come about, imperfect well-control oil, blind side oil, attic oil at the reservoir top, by-pass residual oil under gravity, by-pass residual oil in secondary channel, isolated oil in low connectivity channel, and remaining oil at far and weakly connected end. Some remaining oil can be recovered by reversing water injection after water flooding, but its EOR is related to the remaining oil type, fracture-cavity structure and reversing injection-production structure. Five of the above seven kinds of remaining oil can be produced by six EOR mechanisms of reversing water injection: gravity displacement, opening new flow channel, rising the outflow point, hydrodynamic force enhancement, vertically equilibrium displacement, and synergistic effect of hydrodynamic force and gravity.

Reversing effects of interferon α on drug resistance of bone marrow cells in leukemia

Objective:To investigate the reversing effects of interferon a (IFN-a) on drug resistance of bone marrow cells in leukemia and its possible mechanism. Methods: Before and after the bone marrow cells extracted from50 cases of acute leukemia and 2 of chronic leukemia (BP) were incubated in the media with the addition of IFN-α,MDR1 mRNA expression and concentration of daunorubicin (DNR) in the cells were determined respectively withSAG-ISH and respectrofluorimetry. Results: Twenty-four (64. 2% ) our of all the 52 cases presented MDR1 mRNA expression. There was significant difference in the concentration of DNR between MDR1-positive and MDR1-negative cases before and after incubation. In all the 52 cases, no significant difference was found between the concentration of DNR before the incubation and that after the incubation. Conclusion: IFN-a can increase the concentration of DNR in the bone marrow cells in leukemia. No occurrence of MDR reversal is on the level of MDRl buton other levels.