Quality-adjusted life years and surgical waiting list:Systematic review of the literature

BACKGROUND The quality-adjusted life year(QALY)is a metric that is increasingly used today in the field of health economics to evaluate the value of different medical treatments and procedures.Surgical waiting lists(SWLs)represent a pressing problem in public healthcare.The QALY measure has rarely been used in the context of surgery.It would be interesting to know how many QALYs are lost by patients on SWLs.AIM To investigate the relationship between QALYs and SWLs in a systematic review of the scientific literature.METHODS The study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement.An unlimited search was carried out in PubMed,updated on January 19,2024.Data on the following variables were investigated and analyzed:Specialty,country of study,procedure under study,scale used to measure QALYs,the use of a theoretical or real-life model,objectives of the study and items measured,the economic value assigned to the QALY in the country in question,and the results and conclusions published.RESULTS Forty-eight articles were selected for the study.No data were found regarding QALYs lost on SWLs.The specialties in which QALYs were studied the most in relation to the waiting list were urology and general surgery,with 15 articles each.The country in which the most studies of QALYs were carried out was the United States(n=21),followed by the United Kingdom(n=9)and Canada(n=7).The most studied procedure was organ transplantation(n=39),including 15 kidney,14 liver,5 heart,4 lung,and 1 intestinal.Arthroplasty(n=4),cataract surgery(n=2),bariatric surgery(n=1),mosaicplasty(n=1),and septoplasty(n=1)completed the surgical interventions included.Thirty-nine of the models used were theoretical(the most frequently applied being the Markov model,n=34),and nine were real-life.The survey used to measure quality of life in 11 articles was the European Quality of Life-5 dimensions,but in 32 articles the survey was not specified.The willingness-to-pay per QALY gained ranged from$100000 in the United States to€20000 in Spain.CONCLUSION The relationship between QALYs and SWLs has only rarely been studied in the literature.The rate of QALYs lost on SWLs has not been determined.Future research is warranted to address this issue.

A Review of Development of Environmental Protection Information during the 12^(th) Five-Year Plan Period and Its Outlook

During the 12^(th)Five-Year Plan period,the environmental protection information work made remarkable achievements,and the construction of nationwide air quality monitoring network was completed; the trinitarian monitoring system was established,and environmental emergency command ability enhanced significantly. However,the issues of " information island" and " application silo" are still outstanding,and the application and promotion of new technologies make slow progress; the capacity of information system to support environmental protection business is insufficient,and there is no capacity for decision analysis. In the 13^(th)Five-Year Plan period,it is needed to strengthen the application and promotion of new technologies such as cloud computing,big data,Internet of Things,and spatial information,mainly construct and improve " Cloud Computing Based Environmental Protection( CCBEP) ", " big data platform of ecological environment",and then realize the core objective of improving environmental quality.

A Review of Academic Divisions'Work over the Past Two Years

In line with the overall Objectives set out in the"Outline Scheme for the Academic Divisions of theChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) during theNinth Five-year Plan (1996-2000)," CAS has donea good job of the supplementary election of CASmembers and the development of the virtues ofscience and fine style of research. In addihon, con-sultation and appraisal, academic exchanges, andthe popularization of science have progressivelybeen focuses of the academic divisions, and manyaccomplishments have been achieved in these areas.

Review of Taxation Work in 2005 and Plans for 2006

In 2005,China's total tax revenue topped 3.0866 trillion Yuan (excluding tariffs and agricultural taxes), up 20%and 514.8 billion Yuan over 2004 and exceeding 3 trillion Yuan for the first time. During the 10th five-year plan period,the total tax revenue remitted into the state coffer amounts to 10.9217 trillion Yuan, with an average annual increase of 19.5%; and the revenue in the fifth year more than doubles that in the first year. The fast and steady growth of the tax revenue in pace with the economic growth has greatly enhanced the country's financial strength and provided solid financial guarantee for the country's efforts to build a well-off society in an all-round way.……

《annals of tourism research》2005～2009年文献回顾

随着旅游业的发展,旅游业相关研究受到越来越多学着的重视,相关的研究文章日渐繁多,研究角度和侧重点也日新月异。《Annals of tourism research》作为国外旅游研究的重要刊物,其刊登的文章在一定程度上反映了目前国际旅游相关研究的主要关注点。总结该刊物2005～2009年的239篇文章,其主要研究的国家为美国、英国、西班牙等11个,研究主体主要为旅游目的地、旅游者、旅游吸引物等11个。

Power Production and Construction in China:Review of Tasks in 2000 and Major Targets and Focal Tasks for 2001

This paper, excerpted from General President Gao Yan’s Speech on the State Power Corporation Working Conference for 2001, held in Shenzhen on December 23-25, 2000, reviews the power production and construction tasks in 2000 and puts forward the major targets and focal tasks of power production and construction for 2001.

Review and Outlook of China's Oil Market in 2015

Growth rate of oil demand rose again in China in the first half of 2015. Demand for oil products went on differentiating, and the demand growth of most products sped up. Growth rate of oil production rose again, oil imports increased rapidly, and external dependence of crude oil and oil broke through 60% separately. The State adjusted the prices of gasoline and diesel timely and frequently, based on pricing mechanism. Price hike was higher than reduction. Oil market got weak, yet more stable. China increased the pace of reforms in marketization. In the second half, oil demand will increase continuously but with lower growth rate, oil production will rise more slowly, imports of crude oil and oil will keep on rising rapidly, gasoline and kerosene as well as diesel will witness a net import, and the market of gasoline, kerosene and diesel will be more stable.

30-Year Reform and Opening up-Export Review(1978-2008)(Continued)

The year of 1994 was a milestone on a historical road of the textile trade development worldwide. The Final Act concluding the Uruguay Round and officially establishing the WTO regime was signed during ministerial meeting at Marrakesh, Morroco on the 15th of April, 1994, and hence is known as the Marrakesh Agreement. That marked a beginning of quota phase out. China has been on a resolute stance to trade restrictions and protectionism all through quota phase out and post-quota period and will continue to do so when safeguard deal terminates…

30-Year Reform and Opening up——Export Review(1978-2008)

This year marks 30th year commemoration of China's" reform and opening up" policy, the strategic decision made at the 3rd plenarysession of the national party congress' 11th central committee of Communist Party of China (CPC) in Dec. 1978. History made its way to the end of 1978. In December of that particular year, CPC leaders tapped on the table to decide to open up and reform this long-encapsulated country in a milestone conclusion. Thirty years elapsed. Like many other industrial sectors that benefited from this monumental decision, Chinese textile industry has undeniably been growing at a fantastic speed, and its export is on an unrivalled growth in phase...

World Economic Outlook Global economy will continue the moderated upward trajectory of 2005 in the new year

In 2005, world economic growth decelerated modestly in contrast to the robust performance of the previous year, due to repeated spikes in oil prices and a battery of interest rate hikes by the U.S. Federal Reserve.

2005年美国总统绿色化学挑战奖项目评述

介绍了2005年美国总统绿色化学挑战奖的研究成果,这次的获奖项目是:①ArcherDanielsMidland和Novozymes公司联合利用一种特殊的脂肪酶Lipozyme○R,通过酶法酯交换反应,从植物油制取低反式脂肪和油脂含量的制品;Merck公司设计的Aprepitant(神经激肽-1拮抗剂)新合成路线,这2个项目获得了更新合成路线奖。②变更溶剂/反应条件奖授予了BASF公司,他们开发了一种紫外光可固化的、单组分、低挥发性有机物的汽车修补底漆。③ArcherDanielsMidland公司因开发一种非挥发性、反应活性的聚结剂,大大降低了乳胶涂料中挥发性有机物而获得了设计安全化学品奖。④Alabama大学的Rogers教授获得了学术奖。他建立了一种用离子液体溶解和处理纤维素制备新型材料的平台策略。⑤小企业奖颁发给了Metabolix公司,奖励他们成功地利用生物技术合成天然塑料。

我国少数民族心理研究的文献计量分析2000～2005

对2000～2005年发表在国内期刊关于民族心理研究的182篇论文进行文献计量分析。少数民族心理研究论文总体数量较少，以心理学9种期刊为例，不到6年发文总量的1％；研究领域广泛，研究对象几乎包括了所有少数民族；关注群体主要集中于中学生和大学生，研究方法以测量为多，研究思路以少数民族与汉族比较为主，民族、年级和性别成为考察差异的三个纬度。存在的主要问题是：研究方法单一，模仿国外研究和运用国外量表的研究较多，具有创新性的研究较少，对理论问题关注不足；研究人员主要分布在西北和西南地区，6年中发丈量在3篇以上的作者不足10人，没有形成稳定的研究群体。

2005年中国安全生产事故与自然灾害状况

综述了2005年中国安全生产事故状况和自然灾害情况。统计和分析了安全生产事故和自然灾害发生的情况。2005年中国共发生各类安全生产事故717938起,死亡127089人,同比分别减少10.7%和7.1%。煤矿共发生事故3303起,死亡5938人,同比分别下降9.2%和1.5%。2005年全国各类自然灾害共造成40653.7万人(次)受灾,2475人死亡,直接经济损失2042亿元。全年农作物受灾面积3882万hm2,绝收460万hm2。全年发生特大森林火灾3起,因森林火灾造成受害森林面积7.3万hm2。全年因海洋灾害造成直接经济损失约332亿元。全年发生赤潮82次,减少14次;累计赤潮面积约27070km2,上升1.7%。全年共发生造成人员伤亡或直接经济损失50万元以上的地质灾害854起,共造成直接经济损失36.5亿元。全年共发生5级以上地震13次,受灾人口208万人,受灾面积15040km2,造成直接经济损失26亿元。2005年中国安全生产事故的发生较2004年有所缓和,但自然灾害状况较2004年严重。

1956—2005年渭河流域降水与径流的变化特征

以1956—2005年渭河流域渭源、武山和北道3个水文站月径流资料和流域内78个雨量站的降水数据为基础,运用线性趋势法、距平百分率法、Mann-Kendall非参数统计检验法、双累积曲线法和Morlet小波分析法等多种数理统计方法,研究了近50 a来渭河上游降水与径流的趋势性、阶段性、突变性、周期性,并对径流与降水之间的变化关系以及降水同人类活动影响径流变化的情况进行了分析。结果表明:流域上游年径流和年降水下降趋势显著,且下游区降水和径流的下降速率比上中游的快;降水和径流具有基本一致的长周期变化,只有渭源站的径流呈现出5个周期的转换,而武山站和北道站的转换周期为6个;流域上、中、下游降水的突变时间分别为1994年、1993年、1991年,径流的突变时间分别为1995年、1992年、1986年;下游降水和径流显著下降的开始时间早于上游,且持续时间明显比上游长;在研究时段内降水量没有发生系统偏差,而径流的系统偏差明显,说明径流可能受到了人类活动的干扰并发生了变异。

Historical Responsibility and Great Trust of the Times——Review and Outlook of 60 Years of Integrative Medicine Clinical Sciences

The founding of China Institute of Chinese Medicine, known now as the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, was proclaimed in December 1955 in Beijing. Premier ZHOU En-lai commemorated the occasion with his inscription extolling ＂to carry forward the heritage of Chinese medicine＂. Just before and after its establishment, the Academy recruited numbers of famous Chinese and Western medicine specialists all over the country to participate in this endeavour.

西北大学与陕西6所部属高校科技创新能力的比较(2001—2005)

目的全面考察“十五”期间西北大学与陕西6所部属高校科技创新能力,为战略发展提供理论依据。方法统计分析与文献分析。结果“十五”期间,7所高校重视科技创新活动,西安交通大学和西北工业大学科研基础、科研条件较好,科技创新总量较大,整体实力较强。西北大学科技人力、科技经费、科技课题投入较少,科技条件相对较差。西北大学优势在于:科技论文产量、效率较高,总量位列7所高校第二,效率位列7所高校第一;科技论文水平和获奖成果质量高于其他高校。结论西北大学只有继续增加科技投入,改善科技条件,增加科技产出总量,才能全面提高科技创新能力。

2005年美国能源政策法案分析

2005年8月美国参、众两院通过了美国能源政策法案,该法案鼓励国内石油和天然气的生产,鼓励石油、天然气、煤气和电力企业等采取节能、洁能措施,该法案虽然在近期内不能减轻美国对进口原油的依赖,但会对美国未来一段时间的能源供需产生深远影响。对美国石油需求变化的因素进行了分析:主要由于汽油需求的增长、柴油需求的增长、高的税收和燃料价格的变化。