In order to better carry out research on education and teaching,the author consulted relevant literature on blended teaching mode from 2011-2021 through CNKI,Web of Science and other websites,summarized and analyzed t...In order to better carry out research on education and teaching,the author consulted relevant literature on blended teaching mode from 2011-2021 through CNKI,Web of Science and other websites,summarized and analyzed the research status of blended teaching mode,in order to lay a good foundation for studying blended teaching mode in course teaching.展开更多
With the progress of the times and the leap of science and technology,the application of brick materials and the research on the brick skin in modern architectural design have shown a dual-track development trend of r...With the progress of the times and the leap of science and technology,the application of brick materials and the research on the brick skin in modern architectural design have shown a dual-track development trend of returning to tradition and innovation.Based on the core collection database resources of Web of Science and the CiteSpace visual analysis tool,this paper constructed and analyzed the spatio-temporal map of keyword co-occurrence network,cluster structure,mutation phenomenon,time course and regional distribution map of building brick skin research.The study revealed that in recent years,the research on brick materials has spanned the study of single material properties and extensively involved in the broad world of construction,especially in the integration of green energy-saving technology,the innovation of fine construction technology of brick skin,and the frontier exploration of digital technology in brick masonry,which has shown particularly significant research vitality and development potential.展开更多
English writing is also a crucial means of evaluating the language proficiency of a learner of English as second language.As a result, it is essential to review English writing researching in terms of contents, number...English writing is also a crucial means of evaluating the language proficiency of a learner of English as second language.As a result, it is essential to review English writing researching in terms of contents, number, methods, process, feedback and assessment which can guide our English writing teaching effectively.展开更多
Purpose: The main goal of this paper is to show that international peer review can work in China’s context with satisfactory outcomes. Moreover, this paper also provides a reference for the practice of science and te...Purpose: The main goal of this paper is to show that international peer review can work in China’s context with satisfactory outcomes. Moreover, this paper also provides a reference for the practice of science and technology management.Design/methodology/approach: This paper starts with a discussion of two critical questions about the significance and design of international peer review. A case study of international peer review of CAS Centers for Excellence is further analyzed. Findings: International peer review may provide a solution to address the problem of quantitative oriented research evaluation in China. The case study of research evaluation of CAS Centers for Excellence shows that it is possible and feasible to conduct an international peer review in China’s context. When applying this approach to other scenarios, there are still many issues to consider including individualized design of international peer review combined with practical demands, and further improvement of theories and methods of international peer review. Research limitation: 1) Only the case of international peer review of CAS Centers for Excellence is analyzed;2) A relatively small number of respondents were surveyed in the questionnaire. Practical implications: The work presented in this study can be used as a reference for future studies.Originality/value: Currently, there are no similarly detailed studies exploring the significance and methodology of international peer review in China.展开更多
The objectives of this article are as follows: 1) to propose a university research ethics system framework, 2) to provide a brief anatomy of the Meru University of Science and Technology (MUST) Institutional Research ...The objectives of this article are as follows: 1) to propose a university research ethics system framework, 2) to provide a brief anatomy of the Meru University of Science and Technology (MUST) Institutional Research Ethics Review Committee (MIRERC), 3) to perform a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of MIRERC, and 4) to make recommendations for improving its performance. The 13-member multi-disciplinary MIRERC was established in April 2017 to provide effective ethical oversight of research undertaken by the University’s scholarly community. Strengths of the MUST research ethics review system include a functional MIRERC, a pertinent national law and ethical guidelines, an Innovation and Enterprise Centre that could house a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, and a supportive University Management Board. The weaknesses include lack of graduate schools to assure scientific rigor of proposals before submission to the MIRERC, lack of research ethics training in most school’s curricula, absence of a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, undergraduate research proposals being not ethically reviewed, dearth of faculty trained in research ethics, and lack of an operating budget for MIRERC work. The opportunities include existence of about 22 accredited Institutional Research Ethics Review Committees (IRERC) in Kenya, existence of international standards and operational guidance for ethics review, availability of guidelines and codes of best ethical practices in research, existence of a free automated platform called Research for Health Innovation Organizer (RHInnO) Ethics for managing the ethics review process, and availability of external resources for strengthening IRERCs. In order to improve the performance and sustainability of the MUST research ethics system, there is need to include research ethics training in all undergraduate and post-graduate curricula, create a dynamic database of potential research ethics reviewers, allocate a percentage of the annual MUST research budget for MIRERC operations, charge a graduated fee for proposal ethics review, require all students’ and faculties’ internal and external research proposals be cleared by the MIRERC, and use the RHInnO Ethics platform to manage the ethics review process.展开更多
This paper reviews briefly advances in recent research on monsoon by Chinese scholars, including primarily: (1) the establishment of various monsoon indices. In particular, the standardized dynamic seasonal variabi...This paper reviews briefly advances in recent research on monsoon by Chinese scholars, including primarily: (1) the establishment of various monsoon indices. In particular, the standardized dynamic seasonal variability index of the monsoon can delimit the geographical distribution of global monsoon systems and determine quantitatively the date of abrupt change in circulation. (2) The provision of three driving forces for the generation of monsoon. (3) The revelation of the heating-pump action of the Tibetan Plateau, which strengthens southerlies in the southern and southeastern periphery of the Plateau and results in a strong rainfall center from the northern Bay of Bengal (BOB) to the Plateau itself. (4) Clarification of the initial onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) in the BOB east of 90°E, Indochina Peninsula (ICP) and the South China Sea, of which the rapid northward progression of tropical convection in the Sumatra and the rapid westward movement of the South Asia High to the Indochina Peninsula are the earliest signs. (5) The provision of an integrated mechanism for the onset of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), which emphasizes the integrated impact of sensible heat over Indian Peninsula, the warm advection of the Tibetan Plateau and the sensible heat and latent heat over the Indochina Peninsula on the one hand, and the seasonal phase-lock effect of the northward propagation of low frequency oscillation on the other. (6) The revelation of the "planetary-scale moisture transport large-value band" from the Southern Hemisphere through to the Asian monsoon region and into the North Pacific, which is converged by several large-scale moisture transport belts in the Asian-Australian monsoon regions and whose variation influences directly the temporal and spatial distribution of summer rainfall in China. (7) Presenting the features of the seasonal advance of the EASM, the propagation of intraseasonal oscillation, and their relationship with rainfall in China; indicating that the intraseasonal oscillation of the EASM propagates in the form of a wave-train along the coast and behaves as monsoon surge propagating northward. (8) Describing the interannual and interdecadal variation of Asian monsoon, revealing the factors affecting it, and possible mechanisms of the variation of Asian monsoon. An elementary outlook on the existing problems and future direction of monsoon research is also provided.展开更多
This paper tries to comprehensively introduce different researches of evidentiality, and make some corresponding comments on these researches in terms of research features, methods or limitations and so on. In additio...This paper tries to comprehensively introduce different researches of evidentiality, and make some corresponding comments on these researches in terms of research features, methods or limitations and so on. In addition, after the review, conclusion and some questions will be put forward and further research will be recommended.展开更多
The editors of Zoological Research gratefully acknowledge the generous assistance of the following reviewers. We are thankful for the honest and invaluable work of all the referees during the past year, which has grea...The editors of Zoological Research gratefully acknowledge the generous assistance of the following reviewers. We are thankful for the honest and invaluable work of all the referees during the past year, which has greatly contributed to ensuring the quality of Zoological Research.展开更多
Ferroelectric materials have many interesting physical properties such as ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and opto-electricity, and applying ferroelectric materials in the forms of thin and thick ...Ferroelectric materials have many interesting physical properties such as ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and opto-electricity, and applying ferroelectric materials in the forms of thin and thick films and integrating them on the silicon substrate as electronic and MEMS devices is a very attractive research area and challenging. In this paper, we report our research works on ferroelectric MEMS and ferroelectric films for electronic device applications. Pyroelectric thin film infrared sensors have been made, characterized, and a 32×32 array with its size of 1cm×1cm has been obtained on Si membrane. Ferroelectric thin films in amorphous phase have been applied to make silicon based hydrogen gas sensors with the metal/amorphous ferroelectric film/metal device structure, and its turn-on voltage of about 4.5V at ~1000 ppm in air is about 7 times of the best value reported in the literature. For the application of electron emission flat panel display, ferroelectric BST thin films with excess Ti concentrations have been coated on Si tips, the threshold voltage of those ferroelectric film coated tips has been reduced about one order from ~70 V/μm to 4~10 V/μm for different Ti concentrations, and however, the electron emission current density has been increased at least 3~4 order for those coated tips compared to that of the bare Si tips. To fulfill in the thickness gap between thin film of typical ~1 μm made by PVD/CVD and polished ceramic wafer of ~50 μm from the bulk, piezoelectric films with thickness in a range of 1~30 μm have been successfully deposited on Si substrate at a low temperature of 650oC by a novel hybridized deposition technique, and piezoelectric MEMS ultrasonic arrays have been very recently obtained with the sound pressure level up to ~120 dB. More detailed results will be presented and mechanisms will be discussed.展开更多
Nowadays with the rise of social and economic developments of China and the closer international exchanges,problems of new religions have emerged.They have become a cultural phenomenon concerned by the whole society.M...Nowadays with the rise of social and economic developments of China and the closer international exchanges,problems of new religions have emerged.They have become a cultural phenomenon concerned by the whole society.Moreover,it is an important issue any government has to face.This thesis reviews the research work on new religions in Chinese academics from three aspects:(1)a classification of related concepts;(2)the emergence of new religions;and(3)how to understand and deal with the problems,attempting to distinguish theoretically“new religions”from“cults”.Thus,the paper tries to provide conceptual suggestions to academics and governments.展开更多
On behalf of the Editors-in-Chief and Editorial Board, we wish to express our gratitude to the following "anonymous" reviewers who gave their time and energy for reviewing the articles (either published or rejected...On behalf of the Editors-in-Chief and Editorial Board, we wish to express our gratitude to the following "anonymous" reviewers who gave their time and energy for reviewing the articles (either published or rejected) from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2014, ensuring the quality of Neural Regeneration Research.展开更多
In the development of nursing as a discipline, research plays a key role. Sharing and disseminating scientific knowledge is essential, but for non-English-speaking communities, research published in their language is ...In the development of nursing as a discipline, research plays a key role. Sharing and disseminating scientific knowledge is essential, but for non-English-speaking communities, research published in their language is more accessible to the national nursing community. Various comparative reviews of the national literature of Italian nursing research since the late 80s revealed significant methodological deficiencies. This review aims to assess nursing research published by nurses in Italian, between 2002 and 2021 from a quantitative and qualitative point of view. Most reviewed papers report results of non-interventional studies with simple methodology and statistics. Research is mostly focused on clinical nursing and management. The weaknesses found in this review underline a lack of progress in Italian nursing research published in Italian, as already pointed out in previous reviews. Nursing research published in Italian journals still does not meet international standards. This study provides information about research in Italian, never assessed so analytically and systematically.展开更多
Aim: This study aims to review the qualitative research studying Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians in Emergency Departments (ED). Background: Qualitative research aims to study complex social phenomena by other means...Aim: This study aims to review the qualitative research studying Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians in Emergency Departments (ED). Background: Qualitative research aims to study complex social phenomena by other means than quantification often through verbal or observational investigation. EM is a highly complex medical and social environment that has been investigated through qualitative methodologies. A literature review is needed to show what qualitative studies illuminate about EM and why this work is important to develop EM as a complex organizational and communicative practice. Methods: Electronic databases of English peer-reviewed articles were searched from 1971 to 2012 using Medline through PubMed and PsychINFO. This search was supplemented with hand-searches of Academic Emergency Medicine and Emergency Medicine Journal from 1999 to 2012 and cross references were reviewed. The key words used were emergency medicine, qualitative, ethnography, observation, interview, video, anthropology, simulation, and simulation-based. Results: 820 papers were identified and 46 studies were included in this review. This literature review found that the reviewed qualitative studies on EM physicians were designed using the following strategies of inquiry: Ethnography, mixed methods, action research, grounded theory, phenomenology, content analysis, discourse analysis, and critical incident analysis. The reviewed studies were categorized into four main themes: Education and training, communication, professional roles, and organizational factors, and into 12 sub-themes. Conclusion: The strength of qualitative research is its ability to grasp and operationalize complex relations within EM. Although qualitative research methodologies have gained in rigor in recent years and few researchers would question their value in studying complex medical and social phenomena, rigorous design in qualitative studies is needed. Qualitative research studies that stick with one strategy of inquiry that they follow closely are likely to yield more valid studies.展开更多
China’s understanding of the national image has gone through three stages. Chinese experts and scholars are generally aware of the importance of the national image, but their research results are mostly passive stres...China’s understanding of the national image has gone through three stages. Chinese experts and scholars are generally aware of the importance of the national image, but their research results are mostly passive stress responses to the reality of the “demonization” of China’s image. Research on Western images of China features the change from individual research to group research, from overall analysis to delicate classification, and from a specific historical period (shorter historical period) to a longer historical period. There are many studies on the image of China from the perspective of famous Western thinkers, politicians and writers. The research results can be basically classified into two categories: Western-centralism and China-centralism. On this basis, the research on Western images of China is both realistic and illusory, and conclusions drawn are both objective and stereotyped.展开更多
Rapid urbanization has led to an increase of urban artificial landscapes and the transformation of the earth's surface, which has caused the city to lose its functions of flood control and water purification. Ther...Rapid urbanization has led to an increase of urban artificial landscapes and the transformation of the earth's surface, which has caused the city to lose its functions of flood control and water purification. There are frequent urban flooding and waterlogging, deterioration of water quality in rivers and lakes, and increasing water and environmental problems. In response to these situations, the state proposed the construction of a sponge city. In this paper, the background and research significance of the sponge city were expounded, the domestic and foreign related research was summarized, and further thinking about the sponge city in China was put forward, in order to clarify the research context of the sponge city and provide the basis for the later research.展开更多
As one of the major factors affecting second language learners' success to their acquisition achievement,motivation has been examined in a wide variety of research papers.It is thus instructive to conduct a critic...As one of the major factors affecting second language learners' success to their acquisition achievement,motivation has been examined in a wide variety of research papers.It is thus instructive to conduct a critical review of both theoretical and empirical developments in SLA research from over the last few decades.This approach will provide a broad,and integrated perspective onto the current understanding of the complextopic of motivation.Such an undertaking is valuable for teachers,and researchers alike,in developing useful teaching methods,and finding futureavenues of SLA motivation research respectively.The following paper provides an overview of recent theoretical and empirical findings,examines some of the problems and contradictions found in current SLA research,and gives an initial departure point for future directions of research in the area of motivation.The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the implications for teachers,and possible classroom strategies that are drawn from the current body of motivation research.展开更多
This paper is a review literature on language anxiety. It begins with a discussion of the concepts of general anxiety and language anxiety, and then continues with an introduction of the techniques for identifying lan...This paper is a review literature on language anxiety. It begins with a discussion of the concepts of general anxiety and language anxiety, and then continues with an introduction of the techniques for identifying language anxiety. Subsequently, litera ture on the relationships of language anxiety to learner variables and language learning/using are covered. Finally the dispute and theories concerning language anxiety are presented.展开更多
This paper presents a review of the development of scientific research and practice of earthquake underground fluid in China during the last 40 years, summaries early constructive research and primary achievements in ...This paper presents a review of the development of scientific research and practice of earthquake underground fluid in China during the last 40 years, summaries early constructive research and primary achievements in this field. The science of earthquake underground fluid is closely correlated with earthquake monitoring and prediction, such as innovations in observation techniques and theoretical methods, and analysis of diversified parameters and research into predictive methods. The historical evolution of observation networks for underground fluid indicates that the demand for strong earthquake monitoring and prediction has become the driving force of the construction and development of the observation network. The development of observation techniques represents the trend based on multiform measurement, syntheses, and digitization. The study results of underground fluid theory and precursory mechanisms suggest that the precursory model, numerical simulation and in-door or field experimental research are the main technological approaches promoting innovation. Research results of earthquake forecast methods use physics based forecast techniques and the ideas of combination of usability and scientific advance. It has been proved by forecast practice that studying underground fluid is a very important subject in earthquake prediction on the Chinese mainland. Finally, the primary work and technical criterion on underground fluid are introduced, and some major scientific issues and development trends in different historical stages are summarized.展开更多
<strong>Purpose:</strong> This review paper aimed to provide an overview of the published nursing research related to the COVID-19 pandemic over the last six months. <strong>Method:</strong> On...<strong>Purpose:</strong> This review paper aimed to provide an overview of the published nursing research related to the COVID-19 pandemic over the last six months. <strong>Method:</strong> Online Google Scholar database was searched for COVID-19 related articles published between the 1st of Jan 2020 and 15th of June 2020. <strong>Findings:</strong> The initial search found 1930 results from combining the search between the words “nurse” and “nursing” with COVID-19. Only 48 articles met the eligibility criteria. Most of the studies focused on psychological factors (33.3%), followed by clinical practices (29.2%). The majority of the authors have an academic affiliation (70.8%), only (12.5%) have a clinical affiliation. About (21%) of the articles were funded, (90%) of this fund came from China. Most of the authors utilized the quantitative approach (27.1%);the qualitative approach has been used by (4.2%);only one article (2.1%) utilized the mixed methodology. No study used a theoretical or conceptual framework. Mainly, the nurses conducted their research independently (52.1%), while (35.4%) has been done in a multidisciplinary team;35.3% of them were done in collaboration with physicians. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results indicate that the nurses responded immediately to the COVID-19 pandemic by conducting researches mainly by utilizing a quantitative approach and writing a lot of editorials. To enrich the research results, nurses worked in research in collaboration with other disciplines, especially physicians. Still, the nursing research funding is under the limit. Stress and psychological factors are the primary concern for the nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.展开更多
Piper amalago(P.amalago)is a traditional medicine in Brazil for the treatment of leishmanial.Owing to its rare occurrence and potent pharmacological activities,efforts have been devoted to the identification of its di...Piper amalago(P.amalago)is a traditional medicine in Brazil for the treatment of leishmanial.Owing to its rare occurrence and potent pharmacological activities,efforts have been devoted to the identification of its diverse constituents,especially terpenoids.Researchers have found that the major constituents of P.amalago were amides,monoterpenes,norisoprenoids,sesquiterpenes,aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.The amides show anxiolytic,anti-inflammatory,antileishmanial and antinociceptive activity.This review summarizes the research progress of the structural diversity and pharmacological activities of P.amalago.展开更多
文摘In order to better carry out research on education and teaching,the author consulted relevant literature on blended teaching mode from 2011-2021 through CNKI,Web of Science and other websites,summarized and analyzed the research status of blended teaching mode,in order to lay a good foundation for studying blended teaching mode in course teaching.
文摘With the progress of the times and the leap of science and technology,the application of brick materials and the research on the brick skin in modern architectural design have shown a dual-track development trend of returning to tradition and innovation.Based on the core collection database resources of Web of Science and the CiteSpace visual analysis tool,this paper constructed and analyzed the spatio-temporal map of keyword co-occurrence network,cluster structure,mutation phenomenon,time course and regional distribution map of building brick skin research.The study revealed that in recent years,the research on brick materials has spanned the study of single material properties and extensively involved in the broad world of construction,especially in the integration of green energy-saving technology,the innovation of fine construction technology of brick skin,and the frontier exploration of digital technology in brick masonry,which has shown particularly significant research vitality and development potential.
文摘English writing is also a crucial means of evaluating the language proficiency of a learner of English as second language.As a result, it is essential to review English writing researching in terms of contents, number, methods, process, feedback and assessment which can guide our English writing teaching effectively.
基金funded by NSFC grant(71771205)CASISD presidential fund(Y8X1171Q01)CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association fund(Y9J0361601)
文摘Purpose: The main goal of this paper is to show that international peer review can work in China’s context with satisfactory outcomes. Moreover, this paper also provides a reference for the practice of science and technology management.Design/methodology/approach: This paper starts with a discussion of two critical questions about the significance and design of international peer review. A case study of international peer review of CAS Centers for Excellence is further analyzed. Findings: International peer review may provide a solution to address the problem of quantitative oriented research evaluation in China. The case study of research evaluation of CAS Centers for Excellence shows that it is possible and feasible to conduct an international peer review in China’s context. When applying this approach to other scenarios, there are still many issues to consider including individualized design of international peer review combined with practical demands, and further improvement of theories and methods of international peer review. Research limitation: 1) Only the case of international peer review of CAS Centers for Excellence is analyzed;2) A relatively small number of respondents were surveyed in the questionnaire. Practical implications: The work presented in this study can be used as a reference for future studies.Originality/value: Currently, there are no similarly detailed studies exploring the significance and methodology of international peer review in China.
文摘The objectives of this article are as follows: 1) to propose a university research ethics system framework, 2) to provide a brief anatomy of the Meru University of Science and Technology (MUST) Institutional Research Ethics Review Committee (MIRERC), 3) to perform a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of MIRERC, and 4) to make recommendations for improving its performance. The 13-member multi-disciplinary MIRERC was established in April 2017 to provide effective ethical oversight of research undertaken by the University’s scholarly community. Strengths of the MUST research ethics review system include a functional MIRERC, a pertinent national law and ethical guidelines, an Innovation and Enterprise Centre that could house a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, and a supportive University Management Board. The weaknesses include lack of graduate schools to assure scientific rigor of proposals before submission to the MIRERC, lack of research ethics training in most school’s curricula, absence of a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, undergraduate research proposals being not ethically reviewed, dearth of faculty trained in research ethics, and lack of an operating budget for MIRERC work. The opportunities include existence of about 22 accredited Institutional Research Ethics Review Committees (IRERC) in Kenya, existence of international standards and operational guidance for ethics review, availability of guidelines and codes of best ethical practices in research, existence of a free automated platform called Research for Health Innovation Organizer (RHInnO) Ethics for managing the ethics review process, and availability of external resources for strengthening IRERCs. In order to improve the performance and sustainability of the MUST research ethics system, there is need to include research ethics training in all undergraduate and post-graduate curricula, create a dynamic database of potential research ethics reviewers, allocate a percentage of the annual MUST research budget for MIRERC operations, charge a graduated fee for proposal ethics review, require all students’ and faculties’ internal and external research proposals be cleared by the MIRERC, and use the RHInnO Ethics platform to manage the ethics review process.
基金This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40633018 40675056)the key project A of the State Ministry of Science and Technology of China "South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX)".
文摘This paper reviews briefly advances in recent research on monsoon by Chinese scholars, including primarily: (1) the establishment of various monsoon indices. In particular, the standardized dynamic seasonal variability index of the monsoon can delimit the geographical distribution of global monsoon systems and determine quantitatively the date of abrupt change in circulation. (2) The provision of three driving forces for the generation of monsoon. (3) The revelation of the heating-pump action of the Tibetan Plateau, which strengthens southerlies in the southern and southeastern periphery of the Plateau and results in a strong rainfall center from the northern Bay of Bengal (BOB) to the Plateau itself. (4) Clarification of the initial onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) in the BOB east of 90°E, Indochina Peninsula (ICP) and the South China Sea, of which the rapid northward progression of tropical convection in the Sumatra and the rapid westward movement of the South Asia High to the Indochina Peninsula are the earliest signs. (5) The provision of an integrated mechanism for the onset of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), which emphasizes the integrated impact of sensible heat over Indian Peninsula, the warm advection of the Tibetan Plateau and the sensible heat and latent heat over the Indochina Peninsula on the one hand, and the seasonal phase-lock effect of the northward propagation of low frequency oscillation on the other. (6) The revelation of the "planetary-scale moisture transport large-value band" from the Southern Hemisphere through to the Asian monsoon region and into the North Pacific, which is converged by several large-scale moisture transport belts in the Asian-Australian monsoon regions and whose variation influences directly the temporal and spatial distribution of summer rainfall in China. (7) Presenting the features of the seasonal advance of the EASM, the propagation of intraseasonal oscillation, and their relationship with rainfall in China; indicating that the intraseasonal oscillation of the EASM propagates in the form of a wave-train along the coast and behaves as monsoon surge propagating northward. (8) Describing the interannual and interdecadal variation of Asian monsoon, revealing the factors affecting it, and possible mechanisms of the variation of Asian monsoon. An elementary outlook on the existing problems and future direction of monsoon research is also provided.
文摘This paper tries to comprehensively introduce different researches of evidentiality, and make some corresponding comments on these researches in terms of research features, methods or limitations and so on. In addition, after the review, conclusion and some questions will be put forward and further research will be recommended.
文摘The editors of Zoological Research gratefully acknowledge the generous assistance of the following reviewers. We are thankful for the honest and invaluable work of all the referees during the past year, which has greatly contributed to ensuring the quality of Zoological Research.
文摘Ferroelectric materials have many interesting physical properties such as ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and opto-electricity, and applying ferroelectric materials in the forms of thin and thick films and integrating them on the silicon substrate as electronic and MEMS devices is a very attractive research area and challenging. In this paper, we report our research works on ferroelectric MEMS and ferroelectric films for electronic device applications. Pyroelectric thin film infrared sensors have been made, characterized, and a 32×32 array with its size of 1cm×1cm has been obtained on Si membrane. Ferroelectric thin films in amorphous phase have been applied to make silicon based hydrogen gas sensors with the metal/amorphous ferroelectric film/metal device structure, and its turn-on voltage of about 4.5V at ~1000 ppm in air is about 7 times of the best value reported in the literature. For the application of electron emission flat panel display, ferroelectric BST thin films with excess Ti concentrations have been coated on Si tips, the threshold voltage of those ferroelectric film coated tips has been reduced about one order from ~70 V/μm to 4~10 V/μm for different Ti concentrations, and however, the electron emission current density has been increased at least 3~4 order for those coated tips compared to that of the bare Si tips. To fulfill in the thickness gap between thin film of typical ~1 μm made by PVD/CVD and polished ceramic wafer of ~50 μm from the bulk, piezoelectric films with thickness in a range of 1~30 μm have been successfully deposited on Si substrate at a low temperature of 650oC by a novel hybridized deposition technique, and piezoelectric MEMS ultrasonic arrays have been very recently obtained with the sound pressure level up to ~120 dB. More detailed results will be presented and mechanisms will be discussed.
文摘Nowadays with the rise of social and economic developments of China and the closer international exchanges,problems of new religions have emerged.They have become a cultural phenomenon concerned by the whole society.Moreover,it is an important issue any government has to face.This thesis reviews the research work on new religions in Chinese academics from three aspects:(1)a classification of related concepts;(2)the emergence of new religions;and(3)how to understand and deal with the problems,attempting to distinguish theoretically“new religions”from“cults”.Thus,the paper tries to provide conceptual suggestions to academics and governments.
文摘On behalf of the Editors-in-Chief and Editorial Board, we wish to express our gratitude to the following "anonymous" reviewers who gave their time and energy for reviewing the articles (either published or rejected) from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2014, ensuring the quality of Neural Regeneration Research.
文摘In the development of nursing as a discipline, research plays a key role. Sharing and disseminating scientific knowledge is essential, but for non-English-speaking communities, research published in their language is more accessible to the national nursing community. Various comparative reviews of the national literature of Italian nursing research since the late 80s revealed significant methodological deficiencies. This review aims to assess nursing research published by nurses in Italian, between 2002 and 2021 from a quantitative and qualitative point of view. Most reviewed papers report results of non-interventional studies with simple methodology and statistics. Research is mostly focused on clinical nursing and management. The weaknesses found in this review underline a lack of progress in Italian nursing research published in Italian, as already pointed out in previous reviews. Nursing research published in Italian journals still does not meet international standards. This study provides information about research in Italian, never assessed so analytically and systematically.
文摘Aim: This study aims to review the qualitative research studying Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians in Emergency Departments (ED). Background: Qualitative research aims to study complex social phenomena by other means than quantification often through verbal or observational investigation. EM is a highly complex medical and social environment that has been investigated through qualitative methodologies. A literature review is needed to show what qualitative studies illuminate about EM and why this work is important to develop EM as a complex organizational and communicative practice. Methods: Electronic databases of English peer-reviewed articles were searched from 1971 to 2012 using Medline through PubMed and PsychINFO. This search was supplemented with hand-searches of Academic Emergency Medicine and Emergency Medicine Journal from 1999 to 2012 and cross references were reviewed. The key words used were emergency medicine, qualitative, ethnography, observation, interview, video, anthropology, simulation, and simulation-based. Results: 820 papers were identified and 46 studies were included in this review. This literature review found that the reviewed qualitative studies on EM physicians were designed using the following strategies of inquiry: Ethnography, mixed methods, action research, grounded theory, phenomenology, content analysis, discourse analysis, and critical incident analysis. The reviewed studies were categorized into four main themes: Education and training, communication, professional roles, and organizational factors, and into 12 sub-themes. Conclusion: The strength of qualitative research is its ability to grasp and operationalize complex relations within EM. Although qualitative research methodologies have gained in rigor in recent years and few researchers would question their value in studying complex medical and social phenomena, rigorous design in qualitative studies is needed. Qualitative research studies that stick with one strategy of inquiry that they follow closely are likely to yield more valid studies.
基金Sponsored by “Twelfth Five-year Plan” Program of Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD15XLS07)
文摘China’s understanding of the national image has gone through three stages. Chinese experts and scholars are generally aware of the importance of the national image, but their research results are mostly passive stress responses to the reality of the “demonization” of China’s image. Research on Western images of China features the change from individual research to group research, from overall analysis to delicate classification, and from a specific historical period (shorter historical period) to a longer historical period. There are many studies on the image of China from the perspective of famous Western thinkers, politicians and writers. The research results can be basically classified into two categories: Western-centralism and China-centralism. On this basis, the research on Western images of China is both realistic and illusory, and conclusions drawn are both objective and stereotyped.
基金Sponsored by Natural Science Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education(15ZA0123)Doctoral Fund of Southwest University of Science and Technology(14zx7136)
文摘Rapid urbanization has led to an increase of urban artificial landscapes and the transformation of the earth's surface, which has caused the city to lose its functions of flood control and water purification. There are frequent urban flooding and waterlogging, deterioration of water quality in rivers and lakes, and increasing water and environmental problems. In response to these situations, the state proposed the construction of a sponge city. In this paper, the background and research significance of the sponge city were expounded, the domestic and foreign related research was summarized, and further thinking about the sponge city in China was put forward, in order to clarify the research context of the sponge city and provide the basis for the later research.
文摘As one of the major factors affecting second language learners' success to their acquisition achievement,motivation has been examined in a wide variety of research papers.It is thus instructive to conduct a critical review of both theoretical and empirical developments in SLA research from over the last few decades.This approach will provide a broad,and integrated perspective onto the current understanding of the complextopic of motivation.Such an undertaking is valuable for teachers,and researchers alike,in developing useful teaching methods,and finding futureavenues of SLA motivation research respectively.The following paper provides an overview of recent theoretical and empirical findings,examines some of the problems and contradictions found in current SLA research,and gives an initial departure point for future directions of research in the area of motivation.The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the implications for teachers,and possible classroom strategies that are drawn from the current body of motivation research.
文摘This paper is a review literature on language anxiety. It begins with a discussion of the concepts of general anxiety and language anxiety, and then continues with an introduction of the techniques for identifying language anxiety. Subsequently, litera ture on the relationships of language anxiety to learner variables and language learning/using are covered. Finally the dispute and theories concerning language anxiety are presented.
基金the State Science and Technology Programof Tackle Key Problemfor the tenth "Five-Year Plan" of China (2001BA601B02-02)
文摘This paper presents a review of the development of scientific research and practice of earthquake underground fluid in China during the last 40 years, summaries early constructive research and primary achievements in this field. The science of earthquake underground fluid is closely correlated with earthquake monitoring and prediction, such as innovations in observation techniques and theoretical methods, and analysis of diversified parameters and research into predictive methods. The historical evolution of observation networks for underground fluid indicates that the demand for strong earthquake monitoring and prediction has become the driving force of the construction and development of the observation network. The development of observation techniques represents the trend based on multiform measurement, syntheses, and digitization. The study results of underground fluid theory and precursory mechanisms suggest that the precursory model, numerical simulation and in-door or field experimental research are the main technological approaches promoting innovation. Research results of earthquake forecast methods use physics based forecast techniques and the ideas of combination of usability and scientific advance. It has been proved by forecast practice that studying underground fluid is a very important subject in earthquake prediction on the Chinese mainland. Finally, the primary work and technical criterion on underground fluid are introduced, and some major scientific issues and development trends in different historical stages are summarized.
文摘<strong>Purpose:</strong> This review paper aimed to provide an overview of the published nursing research related to the COVID-19 pandemic over the last six months. <strong>Method:</strong> Online Google Scholar database was searched for COVID-19 related articles published between the 1st of Jan 2020 and 15th of June 2020. <strong>Findings:</strong> The initial search found 1930 results from combining the search between the words “nurse” and “nursing” with COVID-19. Only 48 articles met the eligibility criteria. Most of the studies focused on psychological factors (33.3%), followed by clinical practices (29.2%). The majority of the authors have an academic affiliation (70.8%), only (12.5%) have a clinical affiliation. About (21%) of the articles were funded, (90%) of this fund came from China. Most of the authors utilized the quantitative approach (27.1%);the qualitative approach has been used by (4.2%);only one article (2.1%) utilized the mixed methodology. No study used a theoretical or conceptual framework. Mainly, the nurses conducted their research independently (52.1%), while (35.4%) has been done in a multidisciplinary team;35.3% of them were done in collaboration with physicians. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results indicate that the nurses responded immediately to the COVID-19 pandemic by conducting researches mainly by utilizing a quantitative approach and writing a lot of editorials. To enrich the research results, nurses worked in research in collaboration with other disciplines, especially physicians. Still, the nursing research funding is under the limit. Stress and psychological factors are the primary concern for the nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
文摘Piper amalago(P.amalago)is a traditional medicine in Brazil for the treatment of leishmanial.Owing to its rare occurrence and potent pharmacological activities,efforts have been devoted to the identification of its diverse constituents,especially terpenoids.Researchers have found that the major constituents of P.amalago were amides,monoterpenes,norisoprenoids,sesquiterpenes,aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.The amides show anxiolytic,anti-inflammatory,antileishmanial and antinociceptive activity.This review summarizes the research progress of the structural diversity and pharmacological activities of P.amalago.