The recent developments of theoretical research, model tests and engineering applications of structural control in China's Mainland are reviewed in this paper. It includes seismic isolation, passive energy dissipa...The recent developments of theoretical research, model tests and engineering applications of structural control in China's Mainland are reviewed in this paper. It includes seismic isolation, passive energy dissipation, active and semi-active control, smart materials and smart structural systems. It can be seen that passive control methods, such as seismic isolation and energy dissipation methods, have developed into the mature stage in China. At the same time, great progress has been made in active and semi-active control, and smart actuators or smart dampers and smart structural systems. Finally, some future research initiatives for structural control in civil engineering are suggested. Keywords state-of-the-art review - structural control - seismic isolation - passive energy dissipation - active and semi-active control - smart material and smart structure Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50025821)展开更多
Background and objectives In many patients after stroke, spasticity develops over time, resulting in a decrease in the patient′s independence, pain, worsening mood, and, consequently, lower quality of life. In the la...Background and objectives In many patients after stroke, spasticity develops over time, resulting in a decrease in the patient′s independence, pain, worsening mood, and, consequently, lower quality of life. In the last ten years, a rich arsenal of physical agents to reduce muscle tone such as extracorporeal shock therapy (ESWT) wave has come through. The aim of this narrative review article is to present the current state of knowledge on the use of ESWT as a supplement to the comprehensive rehabilitation of people after stroke suffering from spasticity.Methods The PubMed and PEDro databases were searched for papers published in English from January 2000 to December 2020, 22 of which met inclusion criteria for clinical studies related to post-stroke spasticity management with ESWT.Results A total of 22 studies including 468 post-stroke patients-11 reports with the upper limb (267 patients) and 10 reports within the lower limb (201 patients), as well as one report including both upper and lower limb. We focused our attention on clinical and methodological aspects. Therefore, we performed the assessment of enrolled studies in terms of methodological quality using the PEDro and level of evidence using the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Furthermore, we indicated implications for clinical practice in using ESWT for post-stroke spasticity management. Moreover, we discussed a suggestion for future research directions.Conclusions In conclusion, an ESWT effectively reduces muscle tone in people with spastic limb after stroke. Further, ESWT is safe and free of undesirable side effects.The mechanism of action of ESWT on muscles affected by spasticity is still unknown.To date, no standard parameters of ESWT in post-stroke spasticity regarding intensity, frequency, location, and the number of sessions has been established. Further research, meeting the highest standards, is needed to establish uniform muscle stimulation parameters using ESWT.展开更多
结合国际研究现状以及国内发展需求,借助文献研究与计量、专家座谈与访谈等主客观研究方法,从发展趋势、学科建设、理论与实践发展等方面对科技与创新研究(science&technology and innovation studies,STIS)进行了总结与展望分析....结合国际研究现状以及国内发展需求,借助文献研究与计量、专家座谈与访谈等主客观研究方法,从发展趋势、学科建设、理论与实践发展等方面对科技与创新研究(science&technology and innovation studies,STIS)进行了总结与展望分析.该领域主要的趋势与规律为:科技与创新研究成果近十年增长迅速,相关学科的理论框架与方法体系逐渐形成,研究视角向科学性、复杂性、全球性、共生性、可持续、开放性、预见性等特征发展,研究范围从聚焦科技活动向关注创新活动以及科技与创新整体系统扩展,包括从科技创新向非科技创新的扩展,促进了熊彼特创新理论更广泛的应用.同时发现,为支撑我国的创新驱动发展战略,迫切需要加强科技与创新政策科学制订、企业创新主体地位的制度设计、创新监测与计量理论与方法、大数据背景下创新管理模式、开放与全球化背景下创新获益路径等重点选题的研究.展开更多
The development of domestic and foreign delayed coking technologies were outlined and compared.Prospects and suggestions on further enhancing the level of domestic delayed coking technologies,such as engineering desig...The development of domestic and foreign delayed coking technologies were outlined and compared.Prospects and suggestions on further enhancing the level of domestic delayed coking technologies,such as engineering design of the unit,stimulation of the project to replace oil with coke,promotion of technological levels,debottlenecking capacity expansion and realization of clean production of the unit,were put forward.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No.50025821
文摘The recent developments of theoretical research, model tests and engineering applications of structural control in China's Mainland are reviewed in this paper. It includes seismic isolation, passive energy dissipation, active and semi-active control, smart materials and smart structural systems. It can be seen that passive control methods, such as seismic isolation and energy dissipation methods, have developed into the mature stage in China. At the same time, great progress has been made in active and semi-active control, and smart actuators or smart dampers and smart structural systems. Finally, some future research initiatives for structural control in civil engineering are suggested. Keywords state-of-the-art review - structural control - seismic isolation - passive energy dissipation - active and semi-active control - smart material and smart structure Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50025821)
文摘Background and objectives In many patients after stroke, spasticity develops over time, resulting in a decrease in the patient′s independence, pain, worsening mood, and, consequently, lower quality of life. In the last ten years, a rich arsenal of physical agents to reduce muscle tone such as extracorporeal shock therapy (ESWT) wave has come through. The aim of this narrative review article is to present the current state of knowledge on the use of ESWT as a supplement to the comprehensive rehabilitation of people after stroke suffering from spasticity.Methods The PubMed and PEDro databases were searched for papers published in English from January 2000 to December 2020, 22 of which met inclusion criteria for clinical studies related to post-stroke spasticity management with ESWT.Results A total of 22 studies including 468 post-stroke patients-11 reports with the upper limb (267 patients) and 10 reports within the lower limb (201 patients), as well as one report including both upper and lower limb. We focused our attention on clinical and methodological aspects. Therefore, we performed the assessment of enrolled studies in terms of methodological quality using the PEDro and level of evidence using the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Furthermore, we indicated implications for clinical practice in using ESWT for post-stroke spasticity management. Moreover, we discussed a suggestion for future research directions.Conclusions In conclusion, an ESWT effectively reduces muscle tone in people with spastic limb after stroke. Further, ESWT is safe and free of undesirable side effects.The mechanism of action of ESWT on muscles affected by spasticity is still unknown.To date, no standard parameters of ESWT in post-stroke spasticity regarding intensity, frequency, location, and the number of sessions has been established. Further research, meeting the highest standards, is needed to establish uniform muscle stimulation parameters using ESWT.
文摘结合国际研究现状以及国内发展需求,借助文献研究与计量、专家座谈与访谈等主客观研究方法,从发展趋势、学科建设、理论与实践发展等方面对科技与创新研究(science&technology and innovation studies,STIS)进行了总结与展望分析.该领域主要的趋势与规律为:科技与创新研究成果近十年增长迅速,相关学科的理论框架与方法体系逐渐形成,研究视角向科学性、复杂性、全球性、共生性、可持续、开放性、预见性等特征发展,研究范围从聚焦科技活动向关注创新活动以及科技与创新整体系统扩展,包括从科技创新向非科技创新的扩展,促进了熊彼特创新理论更广泛的应用.同时发现,为支撑我国的创新驱动发展战略,迫切需要加强科技与创新政策科学制订、企业创新主体地位的制度设计、创新监测与计量理论与方法、大数据背景下创新管理模式、开放与全球化背景下创新获益路径等重点选题的研究.
文摘The development of domestic and foreign delayed coking technologies were outlined and compared.Prospects and suggestions on further enhancing the level of domestic delayed coking technologies,such as engineering design of the unit,stimulation of the project to replace oil with coke,promotion of technological levels,debottlenecking capacity expansion and realization of clean production of the unit,were put forward.
