A heteropolysaccharide from Rhodiola rosea L.:preparation,purification and anti-tumor activities in H22-bearing mice

Numerous polysaccharides isolated from plants have been used to augment traditional drugs in the treatment of cancer.In order to explore the influence to hepatocellular carcinoma,a novel cold water-soluble polysaccharide was separated from Rhodiola rosea L.root(RLP)and then its structure and anti-cancer activities were tested.The chemical compositions and high performance gel permeation chromatography(HPGPC)results indicated that RLP was an acid heteropolysaccharide with the molecular weight of about1.15×10~6 Da.Furthermore,ion chromatography(IC),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)and nuclear magnetic resoance(NMR)further indicated that RLP was main composed of→2,4)-α-Rha(1→,→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→,α-D-Glu,→6)-β-D-Galp-(1→,β-D-Man and→4)-α-GalpA-(1→.In vivo antitumor activities of RLP were carried out by using H22 tumor-bearing mice model.The results shown that RLP(100 and 300 mg/kg)could inhibit tumor growth of H22 cells from 23.59%to 45.52%and protect thymuses and spleen without damage.In addition,according to cell cycle,AV-FITC/PI and JC-1,RLP could induce dose-dependent apopto sis of H22 cells via S phase arrested which was through a mitochondrial related pathway.Our data indicated that RLP has a broader application prospect in anti-tumor preparations.

Pretreatment with Rhodiola Rosea Extract Reduces Cognitive Impairment Induced by Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin in Rats: Implication of Anti-oxidative and Neuroprotective Effects

Objective To investigate the pretreatment effects of Rhodiola rosea （R. rosea） extract on cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress in hippocampus and hippocampal neuron injury in a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with R. rosea extract at doses of 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 g/kg for 3 weeks, followed by bilateral intracerebroventricular injection with streptozotocin （1.5 mg/kg） on days 1 and 3. Behavioral alterations were monitored after 2 weeks from the lesion using Morris water maze task. Three weeks after the lesion, the rats were sacrificed for measuring the malondialdehyde （MDA）, glutathione reductase （GR） and reduced glutathione （GSH） levels in hippocampus and histopathology of hippocampal neurons. Results The MDA level was significantly increased while the GR and GSH levels were significantly decreased with striking impairments in spatial learning and memory and severe damage to hippocampal neurons in the model rat induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin. These abnormalities were significantly improved by pretreatment with R. rosea extract （3.0 g/kg）. Conclusion R. rosea extract can protect rats against cognitive deficits, neuronal injury and oxidative stress induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin, and may be used as a potential agent in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Rhodiola Rosea on the Early Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Summary： This study aimed to investigate the therapeutical effects of Rhodiola rosea extract on rats with type 2 diabetic nephropathy （DN）. The rat type 2 DN model was established by high fat and high calorie feeding and intravenous injection of streptozocin （STZ）. Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, control group, low dose Rhodiola rosea group, high dose Rhodiola rosea group and Cap- topril group. Oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed to determine the impairment of glucose tolerance in the established animal model. A series of parameters including fasting blood glucose （FBG）, total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, creatinine clearance rate （Ccr）, 24-h urinary albumin （UA）, the ratio of kidney mass/body weight （renal index） and glomerular area were examined after 8 weeks. Moreover, the expression of transforming growth factor （TGF）-β1 in renal tissues was detected by using immunohistochemisty. At the end of the eighth week, FBG, TC, TG, Ccr, 24-h urinary albumin, the ratio of kidney mass/body weight and glomerular area were significantly reduced in Rhodiola rosea extract treatment groups as compared with those in control group. TGF-β1 expression in renal tissues of Rhodiola rosea extract treatment groups was also significantly decreased as compared with that of con- trol group. These results indicate that Rhodiola rosea extract may have a protective effect on early nephropathy in diabetic rats, which might be related to the decrease of the renal expression of TGF-β1.

Neuropharmacological Characterization of Extracts from Rhodiola rosea, Oenothera paradoxa and Paullinia cupana in Comparison to Caffeine

To find possible therapeutic applications involving the Central Nervous System (CNS) for herbals is a major challenge during functional food and drug discovery and development programmes. Despite the availability of numerous in vitro and in vivo tests, there is no single agreed screening procedure for pharmacological testing of herbal extracts with anticipated CNS activity. Experience gained from more than 25 years of testing has shown that two models give reasonably reliable orientation for future CNS applications: construction of an electropharmacogram based on wireless recording of field potentials from the depth of the brain of freely moving rats (Tele-Stereo-EEG) and recording of the population spike produced by pyramidal cells from hippocampal slices in vitro. A combination of these two methods has now been used to characterize the pharmacological profile of extracts from Rhodiola rosea root, Oenothera paradoxa seeds and Paullinia cupana seeds. Spectral analysis of field potentials revealed attenuation of alpha2 and beta1 waves was common for all extracts. According to previous studies, this is interpreted as activation of the dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission. In addition, Oenothera and Rhodiola extracts attenuated delta and theta power, probably related to interference with the cholinergic and norepinephrinergic transmission, respectively. Using discriminant analysis for comparison with reference pharmaceutical and botanical drugs, Rhodiola projected near the position of Ginkgo extract, whereas Oenothera extract was projected near the position of Tramadol, an analgesic drug. Physical motion was increased only in the presence of Paullinia extract and caffeine. Increases of long-term potentiation were observed in the presence of Rhodiola extract, Paullinia extract and caffeine. The combined information predicts stimulant and cognitive function-enhancing activities in humans for the Rhodiola extract, which could also be used as a possible caffeine-replacement, and antidepressant and analgesic activity for the Oenothera extract.

红景天Rhodiola rosea不同地理居群遗传多样性分析

目的：研究分布于中国新疆天山地区红景天属植物定名种红景天Rhodiola rosea不同居群的遗传多样性。方法：野外采集18个不同居群红景天样本,进行AFLP分析,用POPGENE v1.31（32-bit）及SPSS软件分析处理数据。结果：从2套AFLP酶切系统（EcoRI/MseI）中筛选9对引物组合中共扩增出238条谱带,其中228条呈现多态性。等位基因平均数（Na）为1.488 3,有效等位基因数（Ne）1.390 7,Neis基因多样性指数（H）0.217 0,Shannons信息指数（I）0.310 8,多态性比率（P）为52.71%,居群间遗传分化系数（Gst）0.364;用UPGMA聚类分析,可将18个居群分为2个大类群。第Ⅱ大类群由6个居群组成,且均分布于海拔3 175 m以上;结论：海拔高度3 150～3 250 m分布的红景天居群遗传变异最为丰富,无论就地还是迁地保护该区域,对于拯救红景天种质资源都是非常重要的。

Effects of Rhodiola rosea and its major compounds on insulin resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

By establishing insulin resistance model of Caenorhabditis elegans,the effects of Rhodiola rosea extract and its compounds on glucose level,insulin signal intensity,antioxidant enzymes and cell apoptosis of C.elegans were investigated in present study.The mRNA expression of DAF-2,DAF-16,AkT-1,SKN-1,AAK-2 and SOD-3 were detected by qRT-PCR.The results revealed that R.rosea extract contain salidroside,kaempferol,chlorogenic acid,kaemphenol-7-O-glucoside,caffeic acid,and quercetin,etc.At the concentration of 200μg/mL,R.rosea extract treated C.elegans showed increased insulin signal intensity by 52.46%compared with the normal group,while,glucose content decreased by 72.13%and reactive oxygen species(ROS)level decreased by 36.84%.Compared with high glucose model group,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)increased by 10.9,14.2 and 27.9,respectively.After R.rosea extract intervention,the expression levels of DAF-2,AkT-1,AAK-2,SKN-1 and other genes significantly increased.These results also indicated that R.rosea extract could activate insulin receptor substrate(IRS)and adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathways to enhance insulin signaling,promote nutrient metabolism,and achieve the effect for improving insulin resistance of C.elegans.

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术快速分析红景天叶的化学成分

目的:采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术,对红景天叶中的主要酚类、鞣质和黄酮类成分进行分析鉴定。方法:80%甲醇提取物分离采用WatersBEH C_(18)(2.1×100mm,1.7μm),以0.1%甲酸水(A)-乙睛(B)为流动相梯度洗脱进行色谱分离,流速0.3mL/min,检测波长为280nm,负离子模式下采集数据,依据高分辨质谱提供的分子离子峰和二级碎片离子,并与文献或对照品比对,确定化合物可能的结构。结果:从红景天叶中鉴定出54个化学成分,包括11个酚酸类、25个鞣质类、18个黄酮类化合物,这是首次系统研究了红景天叶中的功能成分。结论:该方法可为红景天叶的化学成分质谱裂解规律和药效物质基础提供科学依据。

红景天对急性呼吸窘迫综合征小鼠肺内皮细胞BMP9表达的影响

目的探讨红景天对肺血管通透性和骨形态发生蛋白9(BMP9)表达的影响。方法将90只C57BL/6小鼠按照随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组和红景天低、中、高剂量组,每组18只。采用盲肠结扎穿孔法造模,假手术组开腹后关腹,红景天低、中、高剂量组分别用40、80、160 mg/kg红景天灌胃5 d,假手术组和模型组灌胃等量生理盐水。处死后,计算各组小鼠肺湿/干重比值,利用伊文思蓝染色法检测肺内皮细胞的渗透性,对小鼠肺组织进行免疫组化、Western blot法检测BMP9表达水平。使用脂多糖(LPS)诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)形成内皮细胞炎性损伤模型,用CCK-8法检测细胞活性,筛选出合适的红景天给药浓度。将细胞分为对照组(无LPS诱导)、LPS组和25、50、100μg/mL红景天组,应用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测BMP9表达情况。结果与模型组比较,红景天低、中、高剂量组小鼠肺湿/干重比值[(7.42±0.25)、(6.75±0.25)、(5.93±0.27)比(8.39±0.39),P<0.01]和肺内皮细胞的渗透性[(620.73±0.36)%、(469.26±0.39)%、(179.20±0.36)%比(706.86±0.37)%,P<0.05或P<0.01]均显著降低,且与红景天剂量呈正相关。Western blot和免疫组化检测发现,与假手术组比较,模型组BMP9表达明显减少;而红景天低、中、高剂量组BMP9表达较模型组增加,且与剂量呈正相关。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,与对照组比较,LPS组HUVEC中BMP9 mRNA相对表达量显著下降[(0.18±0.08)比(1.00±0.11),P<0.01];与LPS组比较,红景天给药组BMP9 mRNA相对表达量随给药浓度增加而增加[(0.39±0.09)、(0.52±0.10)、(0.78±0.09)比(0.18±0.08),P<0.05或P<0.01],但均低于对照组。Western blot检测细胞BMP9蛋白表达发现,LPS诱导细胞炎性反应可以导致BMP9表达明显下降,红景天给药组的BMP9表达量均高于LPS组,且与剂量相关。结论红景天减轻了急性呼吸窘迫综合征小鼠肺损伤并在体外缓解了LPS诱导的内皮损伤,其肺血管保护作用可能与增加BMP9表达有关。

红景天对急性脑出血后神经功能影响及作用机制研究

目的:观察红景天对急性脑出血(acute cerebral hemorrhage,ACH)大鼠神经功能影响并探讨其作用机制。方法:将实验大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、急性脑出血组(ACH组)和红景天组。分别对各组大鼠进行神经功能Bederson评分及行为学评估,透射电镜(TEM)观察细胞超微结构,ELISA检测白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)表达,免疫荧光法检测CD16、CD206表达,并对各组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、丙二醛(MDA)、铁(Fe)含量进行测定。结果:经红景天治疗后ACH大鼠的神经功能缺损评分明显降低,饮水、摄食、活动等行为学评估改善明显,死亡率下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经TEM观察发现,ACH组血肿周围组织疏松,核膜结构不清晰,细胞器减少,线粒体肿胀,数目减少,并出现空泡样改变。经红景天治疗后,细胞肿胀减轻,结构保持较完整。造模后,ACH组的GSH-PX表达下降,MDA表达升高,Fe含量升高,经红景天治疗后,GSH-PX升高,MDA、Fe含量下降;ELISA结果显示,与Sham组比较,ACH组中IL-1β、TNF-α表达明显升高(P<0.05);与ACH组比较,红景天组显著下调IL-1β、TNF-α表达,上调TGF-β表达(P<0.05);ACH组CD16荧光表达高于红景天组,CD206低于红景天组。结论:红景天对急性脑出血有较好的治疗作用,其机制可能与抑制炎症反应、降低氧化应激、减轻铁死亡及促进小胶质细胞极化有关。

蔷薇红景天总黄酮提取物对Aβ_(25-35)诱导PC12细胞损伤的保护作用及其活性部位筛选

目的考察蔷薇红景天总黄酮提取物(TFE)对β淀粉样蛋白25-35(Aβ_(25-35))诱导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用及其活性部位筛选。方法采用20μmol·L^(-1)Aβ_(25-35)诱导PC12细胞损伤,经AB-8大孔吸附树脂色谱法分离蔷薇红景天TFE,得水及20%、40%、60%、80%、95%乙醇洗脱物(即TFE-0%、TFE-20%、TFE-40%、TFE-60%、TFE-80%和TFE-95%)。计算不同体积分数乙醇洗脱物浸膏得率(赋予0.3权重),紫外分光光度法检测不同体积分数乙醇洗脱物总黄酮含量(赋予0.7权重),综合评价不同体积分数乙醇洗脱物。MTT法检测不同体积分数乙醇洗脱物对损伤后PC12细胞活力的影响;采用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态;采用2,4-二硝基苯肼显色法检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性;采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量;酶联免疫测定(ELISA)法分别检测细胞上清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的分泌水平。结果TFE-40%总黄酮浓度和浸膏得率的综合得分高于其他不同体积分数乙醇洗脱物。与空白组比较,模型组细胞间隙变大,数目减少,出现细胞碎片,突触明显减少,存活率和SOD水平明显降低(P<0.05),LDH水平明显升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,TFE-40%、TFE-60%洗脱物和盐酸多奈哌齐组细胞形态均有一定程度改善,数目增多,突触增加,细胞形态较完整;TFE-40%、TFE-60%、TFE-80%及TFE-95%组的细胞上清液中IL-6、TNF-α、COX-2和IL-1β的水平均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论蔷薇红景天TFE-40%洗脱物对Aβ_(25-35)诱导的PC12细胞损伤具有较好保护作用,为最佳活性部位,其机制可能与拮抗Aβ_(25-35)的神经毒性和抑制细胞炎症的发生有关。

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探究丹参-红景天抗心肌缺血的作用机制

目的基于网络药理学和分子对接技术研究丹参-红景天药对治疗心肌缺血(MI,myocardial ischemia)的潜在机制。方法初步基于中药系统药理分析平台TCMSP和文献筛选丹参和红景天活性成分,自GeneCards及其他数据库可以确定MI的靶点。之后,选择活性成分相应靶点以及疾病靶点之间的交集位置。另外,引入STRING数据库分析各个靶点彼此之间的影响,使用R软件中的Cluster Profiler包分析生物功能和信号通路富集。基于Cytoscape应用建立起蛋白质-蛋白质关联性以及组分靶链路体系,确定主要的活性物质以及靶点。Vina软件用于将核心靶蛋白与药物活性成分对接。结果筛选共得到342个药物潜在靶点,2241个MI潜在靶点,201个共有靶点;GO富集分析得到3276条(P<0.05);KEGG富集分析得到188个(P<0.05);分子对接结果表明靶蛋白与药物活性成分结合较密切。结论丹参-红景天药对可能作用于STAT3、JUN、AKT1和MAPK3等调节炎症、细胞凋亡和增殖做为治疗MI的分子机制,反映出中药对MI治疗通过多靶点和多途径的特点,为进一步揭示其药理基础提供新思路。

红景天预防阿尔茨海默病的效果和机理研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一类进行性的、不可逆的精神退行性病变,能干扰意识、智能的活动。这些神经系统退行性病变的具体发生机制目前尚不清楚,但患者大脑内的神经细胞功能丢失、淀粉样结构的反常积累、含磷酸基蛋白(tua蛋白)的过磷酸化、线粒体组成和功能不良、慢性炎症反应、氧化应激等,目前都被认为是这些病症中最常见的病理学特点,而认知与学习记忆能力下降、执行功能障碍也是重要的临床表现。多项科学研究表明,传统中药红景天中的许多化学物质如红景天苷、红景天素等,都能够通过抗氧化、抗炎症、抗细胞凋亡等药理学手段,对AD类神经系统退行性病变产生优异的神经防护作用。

红景天种质资源概况及其应用进展

红景天(Rhodiola rosea L.)作为一种重要的中草药植物,因其丰富的药用价值和多领域的应用潜力而引起了广泛关注。红景天作为传统草药,具有抗缺氧、清肺止咳、抗衰老等功效,其中红景天苷、咖啡酸等活性成分为其药用效果提供了分子基础。分子生物学手段在红景天研究中的应用拓展了对其遗传多样性、种质资源特征以及分子机制的认识。此外,红景天在食品、养殖和化妆品等领域的应用显示出广泛的市场潜力。红景天与不同食材相结合创造了多种新型食品产品,其添加在养殖饲料中改善了动物生产性能和免疫力,同时其提取物在化妆品中具备美白和抗衰老特性。然而,红景天的研究和应用仍然面临一些挑战,如资源保护、临床验证等。为此,对红景天种质资源及现代应用进行梳理与总结,以期为加强现代生物技术与传统草药学的融合,以及红景天在健康、生产和美容等领域的持续创新提供新的思路。

承德地区红景天组培苗消毒条件筛选及启动培养研究

[目的]保护承德地区红景天种质资源,提高其增殖效率。[方法]采用植物组织培养技术,通过研究不同消毒剂种类和时间,不同升汞浓度以及酒精和升汞不同消毒时间组合对红景天茎段组培成活率的影响,探索最适合红景天外植体的消毒条件;通过研究不同种类和浓度生长调节剂对红景天启动培养的影响,探索最适合红景天启动培养的生长调节剂组合配比。[结果]当6-BA和NAA浓度均为1.0 mg/L时,红景天组培苗的分化率和平均株高均为最高,分化率为80%,平均株高为3.6 cm。[结论]75%酒精消毒10 s、0.1%升汞消毒8 min是最适合红景天外植体处理的组合配比;最适合红景天启动培养的培养基为MS+6 g/L琼脂+30 g/L蔗糖+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L NAA。

红景天治疗内囊预警综合征的临床效果

目的:探讨红景天治疗内囊预警综合征(CWS)的临床效果。方法:选取北京中医医院怀柔医院2021年4月—2023年8月收治的CWS患者86例为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各43例。对照组予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上予红景天水煎剂治疗。对比两组治疗效果、大脑中动脉血流及不良反应。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.020)。治疗前,两组大脑中动脉血流量、血流速度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗14 d后,两组大脑中动脉血流量、血流速度高于治疗前,观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:红景天治疗CWS的临床效果较好,可改善脑部血液供应,安全性佳。

基于电子鼻气味信息区分4个品种红景天

采用电子鼻技术测定4个品种红景天的挥发性气味信息,结合负荷加载分析(LA)、主成分分析(PCA)、线性判别分析(LDA)、Fisher判别、多层感知器(MLP)神经网络对其进行品种区分。结果表明:W1W(硫化物)、W2W(芳香成分、有机硫化物)、W5S(氮氧化合物)传感器对红景天顶空气体信号较为敏感,是区分不同品种红景天的主要传感器;PCA分析主成分1贡献率为46.925%,主成分2贡献率为36.133%,总贡献率为83.058%,可有效区分出大花红景天,但其他3个品种之间不能有效区分;LDA分析主成分1贡献率为94.6%,主成分2贡献率为5.2%,总贡献率为99.8%,可将4个品种完全区分;Fisher判别对红景天品种判别率为100%,交叉检验判别率为97.5%,错判率为2.5%;多层感知器神经网络对红景天品种判别率为98.48%。

络塞维对阿尔茨海默病抗炎作用机制的研究进展

随着我国社会老龄化日益加剧,阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)作为老年人群中最常见的神经退行性疾病之一,给社会和家庭带来巨大的经济负担和精神压力。近年来AD的发病机制仍未明确,但在患者脑内老年斑和神经纤维缠结周边有大量小胶质细胞(microglia)聚集,斑块内也有小胶质细胞浸润和炎症因子的释放形成的神经炎症,加剧了AD的发生和发展。藏药红景天活性成分络塞维(rosavin)药理作用广泛,具有良好的抗炎症作用。文章通过络塞维对AD中小胶质细胞的抗炎作用机制研究进展进行综述,为藏药红景天防治阿尔茨海默病的深入研究和开发新的靶向治疗药物提供参考。

Salidroside attenuates oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury by inhibiting ferroptosis

Objective: To evaluate the effect of salidroside on oxygen and glucose deprivation(OGD)-treated NT2 cells and its underlying mechanisms of action.Methods: Retinoic acid was used to induce the differentiation of NT2 cells into neurons. The effects of salidroside on survival, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress of neurons undergoing OGD were evaluated. Using precursor cells as controls, the effect of salidroside on the differentiation progression of OGDtreated cells was evaluated. In addition, the effect of erastin, a ferroptosis inducer, on NT2 cells was examined to investigate the underlying mechanisms of neuroprotective action of salidroside.Results: Salidroside alleviated the effects of OGD on neuronal survival, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and promoted NT2 cell differentiation. Moreover, salidroside prevented ferroptosis of OGD-treated cells, which was abolished following erastin treatment, indicating that ferroptosis mediated the regulatory pathway of salidroside.Conclusions: Salidroside attenuates OGD-induced neuronal injury by inhibiting ferroptosis and promotes neuronal differentiation.

Traditional Chinese medicine for acute mountain sickness prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for preventing acute mountain sickness(AMS).Methods: We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs) which evalueded the effect of TCM for preventing AMS, compared with a placebo, no treatment or acetazolamide. The literature was searched in 6major databases. RevMan 5.4 software was used for the meta-analysis. The relative risk for discrete variables and the mean difference for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were applied to express the effect size. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk assessment tool 2.0(RoB 2.0), and the evidence certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and the Development and Evaluation(GRADE) approach.Results: Twenty RCTs involving 3015 participants and 16 TCM patent drugs were included. The overall risk of bias in the majority of studies(15/20) was of some concerns. In terms of the AMS incidence,Rhodiola rosea(R. rosea, Hong Jing Tian) and Ginkgo biloba(G. biloba, Yin Xing Ye) were equivalent to the placebo/no treatment [RR(95% CI): 0.66(0.43-1.01), 0.82(0.63-1.06), respectively]. The AMS incidence in the G. biloba group was higher than that in the acetazolamide group [RR(95% CI): 2.92(1.69-5.06)]. In terms of improving the AMS symptom score on days 1 and 3 in the plateau, R. rosea and G. biloba were superior to the placebo or no treatment [MD(95% CI):-0.98(-1.71,-0.25),-2.05(-3.14,-0.95), respectively]. The other 14 Chinese patent medicines were evaluated in a single trial, and the majority of the results were negative. The subgroup analysis showed that the effect of R. rosea was related to the intervention time, way of ascending, and altitude.Conclusion: R. rosea and G. biloba were effective in improving AMS symptoms but had no effect in reducing the AMS incidence. There was insufficient evidence to support the use of other TCM patent drugs to prevent AMS. More randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials are warranted to evaluate and screen effective Chinese patent medicines for AMS prevention.

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨人参-红景天治疗心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的作用机制

目的采用网络药理学方法、分子对接技术及实验研究,探究人参-红景天治疗心肌缺血/再灌注损伤(myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,MIRI)的作用靶点及机制。方法通过TCMSP数据库及文献补充筛选人参-红景天的有效活性成分及靶点,检索GENECARDS、DISGENET、DRUGBANK数据库得到MIRI靶点,使用STRING数据库构造功能蛋白相互作用网络(PPI),筛出核心靶点;并选择DAVID数据库进行基因本体功能分析(GO)和KEGG信号通路富集分析;最后借助分子对接技术及实验研究进行初步验证。结果获得人参-红景天有效活性成分43种,潜在靶点348个,并发现IL-6、TNF-α、VEGFA等靶点与MIRI密切相关,主要涉及TNF、PI3K-Akt、HIF-1等信号通路。分子对接结果显示,豆甾醇、人参皂苷rh2及红景天苷与IL-6、TNF-α、Caspase-3等靶点均有较好的结合作用且匹配度高,其中结合性最好的是Caspase-3与人参皂苷rh2,实验研究结果显示,人参-红景天可改善MIRI后心肌组织坏死,减轻心肌细胞水肿及血管充血情况,并降低MIRI大鼠中TNF-α及IL-6的表达水平。结论人参-红景天可能通过豆甾醇、人参皂苷rh2及红景天苷来调控IL-6、TNF-α、Caspase-3等多个靶点,抑制炎症及氧化应激反应,减轻心肌细胞损伤,发挥对MIRI的治疗作用。