Studies on the Chemical Constituents of the Roots of Rhododendron Molle G. Don

The compounds from the root of Rhododendron molle G.Don were isolated, purified by various chromatographic techniques, and their structures were identified according to the physical and chemical features and spectral data. Three compounds were separated from the root of Rhododendron molle G.Don and identified as Rhodojaponin-Ⅲ, taraxerol, β-sitosterol for the first time.

One New Diterpene Glucoside from the Roots of Rhododendron molle

One new grayanane diterpene glucoside, rhodomoside A 1 was isolated from the roots of Rhododendron molle G. Don (Ericaccae). Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.

Two New Phenolic Glycosides from the Roots of Rhododendron molle

Two new phenolic glycosides, everninic acid methyl ester-2-O-b-D- xylopyran- osyl-(16)-b-D-glucopyranoside 1 and 7-hydroxy-5-methoxyphthalide-7-b-D- xylopyranosyl- (16)-b-D-glucopyranoside 2 were isolated from the roots of Rhododendron molle G. Don. Their structures were determined by spectral evidence including 2D NMR techniques.

羊踯躅(Rhododendron molle)生物学特性观察Ⅰ

本文采用直接观测法,对羊踯躅四年生种苗的根、茎、叶进行观察、测量、称量、计算,结果表明,羊踯躅的地下部分根颈部粗大,须根系庞大;茎分枝较少,萌生枝条和多年生枝同时并存,其生长量与落叶灌木玫瑰的生长量基本相似;叶着生在当年生枝条的顶端,叶片覆盖面积为80.2%,滞水量95.5%。

Chemical constituents from the flowers of Rhododendron molle G. Don

The aim of current study was to investigate the chemical constituents from the flowers of Rhododendron molle G. Don. The isolation and purification of components were achieved by a series of chromatography including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were identified based on 1D, 2D NMR, and mass spectral analysis. Fifteen known compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as 2E,4Z-abscisic acid（1）, 2α-hydroxy-oleanolic acid（2）, oleanic acid（3）, asiatic acid（4）, benzyl glucoside（5）, dibutyl phthalate（6）, β-sitosterol（7）, vitexin（8）, quercetin（9）, steraric acid（10）, rhodomollein I（11）, rhodojaponin VI（12）, rhodomollein XI（13）, rhodojaponin II（14）, kalmanol（15）. Compounds 1–10 were isolated from Rhododendron molle for the first time.

Antinociceptive grayanane-derived diterpenoids from flowers of Rhododendron molle

Twelve new grayanoids(1-12)along with five known compounds were isolated from flowers of Rhododendron molle.Their structures were fully characterized using a combination of spectroscopic analyses,computational calculations,and single crystal X-ray diffraction.Rhomollone A(1)possesses an unprecedented 5/6/6/5 tetra-cyclic ring system(B-nor grayanane)incorporating a cyclopentene-1,3-dione scaffold.Rhodomollein XLIII(2)is a dimeric grayanoid,containing a novel 14-membered heterocyclic ring with a C2 symmetry axis.The antinociceptive activities of compounds 3,4,6,7,and 12-17 were evaluated by an acetic acid-induced writhing test.Among them,compounds 3,7,12,15 and 16 displayed significant antinociceptive activities at a dose of 20 mg/kg with inhibition rates ranging from41.9%to 91.6%.Compounds 6 and 13 inhibited 46.0%and 39.4%of the acetic acid-induced writhes at a dose of 2 mg/kg,while compound 17 inhibited 34.3%of the writhes at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg.

Anti-rheumatoid arthritis potential of diterpenoid fraction derived from Rhododendron molle fruits

Rhododendron molle G.Don is first recorded in Shengnong’s Herbal Classic,and its fruits,which are termed as Liuzhouzi,are often used to treat rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese folk.During our ongoing investigation to develop a safer and potential new arthritis therapy,a process for the preparation of diterpenoid fraction from Rhododendron molle fruits was established.In order to evaluate the main components and the anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect of the diterpenoid fraction,phytochemical and pharmacological experiments were used.As the result,the main components of diterpenoid fraction were identified as rhodojaponinⅢ(1),rhodojaponinⅥ(2),2-O-methylrhodojaponin(3),and 5′-β-D-glucopyranosy-loxyjasmonic acid(4).These four components constitute greater than 95%of diterpenoid fraction using area normalization method of HPLC-ELSD.The results of CIA rat experiment showed that high dose of diterpenoid fraction(0.6 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))significantly alleviated the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis,similar to tripterygium polyglycosides,an effective RA therapy.Preliminary mechanism studies indicated that diterpenoid fraction significantly inhibited the abnormal proliferation of T and B lymphocytes,and remarkably reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6,IL^(-1)βand TNF-α.Overall,our findings may provide a more effective and safe alternative treatment for RA using common clinical Chinese medicines like tripterygium polyglycosides.

Highly Oxygenated Dimeric Grayanane Diterpenoids as Analgesics:TRPV1 and TRPA1 Dual Antagonists from Rhododendron molle

Six highly oxygenated dimeric grayanane diterpenoids(1—6)including three new ones,bismollethers A—C(1—3),were isolated from the flowers of Rhododendron molle collected at Qichun,Hubei,China.The structures and relative configurations of 1—6 were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and 13C NMR calculation with DP4+analysis.The absolute configurations of bismollethers A—C(1—3)and birhodomollein B(5)were indubitably assigned by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis,revealing the head-to-tail linking manner of diterpenoid monomers.Bismollether A(1)is a caged dimeric grayanane diterpenoid linked through two oxygen-bridges of C-2−O−C-14′and C-14−O−C-2′,featuring a unique 1,8-dioxacyclotetradecane motif.The plausible biosynthesis pathways of 1—6 are proposed.All the isolates displayed significant analgesic activities and their structure-activity relationships were discussed.Grayanane diterpenoid dimers were found to be TRPV1 and TRPA1 dual antagonists,and docking studies provide a structural basis to design potent analgesics.

Three new dimeric diterpenes from Rhododendron molle

Birhodomolleins A-C（1-3）,three novel diterpenoids dimerized from two grayanane diterpenes through an oxygen bridge,were isolated from the flowers of Rhododendron molle.Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of their 1D and 2D NMR and other spectroscopic data.Birhodomollein A（1） contains a rare chloro-substitution on one of the grayanane moieties.These are the first examples of dimeric diterpenes from the Ericaceae family.

Rhododendron Molle(Ericaceae):phytochemistry,pharmacology,and toxicology

Rhododendron molle G. Don, belonging to the Ericaceae family, is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. This paper aimed to review the phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of R. molle, and to discuss the tendency of future investigations on this plant. A systematic review of literature about R. molle was carried out using resources including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine, and scientific data bases including CNKI, Pubmed, Sci Finder, Scopus, and Web of Science. Over 67 compounds, including diterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, and lignans, had been extracted and identified from R. molle. The extracts/monomers isolated from the root, flower and fruits of this plant were used as effective agents for treating pains, inflammatory diseases, hypertension, and pest, etc. In addition, diterpenes, such as rhodojaponin III, were considered as the toxic agents associated with the toxicities of this plant. These findings will be significant for the discovery of new drugs from this plant and full utilization of R. molle.

黄杜鹃根化学成分及镇痛网络药理学研究

研究黄杜鹃根的化学成分及镇痛的作用机制,为揭示黄杜鹃根镇痛药效物质基础提供理论依据。本文运用大孔树脂、硅胶柱色谱和制备色谱对黄杜鹃根进行化学成分分离,利用^(1)H NMR、^(13)C NMR、MS等波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构;综合成分结果联合网络药理学分析黄杜鹃根镇痛作用的主要靶点和关键通路。结果表明,共分离鉴定得到9个化合物:3个二氢查尔酮类化合物,分别是4’-O-甲基根皮苷(1)、根皮素4’-O-葡萄糖苷(2)、根皮素(3);3个三萜类化合物,分别是齐墩果酸(4)、白桦酸(5)、熊果酸(6);3个脂肪酸类化合物,分别是棕榈酸(7)、硬脂酸(8)、山嵛酸(9);网络药理学结果表明,分离得到的9个化合物主要作用在MAPK1、MAPK3、MAPK8、IL-6、CASP3等靶点,通过调控花生四烯酸代谢、炎症介质对色氨酸通道等信号通路发挥抗炎镇痛作用。该研究初步阐明黄杜鹃根的化学成分及潜在的作用机制,为筛选黄杜鹃根镇痛的药效成分及深入阐明作用机制提供了理论依据。

黄杜鹃提取物对小菜蛾的产卵忌避和杀卵作用

报道了闹羊花素 III(简称R III)和黄杜鹃花乙酸乙酯 (EtOAc)萃取物等对小菜蛾 (PlutellaxylostellaL .)的产卵忌避和杀卵作用 .在非选择性和选择性试验处理后 72h ,R III(ρ =0 5g·L-1)的产卵忌避率分别为 77 5 4%和80 1 3% ,EtOAc萃取物 (ρ =5g·L-1)的忌避率分别为 5 5 86 %和 6 6 0 1 % .经R III和EtOAc萃取物处理后 ,叶背与叶面卵数之比显著变小 ,卵孵化率明显降低 以 ρ =0 1g·L-1R III处理后 5d ,杀卵率可达 6 6 % .

羊踯躅果实中的二萜化合物

从杜鹃花科植物羊踯躅(Rhododendron molle)的果实中分离并鉴定出2种新的木藜芦烷型二萜化合物rhodomolleins ⅩⅨ(1)和ⅩⅩ(2)以及1种已知的木藜芦烷型二萜化合物rhodojaponinⅢ(3),它们的结构通过多种波谱方法测定;化合物3在离体豚鼠心肌细胞实验中对钠离子通道电流有显著抑制作用(p<0.05),显示对钠离子通道有拮抗作用,从而从单细胞及离子通道水平阐明了该化合物对心肌细胞作用的部分离子机制.

黄杜鹃花提取物对甜菜夜蛾的生物活性

测定了闹羊花素 - ( Rhodjaponin- ,简称 R- )等黄杜鹃花提取物对甜菜夜蛾的生物活性。结果表明 ,在非选择性和选择性条件下 ,R- 对甜菜夜蛾 3龄幼虫拒食作用的 AFC50 分别是 30 .71和 7.30 mg·L- 1;乙酸乙酯 ( Et OAc)萃取物的 AFC50 分别是 80 8.82和 650 .43mg· L- 1,拒食活性显著高于其他粗提物。连续饲喂 48h后 ,至第 5天 ,R- 和Et OAc萃取物对试虫的生长抑制中质量浓度 ( IC50 )分别是 1 3.1 1和 1 1 53.48mg·L- 1。

黄杜鹃提取物对亚洲玉米螟生物活性的研究

本文报道了闹羊花素 - ( Rhodojaponin- ,简称 R- )和黄杜鹃花乙酸乙酯 ( Et OAc)提取物对亚洲玉米螟 Ostrenia furnacalis Guenée3龄幼虫的拒食、生长抑制和毒杀作用。以饲料柱法测定 R- 和 Et OAc提取物的非选择性拒食作用 AFC50 为 77.0 2和 384 .30 mg/ kg,而以虫重法表示时 ,则分别为15.60和 2 55.4 4 mg/ kg。以 R- 2 0 0 mg/ kg连续饲喂 4天后 ,换为无毒饲料至 15天 ,试虫死亡率为86.67% ,L T50 为 2 .99天 ;以 Et OAc提取物 2 0 0 0 mg/ kg处理时 ,同期的死亡率 66.67% ,LT50 为 3.85天。R- 和 Et OAc提取物的生长抑制中浓度 IC50 分别为 9.30和 39.64mg/ kg。文中还讨论了亚洲玉米螟拒食作用的测定方法和 R- “取食后效应”

濒危黄杜鹃的离体快速繁殖体系研究

以濒危野生黄杜鹃(Rhododendron molleG.Don)茎尖为试材,比较研究3种不同基本培养基和9个激素浓度组合对不定芽增殖的影响,以建立黄杜鹃的快速繁殖体系。结果表明:3种不同基本培养基对野生黄杜鹃不定芽增殖的效果差异显著;相同激素种类与浓度下,WPM培养基上的不定芽增殖系数最大,达10.5。激素种类与浓度对黄杜鹃不定芽的增殖影响差异很大,以单独使用1.0 mg/L ZT最佳,再生率达100%,不定芽增殖系数为10.5。综合分析显示,黄杜鹃不定芽增殖的最佳培养条件为WPM+ZT 1.00 mg/L;健壮、整齐一致的不定芽在1/2 WPM+0.05 mg/L NAA上生根,40 d后生根率可达86.7%,驯化成活率达92.86%。

黄杜鹃不同部位有效成分含量及对害虫拒食作用的研究

黄杜鹃 (Rhododendronmolle)中活性最高的化合物闹羊花素 (Rhodojaponin) -Ⅲ在花、嫩叶、根、茎中的含量分别为 0 2 0 %、0 1 4 %、0 1 1 %、0 0 8% ,其花、嫩叶、根的粗提物对菜粉蝶 5龄幼虫和斜纹夜蛾 3龄幼虫具有一定的拒食作用 ,而茎无明显的拒食效果 黄杜鹃花、嫩叶、根、茎各部位甲醇粗提物在 φ =1 0 0 %时对菜粉蝶 5龄幼虫 2 4h的拒食率分别为 92 76 %、86 78%、74 90 %、6 3 80 % ,对斜纹夜蛾 3龄幼虫的拒食率分别为 89 94%、80 0 6 %、73 4 8%和 6 3 2 2 % ,Rhodojaponin

中国羊踯躅花化学成分研究

从国产杜鹃花科植物羊踯躅(Rhododendron molle G.Don)的花中分离得到两种有药理活性的成分。经光谱(IR,MS,~1HNMR,^(13)CNMR,~1H-~1H COSY,~1H-~1H NOESY,^(13)C-~1H COSY)等分析证明其中一种为新的四环二萜类化合物。命名为羊踯躅素Ⅲ(rhodomollein Ⅲ)(1)。

5种植物乙醇提取物抑菌杀虫活性

【目的】研究5种植物乙醇提取物的抑菌杀虫活性,并对杀蝗活性最高的闹羊花提取物进行活性物质的分离,为进一步研究其杀蝗活性物质的结构和其作用机理提供参考。【方法】筛选铁棒锤Aconitum Pendulum、肉豆蔻Myristica fragrans Houtt、(紫丱子)紫铆Butea monosperma (Lan.)Kuntze、翼首草Pterocephalus hookeri和闹羊花Rhododendron mole 5种植物乙醇提取物,分别测定其对植物病原真菌的抑制活性,对蚜虫和东亚飞蝗的毒力;采用连续分级萃取法和柱层析法分离闹羊花的杀蝗活性物质。【结果】肉豆蔻提取物在1 000mg·L^-1质量浓度下对番茄绵腐病菌、苹果轮纹病菌和水稻纹枯病菌的抑制率分别为75.23%、77.78%和88.85%;48h后闹羊花提取物在2 000mg·L^-1质量浓度下对蚜虫的致死率为55.38%,10 000mg·L^-1下的致死率为100%;闹羊花提取物在10 000mg·L^-1质量浓度下,24h后对蝗虫的致死率为44.83%,96h后的致死率为86.96%。从闹羊花提取物中分离得到的活性物质流分Ⅲ-2-2,在1 000mg·L^-1质量浓度下,24h后对蝗虫的致死率为53.57%,120h后的致死率为90.48%。【结论】肉豆蔻提取物的抑菌活性最高;闹羊花提取物对蚜虫和蝗虫的毒杀活性最高;闹羊花提取物中杀蝗活性物质集中在石油醚萃取物和二氯甲烷萃取物,从二氯甲烷萃取物中分离得到对蝗虫毒杀活性最高的流分Ⅲ-2-2。

黄杜鹃提取物对几种害虫的生物活性及其作用机理的初步研究

本文对黄杜鹃花提取物进行了生物活性研究。同时报道了黄杜鹃花提取物对粘虫、小菜蛾的拒食和胃毒活性试验以及对菜青虫的盆栽防治试验。并对黄杜鹃提取物较纯组份FC—22的作用机理进行了初步研究。结果发现,黄杜鹃氯仿、苯及二氯甲烷抽提物都有较高的活性。害虫取食黄杜鹃活性物质后会迅速出现兴奋、痉挛、呕吐等症状。FC—22是目前我们分离出活性最高的组份。150ppmFC—22对五龄粘虫幼虫的拒食率达93％。FC—22对三龄粘虫的LC_(50)为209ppm。对小菜蛾抗性及敏感两个品系的比较试验表明,抗杀灭菊酯的小菜蛾对黄杜鹃花二氯甲烷提取物没有表现出抗性。黄杜鹃提取物对菜青虫的盆栽防治效果较好,残效较长,在施药初期黄杜鹃提取物对菜白蝶有明显的产卵忌避作用,对孵化后的菜青虫一岭幼虫有较强的毒杀作用,但无杀卵作用。另外,对粘虫呼吸作用及多功能氧化酶测定结果表明,黄杜鹃提取物FC—22对粘虫幼虫的呼吸作用有一定影响,对粘虫的多功能氧化酶活性有诱导作用。