米糠、锯末与蛋鸡粪堆肥过程中氮素的变化特征

探讨米糠、锯末与蛋鸡粪堆肥过程中氮素的变化特征,旨在为制定蛋鸡粪堆肥规模化生产中减少氮素损失、减少氨气挥发的调控措施提供科学依据。试验设4个处理,蛋鸡粪-米糠、蛋鸡粪-锯末,隔天翻堆1次;蛋鸡粪-米糠-锯末、蛋鸡粪-锯末,每天翻堆1次,定期测定物料理化指标。研究表明,堆肥过程中,铵态氮向硝态氮转化受抑制,氮素转化以有机氮与铵态氮间的相互转化以及铵态氮以氨气形式挥发为主,铵态氮主要以氨气形式挥发造成全氮损失。氮素转化与损失与堆肥温度、pH、O2等环境参数有关,高温、高pH促进氨气挥发;充足的氧气可促进铵态氮向微生物量态氮(有机氮)转化。这些参数主要受堆体结构对堆肥氧气供应和有机质分解的影响。因此,可以尝试在米糠和锯末中添加来源广泛的秸秆类辅料,通过改善堆体结构(容重)来减少氮素损失。

两种我国常见生物质的热解特性研究

联用动态热重分析（TG）和微商热重分析（DTG）研究米糠和木屑的热解特性．结果表明：米糠试样和木屑试样的热解发生在200℃～500℃之间．分两步进行．通过分析对比米糠和木屑的热解特征曲线得出．米糠试样相对于木屑试样具有较高的难挥发组分含量和较低的热稳定性．

Kinetic Characteristics in Pyrolysis of RPF with Additives

PVC（polyvinyl chloride） was isolated from waste plastic before manufacturing RPF（refuse paper ＆ plastic fuel）, and the characteristics of manufactured RPF including properties, calorific value, pyrolysis, chlorine content and kinetics analysis were analyzed. Based on the result of TGA（Thermogravimetric analysis）, the kinetics characteristics was analyzed by using Kissinger method and Ozawa method which are the most common methods for obtaining activation energy, and the experimental conditions of TGA were set as follows： in a nitrogen atmosphere, with gas flow rate of 20mL/min, heating rate of 5-50 ℃/min, and maximum temperature of 800 ℃. In conclusion, the activation energy showed a tendency to gradually increase by a rise of reaction rate. Although the activation energy with pyrolysis of RPF was irregularly scattered, it was shown that the activation energy was stabilized by co-pyrolysis of RPF and additives（rice bran and sawdust）.

木屑、秸秆、米糠等调理剂对污泥堆肥影响

污泥好氧堆肥是一种重要的污泥处理处置方式。为探究污泥堆肥园林绿化的可行性及挑选污泥堆肥的最优辅料,本研究采用木屑、秸秆、米糠三种材料分别于污泥混合之后进行自然静态堆肥,对堆肥过程中的温度,以及堆肥结束之后产品的有机质、含水率、总养分、pH等进行分析。最终发现,添加堆肥体量、使用比表面积更小的堆肥桶更有助于堆体的保温,有利于延长高温期;添加含有蛋白酶、纤维素的菌剂可以提高堆体的最高温度及堆体中的有机物含量和腐殖化程度,其中有机质含量提高了23.6%,腐殖质含量提高了10.4%;在各组的中,其中G组表现最为优秀,在辅料的选择中木屑+秸秆>米糠+秸秆>米糠组;米糠组存在的N素流失的问题,可能是由于C/N过低和pH过高导致。由于污泥本底值中重金属含量较高,农业利用可能造成生态风险,因此仅推荐园林绿化使用。