This paper aims to demonstrate the relationships between ENSO and rice production of Jiangxi province in order to identify the reason that ENSO might have little effect on Chinese rice production. Using a data set wit...This paper aims to demonstrate the relationships between ENSO and rice production of Jiangxi province in order to identify the reason that ENSO might have little effect on Chinese rice production. Using a data set with measures of Jiangxi＇s climate and rice production, we find the reason that during 1985 and 2004 ENSO＇s well correlated with rainfall did not promote Chinese rice production. First, the largest effects of ENSO mostly occur in the months when there is no rice in the field. Second, there is almost no temperature effect. Finally, the monthly distribution of rainfall is almost the same in ENSO and neutral years because the largest effects are during months when there is the least rain. In addition, due to the high irrigation share and reliable and effective irrigation facilities of cultivated land, China＇s rice production is less climate-sensitive.展开更多
Results from ten-year (1990 - 1999) field experiments indicated that the productivity and the soil fertility of rice cropping system were significantly influenced by the fertilization system adopted in red soil area o...Results from ten-year (1990 - 1999) field experiments indicated that the productivity and the soil fertility of rice cropping system were significantly influenced by the fertilization system adopted in red soil area of China. Contrasting with no-fertili/er treatment (CK), yield-increase rate of organic matter cycling, chemical NPK and inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation treatments were 56.5% , 62.5% and 80.7% , respectively. In the case of optimum fertilization system, the largest contribution of inorganic fertilizer to the yield was 38.5% while that of inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation was 44.7%. The content of soil organic matter changed in tendency from decrease to equilibrium with heightened the extent of N, P and K incorporation while that of inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation could be enhanced further. After N, P and K entered into the rice cropping system and maintained organic matter cycling in the system, the pools of total N, P and K could be strengthened.展开更多
于江西鄱阳、上高县,选用代表性晚粳稻品种(武运粳24、南粳44、镇稻11、常优1号、常优5号、甬优8号),在高产栽培条件下以当地代表性晚籼稻品种为对照,系统比较了粳、籼稻间产量、品质和效益的差异,初步阐明了双季晚粳生产力优势,并从温...于江西鄱阳、上高县,选用代表性晚粳稻品种(武运粳24、南粳44、镇稻11、常优1号、常优5号、甬优8号),在高产栽培条件下以当地代表性晚籼稻品种为对照,系统比较了粳、籼稻间产量、品质和效益的差异,初步阐明了双季晚粳生产力优势,并从温光利用、株型、光合物质生产等方面探讨了其优势形成的生态生理特征。结果表明,3年晚粳平均产量分别为9.6、8.3、9.9 t hm–2(2011年上高县甬优8号最高产量田块达10.6 t hm–2),极显著高于晚籼,而其产量高的主要原因是每穗粒数、结实率显著或极显著高于籼稻;晚粳加工品质、食味品质优于晚籼(晚粳出糙率、精米率、整精米率显著或极显著高;籽粒直链淀粉、蛋白质含量显著或极显著低,胶稠度显著或极显著长),外观品质逊于晚籼(粳稻的垩白率、垩白大小、垩白度均显著或极显著高于籼稻);晚粳效益高于晚籼(3年晚粳的纯收益分别为11 890.6、10 252.1、16 565.9元hm–2,分别高23.8%、23.6%、26.7%)。双季晚粳生产力优势形成的相关生理生态特征为,较籼稻全生育期特别是结实期明显延长,抽穗结实期较籼稻适应凉爽气候,增加对温光资源利用,能正常成熟;后期有较高光合生产能力,增大了群体光合物质生产积累量,源库协调性好,库容总充实量高;生育后期在偏低温气候下不早衰,维持较强根系和较大茎鞘强度,具有较强群体抗倒伏能力。展开更多
基金US National Natural Science Foundation, No.0624359 Knowledge Innovation Program of the CAS, No.KSCX1-YW-09+5 种基金 No.KZCX2-YW-305-2 National Key Technology R＆D Program of China, No.2006BAC08B06 No.2008BAK50B06 No.2008BAK47B02 No.2008BAC44B04 China State Major Project for Water Pollution Control and Management, No.2009ZX07106-001 Acknowledgement We are grateful to FANG Yu and YAN Bangyou from the Mountain, River and Lake Office of Jiangxi and WANG Xiaohong, Deputy Director General of the Department of Science and Technology of Jiangxi Provincial Government for their assistance on this project.
文摘This paper aims to demonstrate the relationships between ENSO and rice production of Jiangxi province in order to identify the reason that ENSO might have little effect on Chinese rice production. Using a data set with measures of Jiangxi＇s climate and rice production, we find the reason that during 1985 and 2004 ENSO＇s well correlated with rainfall did not promote Chinese rice production. First, the largest effects of ENSO mostly occur in the months when there is no rice in the field. Second, there is almost no temperature effect. Finally, the monthly distribution of rainfall is almost the same in ENSO and neutral years because the largest effects are during months when there is the least rain. In addition, due to the high irrigation share and reliable and effective irrigation facilities of cultivated land, China＇s rice production is less climate-sensitive.
文摘Results from ten-year (1990 - 1999) field experiments indicated that the productivity and the soil fertility of rice cropping system were significantly influenced by the fertilization system adopted in red soil area of China. Contrasting with no-fertili/er treatment (CK), yield-increase rate of organic matter cycling, chemical NPK and inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation treatments were 56.5% , 62.5% and 80.7% , respectively. In the case of optimum fertilization system, the largest contribution of inorganic fertilizer to the yield was 38.5% while that of inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation was 44.7%. The content of soil organic matter changed in tendency from decrease to equilibrium with heightened the extent of N, P and K incorporation while that of inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation could be enhanced further. After N, P and K entered into the rice cropping system and maintained organic matter cycling in the system, the pools of total N, P and K could be strengthened.
文摘于江西鄱阳、上高县,选用代表性晚粳稻品种(武运粳24、南粳44、镇稻11、常优1号、常优5号、甬优8号),在高产栽培条件下以当地代表性晚籼稻品种为对照,系统比较了粳、籼稻间产量、品质和效益的差异,初步阐明了双季晚粳生产力优势,并从温光利用、株型、光合物质生产等方面探讨了其优势形成的生态生理特征。结果表明,3年晚粳平均产量分别为9.6、8.3、9.9 t hm–2(2011年上高县甬优8号最高产量田块达10.6 t hm–2),极显著高于晚籼,而其产量高的主要原因是每穗粒数、结实率显著或极显著高于籼稻;晚粳加工品质、食味品质优于晚籼(晚粳出糙率、精米率、整精米率显著或极显著高;籽粒直链淀粉、蛋白质含量显著或极显著低,胶稠度显著或极显著长),外观品质逊于晚籼(粳稻的垩白率、垩白大小、垩白度均显著或极显著高于籼稻);晚粳效益高于晚籼(3年晚粳的纯收益分别为11 890.6、10 252.1、16 565.9元hm–2,分别高23.8%、23.6%、26.7%)。双季晚粳生产力优势形成的相关生理生态特征为,较籼稻全生育期特别是结实期明显延长,抽穗结实期较籼稻适应凉爽气候,增加对温光资源利用,能正常成熟;后期有较高光合生产能力,增大了群体光合物质生产积累量,源库协调性好,库容总充实量高;生育后期在偏低温气候下不早衰,维持较强根系和较大茎鞘强度,具有较强群体抗倒伏能力。
