Electromagnetic separation of primary iron-rich phases from aluminum-silicon melt

The difference of conductivity between primary iron-rich phases and aluminum melt has been used to separate them by electromagnetic force (EMF) which is induced by imposing a direct electric current and a steady magnetic field in molten Al-Si alloy. Theoretical analysis and experiments on self-designed electromagnetic separation indicates that primary needle-like β phases are difficult to separate; while primary α iron-rich phases can be separated by electromagnetic separation. Primary iron-rich phases have been removed from the melt successfully when the molten metal flows horizontally through separation channel. The iron content is reduced from 1.13% to 0.41%.

Dynamic electromagnetic separation of iron-rich phase inclusions from Al alloy

Electromagnetic separation of the iron-rich phase inclusions from Al alloy was investigated. The influencing parameters including magnetic induction density, the section shape of the separating channel and the length of influential loop of the metal melt on the separation efficiency of iron-rich phase inclusions were studied. The results show that when the proper magnetic induction density (B=0.3T) is applied, rectangle separating channel is used, and the influential loop of the metal melt is long, high separating efficiency of the iron-rich phase inclusions can be obtained.

Dendrite-free lithium anode achieved under lean-electrolyte condition through the modification of separators with F-functionalized Ti_(3)C_(2)nanosheets

An unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and chaotic lithium ion fux are key impediments to commercial high-energy-density lithium batteries because of the uncontrolled growth of rigid lithium dendrites,which would pierce through the conventional polypropylene(PP)separator,causing short circuit and safety issues.Herein,the homogenization of lithium ion fux and the generation of stable SEI layers on lithium anodes were achieved via coating a fuorine-functionalized Ti_(3)C_(2)(F-Ti_(3)C_(2))nanosheets on PP separator(F-Ti_(3)C_(2)@PP).F-Ti_(3)C_(2)nanosheets provide abundant ions pathways to homogeneously manipulate lithium ion fux and increase the Young’s modulus and electrolyte wettability of the separators.In addition,F species derived from the F-Ti_(3)C_(2)nanosheets would promote the formation of Li F-rich SEI film.The synergistic effect contribute to the uniform lithium deposition.Symmetric Li|Li,asymmetric Li|Cu and full Li|Li Fe PO4cells incorporated with the modified separators exhibit improved electrochemical performance even under lean electrolyte conditions.This work provides a feasible strategy to improve the performance of lithium batteries through both fuoridized SEI formation and lithium ion fux manipulation.

Response Surface Modeling of Fuel Rich and Fuel Lean Catalytic Combustion of the Stabilized Confined Turbulent Gaseous Diffusion Flames

The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been applied to explore the thermal structure of the experimentally studied catalytic combustion of stabilized confined turbulent gaseous diffusion flames. The Pt/γAl2O3 and Pd/γAl2O3 disc burners were situated in the combustion domain and the experiments were performed under both fuel-rich and fuel-lean conditions at a modified equivalence (fuel/air) ratio (ø) of 0.75 and 0.25 respectively. The thermal structure of these catalytic flames developed over the Pt and Pd disc burners were inspected via measuring the mean temperature profiles in the radial direction at different discrete axial locations along the flames. The RSM considers the effect of the two operating parameters explicitly (r), the radial distance from the center line of the flame, and (x), axial distance along the flame over the disc, on the measured temperature of the flames and finds the predicted maximum temperature and the corresponding process variables. Also the RSM has been employed to elucidate such effects in the three and two dimensions and displays the location of the predicted maximum temperature.

Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network Methods Comparative Assessment for Fuel Rich and Fuel Lean Catalytic Combustion

Modeling, predictive and generalization capabilities of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) have been performed to assess the thermal structure of the experimentally studied catalytic combustion of stabilized confined turbulent gaseous diffusion flames. The Pt/γAl2O3 and Pd/γAl2O3 disc burners were located in the combustion domain and the experiments were accomplished under both fuel-rich and fuel-lean conditions at a modified equivalence (fuel/air) ratio (ø) of 0.75 and 0.25, respectively. The thermal structure of these catalytic flames developed over the Pt and Pd disc burners was scrutinized via measuring the mean temperature profiles in the radial direction at different discrete axial locations along with the flames. The RSM and ANN methods investigated the effect of the two operating parameters namely (r), the radial distance from the center line of the flame, and (x), axial distance along with the flame over the disc, on the measured temperature of the flames and predicted the corresponding temperatures beside predicting the maximum temperature and the corresponding input process variables. A three-layered Feed Forward Neural Network was developed in conjugation with the hyperbolic tangent sigmoid (tansig) transfer function and an optimized topology of 2:10:1 (input neurons:hidden neurons:output neurons). Also the ANN method has been exploited to illustrate the effects of coded R and X input variables on the response in the three and two dimensions and to locate the predicted maximum temperature. The results indicated the superiority of ANN in the prediction capability as the ranges of & F_Ratio are 0.9181 - 0.9809 & 634.5 - 3528.8 for RSM method compared to 0.9857 - 0.9951 & 7636.4 - 24,028.4 for ANN method beside lower values for error analysis terms.

SMR制氢工艺中温变换气脱碳改进工艺模拟及参数优化

提出“富液回流-贫液余热利用”脱碳改进工艺,以降低甲烷蒸汽重整转化制氢(SMR)工艺中脱除中温变换气中CO_(2)的能耗。以哌嗪活化的甲基二乙醇胺水溶液(质量分数为35%甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)、3.5%哌嗪(PZ)和61.5%H_(2)O)作为吸收剂,利用化工过程模拟软件对富液回流比、富液回流温度、半贫液侧抽流量和贫液流量等关键参数进行了敏感性分析,并优选出各关键工艺参数较合适的取值;使用数学统计分析软件对各个关键参数和系统等量功的相关性进行检验,并基于序贯二次规划算法(SQP)对贫液流量和富液回流温度2个关键参数进行优化。研究结果表明:优化后的“富液回流-贫液余热利用”改进工艺等量功28162.87 kW,与传统醇胺脱碳工艺等量功106702.39 kW相比降低了73.6%。

胺基材料在二氧化碳分离膜领域研究进展

膜法碳捕集是实现双碳目标的重要途径,但受限于材料本身,膜材料的分离性能存在上限。胺基材料可以和CO_(2)发生可逆反应,能够显著提高膜材料的分离性能,常被作为促进传质的载体引入到膜体系。本文介绍了胺基材料促进CO_(2)传质的机理,重点归纳了胺基材料引入到膜体系的4类方法(涂覆法、反应法、接枝法、掺杂法)及制备膜材料的性能,并分析其优势与不足。本文指出胺基材料促进CO_(2)传质机理需要进一步探索,强调开发高胺基密度的膜材料和以更加“牢固”的方式将胺基材料引入膜体系是领域未来需重点发展的方向,利用机器学习提高膜材料设计效率对该领域发展具有指导意义。分析表明真实工况下胺基膜材料的性能稳定性、设备稳定性以及工艺稳定性是值得关注的研究领域,建立完整的胺基膜法CO_(2)捕集技术链仍面临巨大挑战。

两级浓淡燃烧室内氨-氢-空气预混旋流燃烧过程的NO_(x)排放特性

为了掌握燃气轮机两级浓淡燃烧室内氨-氢-空气预混旋流火焰的NO_(x)排放特性和影响NO_(x)生成的动力学机制,对氨-氢-空气预混旋流燃烧过程进行了三维反应流数值模拟并开展了燃烧反应动力学特性研究.结果表明:在掺氢比为35%、压力为0.5 MPa且当量比为1.20的绝热燃烧工况下,NO_(x)排放可降至54×10^(-6)(15%O_(2)).H+O_(2)(+M)=HO_(2)(+M)是燃烧压力影响氨-氢燃料燃烧过程中NO_(x)排放的关键反应.燃烧压力的升高会促进NO与HO_(2)反应并转化为NO_(2).对于氨-氢混合燃料而言,过高的掺氢比(60%~80%)会导致NO_(x)排放显著升高,而根据壁面热损失程度的不同,适当的掺氢比(35%~55%)则有利于实现较低的NO_(x)排放(54×10^(-6)~86×10^(-6)(15%O_(2))).

淬熄高度和空气分配比例对RQL燃烧室燃烧特性的影响

基于富油/淬熄/贫油(RQL)技术原理,设计一种燃气轮机低排放燃烧室.在保持燃烧室进口参数不变的前提下,研究不同淬熄结构高度及空气流量分配比例对燃烧室内流场、温度场及污染物生成特性的影响.结果表明:淬熄结构高度和空气分配比例是影响燃烧室燃烧性能的重要参数,随着淬熄结构高度的降低,燃烧室出口氮氧化物NO_(x)的排放量增加;随着富油区主燃孔与淬熄空气质量流量的空气分配比例降低,燃烧室出口NO_(x)的排放量先降低后增加,存在一个最佳的空气分配比例使NO_(x)排放量最低;热力型NO_(x)的生成量与温度高于1900 K的区域大小和最高燃气温度存在直接关系.基于此设计的燃烧室在所研究的工况下,最低NO_(x)排放量可低于35 mg/m^(3),达到了低污染燃烧室排放标准.

高铁赤泥钙化还原过程液相生成抑制机理

高铁赤泥中赋存大量铁资源难以回收利用,钙化还原—磨选方法可实现赤泥中铁、铝组分的高效分离。针对高铁赤泥钙化还原过程中易形成液相,导致物料熔化和设备黏结的问题,本文提出分段式钙化还原—磨选技术路线,研究不同温度制度下,高铁赤泥钙化还原产物的形态、金属化率、微观结构、金属铁晶粒的生长规律和相关磨选指标。结果表明:采用分段钙化还原焙烧,可在低温阶段完成铁氧化物还原至金属铁和钙铝化合物形成的反应过程,在高温阶段完成金属铁颗粒的聚集长大过程,将低熔点物形成和高温焙烧分离进行,抑制液相生成。采用第一段1 125℃焙烧30 min、第二段1 200℃焙烧40 min的分段焙烧制度,还原过程无明显液相生成,金属铁颗粒的平均粒度达到21.52μm。还原产物经磨选后,所获得的还原铁粉TFe质量分数和Fe回收率分别达到92.84%和78.68%。本文研究成果可为高铁赤泥的资源化利用提供理论依据。

鞍山式贫赤铁矿尾矿预先分级-再选试验研究

为提高鞍山某铁尾矿的综合利用率,在工艺矿物学研究基础上进行了选矿试验研究。结果表明,铁尾矿试样中的主要成分SiO_(2)含量为79.77%,TFe品位为9.05%,有害成分S、P含量极低;试样中的主要铁矿物赤铁矿含量为9.47%,次要铁矿物为磁铁矿、褐铁矿,主要脉石矿物石英含量高达73.02%,其他脉石矿物少量;试样中的铁主要以赤褐铁的形式存在,分布率高达72.55%,磁性铁分布率仅为14.72%;试样粒度较粗,-0.074 mm产率仅44.68%,铁在细粒级有明显的富集现象。试样经脱粗(+0.074 mm)—1粗1精磁选—1粗2精2扫、中矿顺序返回流程反浮选,获得了TFe品位为60.56%、回收率为41.76%的再选铁精矿,产率为55.48%的+0.074 mm高硅粗砂,TFe品位为7.33%、回收率为31.02%的磁浮选综合尾矿产率仅38.28%,达到了较好的选铁、提粗砂、尾矿减量化的高效综合利用目标。

云南某贫细硫化铜矿石选矿工艺优化研究

云南某低品位细粒嵌布的铜矿石铜、硫品位分别为0.161%和9.704%,有价铜矿物嵌布粒度细,铜硫分离富集难度较大。为实现该硫化铜矿石资源的高效开发利用,在选厂原选矿流程及原矿工艺矿物学研究基础上,进行了系统的磨浮试验。结果表明:矿石采用磨矿—1粗2扫铜硫混合浮选—混浮粗精矿再磨—1粗3精2扫铜硫分离浮选闭路流程处理,可获得铜品位14.69%、铜回收率63.15%的铜精矿,硫品位29.16%、硫回收率75.10%的硫精矿,试验铜精矿品位较现场提高近3个百分点,铜回收率提高15个百分点以上,显著优于现场生产指标,达到了理想的综合回收铜硫效果。研究结果可作为工艺流程优化的依据。

合成氨装置低温甲醇洗系统贫甲醇含水量升高的原因分析及对策

针对中国石油吉林石化公司30万t/a合成氨装置在新增合成气净化系统的工艺改造后,低温甲醇洗系统贫甲醇含水量(质量分数,下同)异常升高(高达2.6%)并超过设计指标值(1.5%),不得不降负荷运行的情况,排查了相关影响因素,分析了导致甲醇/水分离塔塔板筛孔堵塞的原因,并实施了相应的工艺优化措施。结果表明:工艺优化措施实施后,大幅改善了甲醇/水分离塔的分离效果,不仅使该装置低温甲醇洗系统负荷率由82%提升至100%,还使贫甲醇含水量降低至0.4%。

Efficient nitric oxide capture and reduction on Ni-loaded CHA zeolites

As a prominent contributor to air pollution,nitric oxide(NO)has emerged as a critical agent causing detrimental environmental and health ramifications.To mitigate emissions and facilitate downstream utilization,adsorption-based techniques offer a compelling approach for direct NO capture from both stationary and mobile sources.In this study,a comprehensive exploration of NO capture under oxygen-lean and oxygenrich conditions was conducted,employing Ni ion-exchanged chabazite(CHA-type)zeolites as the adsorbents.Remarkably,Ni/Na-CHA zeolites,with Ni loadings ranging from 3 to 4 wt%,demonstrate remarkable dynamic uptake capacities and exhibit exceptional NO capture efficiencies(NO-to-Ni ratio)for both oxygen-lean(0.17-0.31 mmol/g,0.32-0.43 of NO/Ni)and oxygen-rich(1.64-1.18 mmol/g)under ambient conditions.An NH3 reduction methodology was designed for the regeneration of absorbents at a relatively low temperature of 673 K.Comprehensive insights into the NO_(x) adsorption mechanism were obtained through temperature-programmed desorption experiments,in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and density functional theory calculations.It is unveiled that NO and NO_(2) exhibit propensity to coordinate with Ni^(2+) via N-terminal or O-terminal,yielding thermally stable complexes and metastable species,respectively,while the low-temperature desorption substances are generated in close proximity to Na^(+).This study not only offers micro-level perspectives but imparts crucial insights for the advancement of capture and reduction technologies utilizing precious-metal-free materials.

超声引导下自体富血小板血浆注射治疗腓总神经卡压综合征—附1例报告

目的观察1例超声引导下自体富血小板血浆(PRP)注射治疗腓总神经卡压综合征的临床疗效,为周围神经卡压性疾病的治疗提供借鉴。方法对1名腓总神经卡压综合征患者行超声引导下自体PRP神经水分离注射治疗,通过观察患者的症状、电生理及影像学指标,评价PRP注射治疗对腓总神经卡压综合征的疗效。结果经系统注射治疗后,患者的症状、体征及肌电图指标均明显好转,且追踪3个月无明显不良反应。结论超声引导下PRP注射治疗改善了腓总神经卡压综合征中的神经功能障碍。

催化裂化装置再生器二级旋分料腿结垢原因分析

为查明某催化裂化装置再生器二级旋分料腿结垢原因,对垢样进行元素分析,结果表明金属元素在样品催化剂细粉中进行了富集。通过X射线衍射分析,证明催化剂细粉发生了熔融和黏结。再生器二级旋分料腿结垢的主要原因:金属元素的富集降低了催化剂分子筛晶相结构崩塌温度。当CO及少量携带焦炭颗粒的细粉在二级旋分持续燃烧时,由于二级旋分内烟气夹带固体粒子很少,热阱作用减弱,使烟气温度骤升,当温度达到甚至超过催化剂细粉熔融温度时,细粉晶体结构破坏变为液相,在高速离心作用下黏附在料腿顶部形成垢层。通过再生器超温次数与垢样“年轮”层数关系比对,证明二旋料腿结垢与富氧再生环境及烧焦不均出现尾燃有对应关系,而金属元素富集降低了催化剂细粉的熔融温度。针对结垢原因,提出了相应的改进措施和建议。

贫/富甲醇换热器壳程通道堵塞的原因及处理

某公司低温甲醇洗装置在生产运行期间,出现贫/富甲醇换热器壳程富硫甲醇循环量下降、管程贫硫甲醇温度升高、再吸收塔下塔积液、热再生塔液位偏低和尾气中携带甲醇等异常工况,伴随工况恶化,净化气中二氧化碳含量和硫化物含量经常超标。为此,制定并实施了一系列在线维护方案。装置开车后富硫甲醇循环量恢复正常,装置负荷由停车前的65.0%提升至76.5%。

鞍山地区微细粒贫磁铁矿石磁选工艺研究

鞍山地区许东沟和哑巴岭采区的铁矿石铁品位为29.50%,铁矿物主要为磁铁矿,主要脉石为石英。为高效开发利用该矿石,在采用X荧光分析、化学成分分析、铁物相检测和扫描电子显微镜分析矿石性质基础上,进行了湿式粗粒中磁预选—阶段磨矿、阶段弱磁选—淘洗机精选条件试验和扩大连选试验。结果表明:①-2.5 mm高压辊磨产品经过筒式磁选机中磁预选,粗精矿铁品位为40.20%、铁回收率为89.76%;②预选粗精矿经过两阶段磨矿(一、二段磨矿细度分别为-0.074 mm占75%和-0.045 mm占90%)、三阶段弱磁选和一段淘洗机精选,最终获得产率35.73%、铁品位67.08%、铁回收率81.24%的铁精矿,尾矿铁品位为8.61%,研究结果可作为该矿石开发利用依据。

新型少水型相变吸收剂的筛选及其含水量影响分析

为克服水型吸收剂能耗高、腐蚀性强的缺点,提出一种基于混合胺的新型少水型相变吸收剂。开展溶剂效应对吸收剂的吸收、分相、富相黏度等性能的影响实验,研究含水量与吸收剂性能的关系,为优化吸收剂的含水量提供理论依据。实验结果表明,增加吸收剂的含水量可以提高吸收剂对CO_(2)的吸收性能、加速相分离和降低富相黏度,水与二甲基亚砜最佳的质量比为4:6,与质量分数为30%的乙醇胺相比,新型吸收剂的循环容量提高了27%,同时具备相变和少水的特性,有效降低了能耗和腐蚀性。

Experimental determination of one-and two-neutron separation energies for neutron-rich copper isotopes

A method is proposed to determine the one-neutron Sn or two-neutron S2n separation energy of neutron- rich isotopes. Relationships between Sn （S2n） and isotopic cross sections have been deduced from an empirical formula, i.e., the cross section of an isotope exponentially depends on the average binding energy per nucleon B/A. The proposed relationships have been verified using the neutron-rich copper isotopes measured in the 64A MeV S6Kr 9Be reaction. Sn, S2n, and B/A for the very neutron-rich 77,78,79Cu isotopes are determined from the proposed correlations. It is also proposed that the correlations between Sn, S2n and isotopic cross sections can be used to find the location of neutron drip line isotopes.