The Impact of Central Environmental Inspections on the Perception of Respect for Human Rights and Its Empirical Analysis

To develop China’s human rights cause with a people-centered approach,we should pay close attention to the concrete experiences of the general public regarding the protection of human rights.Deepening the research on the perception of respect for human rights can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the practical achievements of the hu man rights cause.Public environmental rights,as a new type of human rights,have become an important aspect of the development of the human rights cause in the new era.The central envi ronmental inspection,as an authoritative and interventionist vertical governance mechanism,promotes the implementation of environmental policies by local Party committees and govern ments and strengthens environmental information disclosure and public participation in environ mental matters.As a result,it contributes to the realization of public environmental rights and stimulates public perception of respect for human rights.Among them,the“look-back inspec tion is an important component of the central environmental inspection,and its implemen tation consolidates and enhances the previous inspection work.An empirical analysis based on the World Values Survey’s data for China indicates that residents in the provinces that have underg one“look-back inspections are more inclined to believe that human rights are adequately re spected compared to residents in the provinces that have not underwent such inspections.It suggests that the advancement and improvement of the central environmental inspection system promote improvements in ecological environment quality and contribute to enhancing the public percep tion of respect for human rights.

Pre-trial Detention Houses and Protection of Detainees' Rights in China

Detainees’ rights in pre-trial detention houses are a means of assessing a country’s human rights protection. As a legal facility for carrying out criminal detention, a pre-trial detention house should remain neutral and safeguard detainees’ substantive and procedural rights. It should be an important base for the country to respect and protect human rights. At the macro level, protecting detainees’ rights comprises two aspects: 1) procedural rights, regarding which the principle of presumption of innocence should be applied; and 2) detainee treatment, regarding which the principle of socialization should be applied. At the current stage of China’s rights protection situation, China should improve detainees’ rights, such as the right to have an individual bed, the rights to health care and religious freedom, rules regarding the use of legirons, and transparency and independent monitoring mechanisms.

Legal Protection of the Right to Housing : A Comparative Study of the Mainland and Taiwan

Protection of the right to housing is necessary for housing justice and satisfies the demand for adequate housing under international human rights conventions. This paper compares legal protections of the housing right in Taiwan and China's Mainland, highlighting basic principles in Taiwan's 'Housing Act' and its problems. Taiwan's legislation may shed light on relevant legislation of China's Mainland.

Discussion on Registration Validity Doctrine of Housing Land Use Right

Relationship between the registration and right change of housing land use right is not clearly stipulated in the Property Law. Land registration involves functions of private law and public law. It is partial to only considering private rights dimension when deciding whether registration validity doctrine or registration confrontation doctrine should be implemented in housing land use right. Compilation of land use planning, implementation of land use control and promotion of arrangement project in rural residential area all rely on sound and complete housing land registration data. To clarify housing land right adscription, eliminate hidden troubles causing housing land dispute and promote the establishment of harmonious countryside can never be achieved without housing land registration data. To carry out registration validity doctrine of housing land use right can effectively guide farmers' registration behavior and thus build a perfect registration information system of housing land use right. After the cross-village and even cross-town arrangement in rural residential areas, rural acquaintance society has transformed into semi-acquaintance society and even stranger society. Therefore, housing land use right commending its existence with registration in public form has been a necessary choice in legislation.

Luo Haocai Inspects Human Rights Situation in Northeastern China

President Luo Haocai of the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）, who is also former vice chair-man of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference （CPPCC） National Committee, led a CSHRS del- egation to visit Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces from Sept. 10 to 16, 2012, in order to know more about human rights research and practice as well as promote related training and education in northeast China. Li Buyun, honorary member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences （CASS）,

Berkeley Apartheid： Unfair Housing in a University Town

This essay suggests that in 1962-1963, before Birmingham and the March on Washington, a coalition of Black and White civil rights activists, labor, and religious leaders were in the vanguard of the struggle both on the Pacific Slope and in the nation. Berkeley＇s battle for fair housing represented an important phase of the civil rights struggle on the west coast and in cities where racial segregation was not based on law, but part of a conspiracy, silent but quite effective, among realtors, mortgage lenders, and renters, against Blacks and other minorities. Encouraged by state antidiscrimination legislation, Berkeley activists embarked upon a fair housing campaign based on surveys of the problem, efforts to enact legislation, and direct action. The irrationality of racists who defended their right to discriminate was one of the most singular aspects of the fair housing struggle. Though they lost at the local level, the coalition of new political forces succeeded a few months later at the state level and represented an effective force in liberal politics in the city for years to come. Because of the stiff opposition and the limits of reformers＇ liberal fair housing regulations, however, working class and poor African Americans still faced severe housing problems.

Human Rights Scholars Inspect Quake-hit Sichuan

More than 60 scholars from 43 human rights studies institutes across the country convenedin Chengdu, capital of southwest China＇s Sichuan province, on November 8-9, 2011 to share their research experience. The representatives were from higher learning institutions in- cluding the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Peking University and Nankai University.

Living in a Condominium Regime:Neighborhood Conflicts in Low-Income Housing,Tijuana,Baja California-A Secondary Publication

This paper analyzes neighborhood conflicts arising from the condominium property regime,under which social housing promoted by Mexican government institutions and private developers is acquired.This regime has facilitated access to housing for the salaried population,but it is far from contributing to the attainment of the right to housing.The research takes as case studies housing complexes located in the city of Tijuana,Baja California,Mexico.The analysis included a mixed methodology.Firstly,similar case studies were analyzed;secondly,a review of the Condominium Property Regime Law was carried out in order to understand its implications.In view of the pandemic situation,a virtual survey was applied to the inhabitants of these areas,as well as interviews with presidents of neighborhood committees of these complexes.From the above,it was found that this form of ownership generates conflicts,reflected in the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants with their housing,disagreements and controversies in their organization and coexistence.The inhabitants have to collectively solve the problems they face,related to the maintenance and use of common areas,insecurity,and cleanliness,among others.In addition,there is a lack of support from local authorities.With this,it is concluded that although the inhabitants have a space that solves their housing problem,it does not manage to be a space that adequately guarantees their right to housing.

手机Housing检包线平衡分析及优化设计

针对某电子企业手机Housing检包线目前存在的生产效率低下、劳动成本上升的问题,依据作业测定技术所获得的数据,结合Flexsim仿真技术分析检包线瓶颈,运用方法研究分别从作业方式和工站布置两个方面,对检包线进行平衡分析和优化设计,并通过Flexsim建立优化后的检包线仿真模型验证其有效性,采用新方案后,在成本降低的情况下,达到了平衡各工站负荷、提高生产效率的目的。研究表明,工业工程理论方法与仿真技术相结合,可使制造系统的改善更加有效。

“住有所居”对流动人口定居意愿的影响--基于非正规产权房的视角

流动人口及其家庭在城镇安居是新型城镇化进程中流动人口市民化的重要内容,探索影响其定居城镇的决定因素具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,从住有所居的视角出发,探讨非正规的产权住房--小产权房对流动人口定居意愿的影响。研究发现:第一,小产权房通过其价格低廉化和在购买后形成的事实性占有提高了流动人口的定居意愿,但在现实中仍应高度警惕和重视小产权房对流动人口完整市民化和正规房地产市场健康运作带来的诸多负面挑战;第二,小产权房对流动人口定居意愿的“锁定”效应存在显著的群体异质性,在法律意识淡薄和对廉价住房需求高的“初中”“收入低”“老一代”流动人口群体中的影响作用更加明显,说明经济地位偏低和法律风险感知能力弱的流动人口在面对小产权房的低廉性时更容易作出“非理性”选择。这一结果预示着提供可负担的保障性住房和稳定城市住房价格,将附着在小产权房上的“廉价保障房”功能剥离开来,可能是解决小产权房问题行之有效的方式;同时,在治理和整顿存量小产权房时,要对蜗居其中的弱势流动人口群体予以充分的人文关怀,找寻保障弱势流动人口群体的住房权益与解决小产权房问题之间的平衡点和兼容性。

宅基地使用权依托农房转让的制度沿革、司法裁判与实践创新

宅基地使用权依托农房转让的制度沿革经历了从允许到限制的转变,体现了政府政策的强制驱动和利益诱导的结合。宅基地使用权依托农房转让的司法裁判具有明显的被动性,农户在集体经济组织外部转让农房时,法院一般会认定该转让合同无效,但司法政策又为宅基地改革预留了政策空间,体现了原则性与灵活性的统一。在宅基地使用权依托农房转让的实践创新中,国家并没有直接废除宅基地使用权依托农房限制转让的既有路径,径行允许转让,而是秉持审慎原则,独辟蹊径。试点地区宅基地使用权依托农房转让下受让人范围拓展,与集体经营性建设用地入市衔接,与宅基地资格权退出耦合及与宅基地入股、合作打通,均体现了对宅基地使用权权能受限的克服。

直角三棱镜补充视角的密封圈缺陷检测研究

为解决三维激光检测中被测物体底面点云无法被高效获取的问题,本文提出了基于直角三棱镜折射原理的补充视角三维点云扫描获取方法。该方法使用直角三棱镜将底面图像折射到侧面,弥补了三维检测的底面检测视角缺失的问题,补充了底面检测视角。本文以密封圈作为缺陷检测对象,采用结构光三维相机采集三维点云。与直接扫描法相比,本方法可以一次性实时、快速地寻找出密封圈完整的表面缺陷,尤其使底面缺陷检测变得更容易,且无需设置特殊的夹取装置或复杂的机械臂等机械结构,仅需增加一块直角三棱镜。实验证实,直角三棱镜补充视角的点云扫描方法能够达到成像要求,对常见的密封圈断裂缺陷与塌陷缺陷均可很好的检出,检测准确率可达到100,满足密封密封圈缺陷检测的需求。

商品房买卖消费者物权期待权适用困境与纾解

为解决商品房买卖中消费者生存利益与房地产企业其他债权人财产利益保护失衡问题,最高人民法院将物权期待权理论融入司法解释。然而该理论不仅有悖于民法典规定的物权变动规则,而且受制于物权公示制度。囿于主体认定标准、生存权界定标准、后续保护措施欠缺等,该理论在司法实践中并没有形成统一的适用逻辑。对此应当对《执行异议复议规定》第二十九条规定的构成要件予以实质化解释,以此完善“用于居住”“名下无其他用于居住住房”和“支付价款比例”的判定标准,并对消费者科以合理审查义务,同时法律还应完善排除强制执行后的所有权确权与登记程序。

住房产权与美好未来——基于地位期望与流动预期的前瞻性分析

体面居住与期望一直是社会政策干预的焦点,也是“美好生活”的重要内容。住房产权对未来期望的形成至关重要。然而,既有研究对期望的形成机制关注相对较少,关于住房产权与未来期望之间关系的讨论比较不充分。基于具有全国代表性的CGSS2010—2018微观数据分析住房获得对期望形成的影响,研究发现,家庭住房数量不仅影响个体的地位认同、流动感知,同时也影响其对未来的憧憬,即个体地位期望和流动预期。基于住房产权在家庭内部的归属分析发现,即便家庭财富没有发生变化,单是房产署名的变化,也会影响其对未来的态度,自有型住房产权显著增强了个体对维持中产地位的乐观态度,降低了对地位下降的焦虑。研究为完善住房政策,防止“低欲望社会陷阱”提供了启发。

未登记房屋继承纠纷的司法分歧及其应对

未登记房屋继承纠纷是司法审判的难点。对435个未登记房屋继承纠纷案例整理分析发现:就未登记房屋的继承请求,法院既有裁决不作处理的,也有裁决处理房屋的管理使用权或处理房屋所有权的;对拟继承的未登记房屋折价补偿款无法协商一致时的处理,也存在司法分歧。裁决不作处理,无法实现司法定分止争的审判效果,应当严格限制或规范其适用;裁决处理管理使用权尚缺乏法律援引,应当补充司法解释作为正式依据;裁决处理管理使用权或处理所有权,各有合理适用空间,应当基于司法实践归纳各自具体适用情形,缓和两者的适用冲突。当事人对未登记房屋的折价补偿款无法协商一致,不是裁决不作处理的充分理由;折价补偿的对象是管理使用权还是所有权,取决于法院对未登记房屋继承纠纷的处理方式。

房企破产中购房合同的处理方式

购房合同的处理无疑是房企破产的焦点之一。从系统性风险和法治化双重视角看,管理人原则上应当选择继续履行现房合同并认可已支付房款的优先权地位和对房企违约金的劣后债权地位;从房屋续建可能产生的价值提升以及消费者住房生存权益的保障角度看,管理人原则上也应当选择继续履行期房合同。与普通待履行合同的处置模式不同,购房合同的处置应转变为购房者的多层次自决:基于债务人追加担保及共益债保障的障碍,购房优先权人有权逐一决定是否接受现金清偿或是等待交房,且全体购房债权人基于对重整风险的分摊和自身权益的让步,均有权对重整计划、续建方案等事项进行表决,并根据其付出的时间与金钱成本分享房企继续履行购房合同的成果。在其他融资途径均行不通的情况下,可以由选择交房的购房者出资续建,且其出资额形成共益债务。同时还应充分利用数理思维来维护购房者之间的同质性及相应的权利救济。

论借名购房纠纷房屋物权的归属

司法实践中经常遇见所谓借名购房问题,这种房产物权名实不符的现象给相关司法裁判带来困惑,而《中华人民共和国民法典》(以下简称《民法典》)以及相关的司法解释中均没有对此类行为作出明确规定,各地法院在审理过程中的处理结果也不尽相同。对此,司法裁判应从意思自治的民法理念出发,结合《民法典》的基本法理及相关司法解释精神,在对借名购房纠纷中房屋物权归属进行系统法理分析基础上作出妥当处理。

“三权分置”下农村宅基地流转的路径选择与规则建构

农村宅基地流转是实现宅基地“三权分置”的重要内容,其路径选择与规则建构对于宅基地“三权分置”的有效实现具有重要意义和价值。宅基地的“保障功能”和“福利性”决定了农村宅基地权利不能单独流转,“房地分离”理论不符合房屋与土地的天然附合,“房地一体”的天然属性决定了房地权利必然一并流转,房带动地流转成为“三权分置”下宅基地流转的路径选择。宅基地使用权在该流转中是一种由《民法典》宅基地使用权分化出来的以使用和收益为内容的用益物权,其应当是有偿、有期限的,类似于“土地经营权”的用益物权。文章以浙江省象山县宅基地改革实践为基础,明确“确权是基础、赋能是核心、机制是关键、保障为根本”的理念,并以此为基础对农民宅基地流转进行规则建构和机制完善。

宅基地使用权抵押问题的审视与厘正

抵押是实现用益物权收益权能的重要手段,允许宅基地使用权抵押符合宅基地“三权分置”改革中放活宅基地使用权的实践需求,也是城镇化进程中赋予农民更多财产权利的必要手段。结合我国各地宅基地使用权抵押试点的现实做法,我国应在房地一体及抵押登记的原则下设计科学可行的抵押规则。具体而言,应当基于确权登记确定适格的抵押人,将申请抵押前提限定在抵押财产外申请人仍有其他稳定居所;在宅基地使用权担保价值方面,应建立宅基地使用权价值评估平台,规范评估担保价值;考虑到宅基地资格权的身份限制及保障农民基本生活权益的需求,建议引用强制管理理念创新抵押权实现方式,同时逐步放宽抵押财产受让人范围,并通过设定赎回权为农户创设回复宅基地使用权的渠道。

《中华人民共和国行政许可法》视域下档案行政许可程序的完善

作为档案行政许可程序的立法依据之一,《中华人民共和国行政许可法》对档案行政许可程序的完善具有重要的指引意义。我国档案行政许可程序主要存在于《档案行政许可程序规定》中,存在立法规定亟待更新、立法理念较为滞后、审查方式有待健全、制度建设存在缺位等方面的问题。有鉴于此,应结合档案行政许可的特点,重视《中华人民共和国行政许可法》对档案行政许可程序完善的指引功能。具体而言,建议更新完善《档案行政许可程序规定》,落实简政放权、相对人权益保障、档案信息化等理念,健全档案行政许可线上审查、告知承诺和默示许可等方式,完善档案行政许可费用制度、责任制度和监督检查制度,助力档案行政许可程序法治再上新台阶。