Usefulness of myocardial performance index for assessing right ventricular function after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect

Objective Assessment of right ventricular function in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) is difficult. The Doppler myocardial performance index (MPI) may provide a method of assessing function in these patients. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the right ventricular function and its changes in patients with ASD after transcatheter closure of ASD. Methods MPI, defined as the sum of isovolumic relaxation time and isovolumic contraction time derived by ejection time, was measured from tricuspid inflow and right ventricular outflow;Doppler velocity profiles recorded during routine echocardiography.Twenty nine patients (13 men, 16 women;mean age 25.28±12.69, range 6 to 57 years) were diagnosed to secundum ASD [the stretched diameters of ASD were from 9 To 36 (24.91±7.98) mm], and had a successfully placed Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) (the sizes of ASO were from 11 to 40 mm );there were 81 sex-matched, age-matched healthy people (control group 41men, 40 women;mean age 29.02 ± 14.22, range 4 to 45 years ). MPI was measured again on 3 days and 1 month after closure of ASD. Change in the study group was assessed and compared to the control subjects with structurally normal hearts. A complete 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in all study groups. Results 1) The isovolumic relaxation and isovolumic contraction times [respectively(77.59 ± 14.39)ms vs (60.93 ±12.94)ms, P<0.0001;(28.28 ±10.88)ms vs (23.64 ±9.01)ms, P=0.027] were prolonged, and ejection time [(260.65 ±21.86 )ms vs (271.85 ± 21.92)ms, P=0.033] was shortened in patients with ASD compared with that in control subjects, resulting in a marked increase in the MPI(0.40 ± 0.07 vs 0.31 ± 0.05, P<0.0001) from normal values;2) by Pearson's correlations, the MPI had no correlation with heart rate and blood pressure in control subjects and patients with ASD, but it correlated positively with age in patients with ASD;3) by Pearson's correlations, the MPI correlated positively with the diameter of ASD and pulmonary artery pressure;4) after transcatheter closure of ASD, the MPI decreased markedly. Conclusions 1) MPI is a conceptually new, simple, and reproducible Doppler index in patients with ASD;2) MPI is free from the effect of age, heart rate and blood pressure;(3) MPI appears to be relatively dependent on changes in the diameter of ASD and pulmonary artery pressure;4) the right ventricular function was improved after transcatheter closure of ASD.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2007;4:220-224.)

Effect of arotinolol on right ventricular function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

Objective Dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) is generally considered to be accompanied by both left and right ventricular dysfunction,but most studies only analyze the left ventricular function. In this study,we evaluated the effect of arotinolol on right ventricular function in patients with DCM. Methods Right ventricular ejection fraction(RVEF) and right ventricular diameter(RVD) were measured by two-dimensional echocardiography(2-DE) in 33 DCM patients;RVEF measured by first-pass radionuclide angiography(FPRA) was compared with that by 2-DE. Results The treatment with arotinolol for one year resulted in a reduction in the right ventricular diameter(baseline,23.0 ± 8.3 mm vs after one-year treatment,20.7 ± 5.4 mm;P=0.004 ) and an associated increase in ejection fraction(baseline,36.9 ± 10.3% vs after one-year treatment,45.8 ± 9.6%;P < 0.001 ) ;there is a high correlation between the 2-DE method and radionuclide ventriculographic method. The correlation coefficient is 0.933(P<0.001) . Conclusion Arotinolol therapy could not only improve left ventricular function,but also improve right ventricular function in DCM patients.

QUANTIFICATION OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT USING ULTRASOUND- BASED STRAIN RATE IMAGING

Objective To study the validation of ultrasound-based strain rate imaging in the quantitative assessment of right ventricular (RV) function in atrial septal defect (ASD). Methods Tissue Doppler images (TDI) of RV longitudinal and short axes were recorded from the apical 4-chamber view and the subcostal short-axis view in 18 normal controls, 28 children with ASD and 14 children after Amplazter closure of ASD respectively. Peak systolic velocities (V), peak systolic strain rates (SR), peak systolic strains (S) at the basal segment, middle segment of RV lateral wall and the basal septum from the longitudinal axis, the middle segment of RV free wall from the short axis were quantitatively measured using QLAB TM tissue velocity quantification software system respectively. Peak dp/dt from the RV isovolumic contraction determined during the right cardiac catheterization in 28 ASD patients was used as the gold standard of RV contractility. Peak systolic indices were compared against max dp/dt by linear correlation. Results Peak systolic indices at the basal and middle segments of RV lateral wall from the longitudinal axis increased significantly in 28 ASD patients.Peak systolic indices at the basal septum also increased in patient group, but not significantly. Significant decreases in peak systolic indices at the basal and middle segments of RV lateral wall were observed after the Amplatzer closure in 14 ASD patients. There was no significant difference at the middle segment of RV free wall from the short axis between patient group and normal control. A strong correlation was found between max dp/dt and peak systolic indices at the basal and middle segments of RV lateral wal l (P<0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound-based strain rate imaging can assess quantitatively RV function in CHD. Peak systolic strains determined at the basal and middle segments of RV lateral wall are strong noninvasive indices of RV contractility.

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography:A Feasible and Accurate Method for Measuring Right Ventricular Function in Pulmonary Hypertension

Right ventricular function is independently associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with various cardiovascular diseases including pulmonary hypertension(PH).The complex geometry and mode of contractility means the right ventricle(RV)inlet and outlet are not in line;hence,2-dimensional echocardiography fails to accurately quantify RV volumes and function in such patients.Three-dimensional echocardiography(3DE)allows for reliable and reproducible quantification of RV volumes and function by overcoming these limitations of conventional echocardiography.This review focuses on the 3DE assessment of RV function in patients with PH and discusses the following points:(1)acquiring an RV data set for 3DE imaging,including details of all available 3DE systems and software utilized in daily practice;(2)the reliability and feasibility of RV remodeling measured with 3DE with different modalities in patients with PH;and(3)the prognostic value of 3DE-derived RV function in such patients.

Early Intervention of Tongxinluo(通心络) on Right Ventricular Function Assessed by Echocardiography in Rats with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Induced by Monocrotaline

Objective:To investigate the effect of early intervention of Tongxinluo(通心络,TXL)on right ventricular function(RVF)of rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)induced by monocrotaline(MCT).Methods:A total of 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 5 groups with complete random experiment design:Sham group(Sham),MCT group,TXL group,sildenafil(SIL)group and combination group(TXL+SIL),6 rats in each group.Rats were injected with 50 mg/kg MCT solution for inducing PAH model except for those in the sham group.From the day of modeling,rats of TXL,SIL and TXL+SIL groups were given TXL(1.2 g/kg),SIL(10 mg/kg)and combination solution(TXL:1.2 g/kg,SIL:10 mg/kg)respectively,and rats in Sham and MCT groups were given normal saline(5 m L/kg).The samples were collected and tested after 21 consecutive days of intragastric administration.Echocardiography was used to measure the related indices of RVF,including pulmonary arterial flow spectrum,pulmonary artery diameter(PAD),right ventricular wall thickness(RVWT),right ventricular diameter(RVD),tricuspidannular plane systolic excursion(TAPSE),right atrium transverse diameter(RAT),and inferior vena cava diameter(IVCD).Elastic Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining was adopted to measure the percentage of wall thickness(WT%)of pulmonary arteriols.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to measure the cross-sectional area(CSA)of right ventricular cardiomyocytes.Results:MCT-induced PAH rat model was successfully established.In MCT group the wall of pulmonary arterioles exhibited a prominent-increase thickness,PAD,RVWT,RVD,RAT,IVCD,WT%,right ventricular hypertrophy index(RVHI)as well as CSA of RV cardiomyocyte significantly increased(all P<0.01),and TAPSE markedly decreased(P<0.01).At the same time,TXL prominently improved all of the above indices(all P<0.01).In comparison with SIL,TXL significantly reduced RVD(P<0.05)and decreased CAS of RV cardiomyocytes(P<0.01),but TAPSE in SIL group was much larger than in TXL group(P<0.01).Moreover,TAPSE in TXL+SIL group was larger than that in TXL group(P<0.01),while the two groups performed equally well in terms of the other indices.Conclusion:Early intervention of TXL could inhibit pulmonary arterioles remodeling,and improve RVF by attenuating right ventricular hypertrophy,and TXL has a stronger effect on inhibiting right ventricular remodeling than SIL.

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Volume and Systolic Function by Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography

The optimal plane for measurement of the right ventricular (RV) volumes by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was determined and the feasibility and accuracy of RT3DE in studying RV systolic function was assessed. RV “Full volume” images were acquired by RT3DE in 22 healthy subjects. RV end-diastolic volumes (RVEDV) and end-systolic volumes (RVESV) were outlined using apical biplane, 4-plane, 8-plane, 16-plane offline separately. RVSV and RVEF were calculated. Meanwhile tricuspid annual systolic excursion (TASE) was measured by M-mode echo. LVSV was outlined by 2-D echo according to the biplane Simpson’s rule. The results showed: (1) There was a good correlation between RVSV measured from series planes and LVSV from 2-D echo (r=0.73; r=0.69; r=0.63; r=0.66, P<0.25—0.0025); (2) There were significant differences between RVEDV in biplane and those in 4-, 8-, 16-plane (P<0.001). There was also difference between RV volume in 4-plane and that in 8-plane (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between RV volume in 8-plane and that in 16-plane (P>0.05); (3) Inter-observers and intro-observers variability analysis showed that there were close agreements and relations for RV volumes (r=0.986, P<0.001; r=0.93, P<0.001); (4) There was a significantly positive correlation of TASE to RVSV and RVEF from RT3DE (r=0.83; r=0.90). So RV volume measures with RT3DE are rapid, accurate and reproducible. In view of RV’s complex shape, apical 8-plane method is better in clinical use. It may allow early detection of RV systolic function.

Quantitative Assessment of Right Ventricular Systolic Function by the Analysis of Right Ventricular Contrast Time-intensity Curve

Summary: To study reliability and reliable indices of quantitative assessment of right ventricular systolic function by time-intensity curve (TIC) with right ventricular contrast, 5 % sonicated human albumin was injected intravenously at a does of 0.08 ml/kg into 10 dogs at baseline status and cardiac insufficiency. Apical four-chamber view was observed for washin and washout of contrast agent from right ventricle. The parameters of TIC were obtained by curve fitting. The differences of parameters were analyzed in different states of cardiac functions. Among the parameters derived from TIC, the time constant (k) was decreased significantly with decline of cardiac function (P<0.001). But half-time of decent of peak intensity (HT) and mean-transit-time (MTT) of washout were increased significantly (P<0.001). The k was strongly related to cardiac output of right ventricle (CO) and ejection fraction (EF) of left ventricle and fractional shortening (FS) of left ventricle. Right ventricular systolic function could be assessed reliably by the parameters derived from TIC with right ventricular contrast echocardiography. The k, HT and MTT are reliable indices for quantitative assessment of right ventricular systolic function.

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Global Longitudinal Function in Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot by Two-dimensional Ultrasound Speckle Tracking Imaging

Quantification of right ventricular(RV)volume and function remains a challenge because of RV complex geometry by conventional echocardiography.The purpose of this study was to assess RV global longitudinal function in patients with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)by 2-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging(STI).Thirty-eight patients with TOF were enrolled in this study and divided into child group(n=25)and adult group(n=13)according to age.Thirty-eight age-and sex-matched normal subjects were selected as control groups including child control group(n=25)and adult control group(n=13).RV global longitudinal peak systolic strain(GLS),strain rate(GLSRs),early diastolic strain rate(GLSRe)and late diastolic strain rate(GLSRa)were measured in all subjects by STI from the apical 4-chamber view and compared between groups.Furthermore,the main factors affecting the RV global longitudinal functional parameters were assessed.Compared with those in controls,RV GLS,GLSRs and GLSRe were significantly reduced in patients with TOF(P<0.05 for all).RV GLSRs was significantly decreased in adult patients with TOF as compared with that in child patients(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in RV GLS,GLSRe and GLSRa between child and adult TOF groups(P>0.05).The diameter of right ventricle,main pulmonary artery and ventricular septum defect had correlations with RV GLSRs(r1=-0.490,r2=0.580,r3=-0.528,respectively,P<0.05 for all).Tricuspid annular plane peak systolic velocity(Sm)was the independent predictor of RV global strain and strain rate(β1=0.355,P1=0.031,β2=0.307,P2=0.021).RV global longitudinal function is decreased in patients with TOF,especially in adult patients.STI is a sensitive and accurate technique in RV global functional assessment.

Correlation between ductus venosus spectrum and right ventricular diastolic function in isolated single-umbilical-artery foetus and normal foetus in third trimester

BACKGROUND Single umbilical artery(SUA)is the most common umbilical cord malformation in prenatal diagnosis.The presence of an SUA can cause blood circulation disorder in the foetus and functional changes of the foetal heart,affecting foetal circulation.The right ventricular diastolic functions in foetuses with isolated SUA and in normal foetuses in the third trimester were evaluated using the spectral Doppler of blood flow in the foetal ductus venosus(DV).AIM To evaluate the right ventricular diastolic functions in foetuses with isolated SUA and in normal foetuses in the third trimester.METHODS Colour Doppler was used to measure the spectrum of foetal DV and tricuspid orifice in 34 foetuses with isolated SUA aged 28-39 wk and in age-matched healthy controls.The DV flow velocities and velocity ratios were measured.The early passive/late active(E/A)ratio at the tricuspid orifice and tissue Doppler Tei index of the foetal right ventricular in the two groups were also measured.RESULTS During the third trimester,the isolated SUA group showed a lower‘a’-wave peak velocity in the DV than the control group(P<0.05).The correlations between the velocity ratios and E/A ratio at the tricuspid orifice in the two groups were analysed,and the correlation between the ventricular late diastolic velocity/ventricular diastolic peak flow velocity and E/A ratios was the best(R^2of the isolated SUA group:0.520;R2 of the control group:0.358).The correlations between the velocity ratios and tissue Doppler Tei index of foetal right ventricular in the two groups were analysed,and the correlation between the pulsatility index for veins(PIV)and tissue Doppler Tei index ratios was the best(R2 of the isolated SUA group:0.865;R2 of the control group:0.627).CONCLUSION In the isolated SUA group,the atrial systolic peak velocity‘a’decreased,and this finding might be related to the changes in foetal cardiac functions.The ratio of ventricular late diastolic velocity to ventricular diastolic peak flow velocity was closely related to the E/A ratio at the tricuspid valve and can be used to identify changes in the right ventricular diastolic functions of isolated SUA and healthy foetuses.PIV was closely related to the tissue Doppler Tei index of the foetal right ventricular and can be used to identify the right ventricular overall functions of isolated SUA and healthy foetuses.

Evaluation of right ventricular volume and systolic function in normal fetuses using intelligent spatiotemporal image correlation

BACKGROUND Heart defects are the most common congenital malformations in fetuses.Fetal cardiac structure and function abnormalities lead to changes in ventricular volume.As ventricular volume is an important index for evaluating fetal cardiovascular development,an effective and reliable method for measuring fetal ventricular volume and cardiac function is necessary for accurate ultrasonic diagnosis and effective clinical treatment.The new intelligent spatiotemporal image correlation(iSTIC)technology acquires high-resolution volumetric images.In this study,the iSTIC technique was used to measure right ventricular volume and to evaluate right ventricular systolic function to provide a more accurate and convenient evaluation of fetal heart function.AIM To investigate the value of iSTIC in evaluating right ventricular volume and systolic function in normal fetuses.METHODS Between October 2014 and September 2015,a total of 123 pregnant women received prenatal ultrasound examinations in our hospital.iSTIC technology was used to acquire the entire fetal cardiac volume with off-line analysis using QLAB software.Cardiac systolic and diastolic phases were defined by opening of the atrioventricular valve and the subsequent closure of the atrioventricular valve.The volumetric data of the two phases were measured by manual tracking and summation of multiple slices and recording of the right ventricular end-systolic volume and the right ventricular end-diastolic volume.The data were used to calculate the right stroke volume,the right cardiac output,and the right ejection fraction.The correlations of changes between the above-mentioned indices and gestational age were analyzed.The right ventricular volumes of 30 randomly selected cases were measured twice by the same sonographer,and the intraobserver agreement measurements were calculated.RESULTS Among the 123 normal fetuses,the mean right ventricular end-diastolic volume increased from 0.99±0.34 mL at 22 wk gestation to 3.69±0.36 mL at 35+6 wk gestation.The mean right ventricular end-systolic volume increased from 0.43±0.18 mL at 22 wk gestation to 1.36±0.22 mL at 35+6 wk gestation.The mean right stroke volume increased from 0.62±0.29 mL at 22 wk gestation to 2.33±0.18 mL at 35+6 wk gestation.The mean right cardiac output increased from 92.23±40.67 mL/min at 22 wk gestation to 335.83±32.75 mL/min at 35+6 wk gestation.Right ventricular end-diastolic volume,right ventricular end-systolic volume,right stroke volume,and right cardiac output all increased with gestational age and the correlations were linear(P<0.01).Right ejection fraction had no apparent correlation with gestational age(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Fetal right ventricular volume can be quantitatively measured using iSTIC technology with relative ease and high repeatability.iSTIC technology is expected to provide a new method for clinical evaluation of fetal cardiac function.

Right ventricular septal pacing: Safety and efficacy in a long term follow up

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the permanent high interventricular septal pacing in a long term follow up, as alternative to right ventricular apical pacing. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated:(1) 244 patients(74 ± 8 years; 169 men, 75 women) implanted with a single(132 pts) or dual chamber(112 pts) pacemaker(PM) with ventricular screw-in lead placed at the right ventricular high septal parahisian site(SEPTAL pacing);(2) 22 patients with permanent pacemaker and low percentage of pacing(< 20%)(NO pacing);(3) 33 patients with high percentage(> 80%) right ventricular apical pacing(RVA). All patients had a narrow spontaneous QRS(101 ± 14 ms). We evaluated New York Heart Association(NYHA) class, quality of life(Qo L), 6 min walking test(6MWT) and left ventricular function(end-diastolic volume, LV-EDV; end-systolic volume, LVESV; ejection fraction, LV-EF) with 2D-echocardiography. RESULTS: Pacing parameters were stable duringfollow up(21 mo/patient). In SEPTAL pacing group we observed an improvement in NYHA class, Qo L score and 6MWT. While LV-EDV didn't significantly increase(104 ± 40 m L vs 100 ± 37 m L; P = 0.35), LV-ESV slightly increased(55 ± 31 m L vs 49 ± 27 m L; P = 0.05) and LV-EF slightly decreased(49% ± 11% vs 53% ± 11%; P = 0.001) but never falling < 45%. In the RVA pacing control group we observed a worsening of NYHA class and an important reduction of LV-EF(from 56% ± 6% to 43% ± 9%, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Right ventricular permanent high septal pacing is safe and effective in a long term follow up evaluation; it could be a good alternative to the conventional RVA pacing in order to avoid its deleterious effects.

应用二维斑点追踪技术评估阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者右心室功能

目的 :应用二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STI)技术评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者右心室收缩功能的改变。方法:纳入经多导睡眠监测确诊OSAS患者49例为OSA组,根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)进行分度,轻度12例,中度9例,重度28例,同期选择年龄、性别相匹配无打鼾史的健康志愿者40例为对照组。应用常规超声心动图和2D-STI技术测量所有受试者的超声心动图参数,比较两组参数的差异。结果:与对照组相比,OSA组右房容积指数(RAVI)显著增大(P=0.04),三尖瓣口舒张晚期血流峰值速度(A-tv)显著升高(P=0.025),三尖瓣口舒张早期血流峰值速度/三尖瓣口舒张晚期血流峰值速度(E/A)减低(P=0.047),组织多普勒(TDI)三尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(Ea)显著减低(P=0.014)。OSA组右心室整体纵向应变(RV-GLS)(P=0.036)和右心室游离壁纵向应变(RV-FWLS)(P=0.039)显著减低。轻中度组与重度组比较,重度组RV-GLS(P=0.002)、RV-FWLS(P=0.030)显著减低,重度组RVFW基底段纵向应变(P=0.033)、心尖段纵向应变(P=0.028)显著减低,两组RVFW中间段纵向应变差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:OSAS患者右心室舒张和收缩功能均出现异常改变,2D-STI可早期发现OSAS患者右心室收缩功能的改变,且随着病情严重程度的增加,收缩功能呈减低趋势,右心室纵向应变可作为临床重要的参数,为临床治疗和预后提供有价值的信息。

Autostrain RV技术联合TDI-Tei指数对肺心病患者右心室收缩功能的评估价值

目的 探讨右心室自动应变定量技术(Autostrain RV)联合组织多普勒(TDI)-Tei指数对慢性肺源性心脏病(CPHD)患者右心室收缩功能的评估价值。方法 根据肺动脉收缩压(PASP)将111例CPHD伴三尖瓣反流患者分为3组:A组(35~49 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)40例,B组(50~69 mmHg)36例,C组(≥70 mmHg)35例,纳入同期40名健康体检者作为对照组,测量4组常规超声参数及TDI-Tei指数,应用Autostrain RV技术获取右心室整体长轴应变(RV4CSL)、右心室游离壁纵向应变(RVFWSL)、游离壁基底部纵向应变(B-RVFWSL)、中部纵向应变(M-RVFWSL)及心尖部纵向应变(A-RVFWSL)数据,比较各组间差异。结果 与对照组相比,A、B、C组RV4CSL、RVFWSL、B-RVFWSL、M-RVFWSL、A-RVFWSL绝对值及三尖瓣环收缩期平面位移(TAPSE)均减小(P<0.05),且随着PASP升高依次降低,TDI-Tei指数升高(P<0.05),且随着PASP升高依次升高,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析显示TDI-Tei指数与RVFWSL相关性较高(r=0.553,P<0.001)。ROC曲线显示Autostrain RV技术、TDI-Tei指数单独及联合评估右心室收缩功能的AUC均大于0.70,联合评估价值更高。结论 Autostrain RV技术能够敏感、准确地评价CPHD患者早期心肌功能障碍,联合TDI-Tei指数可进一步提高评估效能,为临床及时干预提供客观依据。

二维斑点追踪技术联合右室量化分析系统评价淋巴瘤患者化疗后右室功能改变

目的:应用二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STI)联合右室量化分析系统(QAS-R)评价淋巴瘤患者化疗后右室功能改变。方法:选取确诊淋巴瘤并接受蒽环类药物化疗患者40例。根据化疗周期分为化疗前(T0)、完成2个周期(T1)、完成4个周期(T2)及完成6个周期(T3)。常规超声心动图测量左室射血分数(LVEF)、三尖瓣环收缩期峰值流速(S’)、三尖瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE)、右室面积变化分数(FAC)、三尖瓣环舒张早期峰值流速(E)、三尖瓣环舒张晚期峰值流速(A),计算E/A;二维斑点追踪技术测量右室游离壁基底段应变(Sb)、右室游离壁中间段应变(Sm)、右室游离壁心尖段应变(Sa),计算右室游离壁纵向应变(RVFWLS);右室量化分析系统测量右室射血分数(RVEF)。比较上述参数化疗前后差异。结果:与T0相比,LVEF、E/A在T1、T2和T3无明显差异(P>0.05);与T0相比,RVFWLS、Sb、Sm、RVEF在T1、T2、T3明显降低(P<0.05),Sa、RVFAC在T2、T3明显降低(P<0.05),TAPSE、S’在T3明显降低(P<0.05);与T1相比,RVFWLS、Sb、Sm、Sa、RVEF、FAC在T2、T3明显降低(P<0.05);TAPSE、S’在T3明显降低(P<0.05);与T2相比,RVFWLS、Sb、Sm、Sa、RVEF、TAPSE、FAC、S’在T3明显降低(P<0.05)。在相关性分析中,蒽环类药物累积剂量与RVFWLS、Sb、Sm、Sa、RVEF、RVFAC、TAPSE、S’呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.775、-0.673、-0.628、-0.593、-0.749、-0.468、-0.368、-0.346;RVEF与RVFWLS、Sb、Sm、Sa、RVFAC、TAPSE、S’呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.667、0.597、0.491、0.544、0.354、0.258、0.257。结论:2D-STI联合QAS-R可以评价淋巴瘤患者化疗后右室功能改变。

二维斑点追踪技术评价代谢综合征患者右室收缩功能及其与心外膜脂肪厚度的关系

目的应用二维斑点追踪技术(2D-STI)评价代谢综合征(MS)患者右室收缩功能,探讨其与心外膜脂肪厚度(EAT)的关系。方法选取65例MS患者(MS组)及同期健康体检者35例(对照组),收集各代谢因素包括年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、腰围身高比(WtHR)、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖(Glu)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC);应用常规超声心动图获取右室流出道近端内径(RVOT prox)、右室基底部内径(RV-B)、右室中部内径(RV-M)、右室长径(RV-L)、三尖瓣前叶瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE)、三尖瓣环收缩期运动速度(S’)、三尖瓣口舒张早期与晚期峰值流速比值(E/A)、三尖瓣口舒张早期峰值流速与三尖瓣环舒张早期运动峰值速度比值(E/e’)、EAT、右室面积变化率(FAC);2D-STI技术获取右室整体纵向应变(RVGLS)、右室游离壁应变(RVFWS),比较两组上述参数的差异;分析RVFWS与各代谢因素之间的相关性。应用多元线性回归分析RVFWS的独立影响因素;采用Bootstrap自助抽样法分析临床指标是否介导EAT与RVFWS之间的关联。结果两组心率及各代谢因素比较显示,与对照组比较,MS组BMI、收缩压、舒张压、WtHR、Glu、TG、LDL-C、TC均增高,HDL-C减低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);两组年龄、性别、心率比较差异均无统计学意义。两组超声心动图参数比较显示,与对照组比较,MS组E/e’、EAT均增高,TAPSE、RVGLS、RVFWS均减低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);其余超声心动图参数比较差异均无统计学意义。MS组RVFWS与EAT、年龄、收缩压、舒张压、BMI、WtHR、Glu、TG、LDL-C、TC均呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关(均P<0.05);EAT、收缩压、Glu、TG、HDL-C均为RVFWS的独立影响因素(均P<0.05);EAT对RVFWS有直接影响,且收缩压、Glu、TG、HDL-C部分介导EAT对RVFWS的影响。结论2D-STI能敏感、准确地评价MS患者早期右室收缩功能。EAT为RVFWS的独立影响因素,可通过循环代谢部分介导其对右室功能产生影响。

RT-3DE联合Autostrain RV技术评价冠心病合并右冠状动脉狭窄患者右心室功能

[目的]探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)联合二维斑点追踪成像技术(2D-STI)中的右心室自动应变定量技术(Autostrain RV)评估冠心病合并右冠状动脉狭窄患者右心室功能的临床价值。[方法]收集132例疑诊为冠心病的患者,根据冠状动脉造影结果分为未发现有大于50%冠状动脉狭窄的对照组、冠心病未合并右冠状动脉狭窄组(单纯冠心病组)及冠心病合并右冠状动脉狭窄组,对三组研究对象进行常规超声测量、Autostrain RV技术分析以及RT-3DE分析。[结果]与对照组相比,单纯冠心病组、冠心病合并右冠状动脉狭窄组右心室游离壁基底段心肌纵向应变(Basal RVFWSL)、右心室游离壁中间段心肌纵向应变(Medial RVFWSL)、右心室游离壁心尖段心肌纵向应变(Apical RVFWSL)、右心室游离壁纵向应变(RVFWSL)、右心室四腔整体纵向应变(RV4CSL)、右心室射血分数(RVEF)、右心室每搏量(RVSV)及右心室每搏量指数(RVSVI)均降低,右心室收缩期末容积(RVESV)及右心室收缩期末容积指数(RVESVI)升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);ROC曲线分析发现2D-STI各参数中RVFWSL指标以及RT-3DE各参数中RVEF指标诊断效能较高;2D-STI RVFWSL指标与RT-3DE RVEF指标联合诊断效能更高,灵敏度为90.9%,特异度为95.3%。[结论]RT-3DE联合Autostrain RV技术可提高评估冠心病合并右冠状动脉狭窄患者右心室功能损伤的准确性,为早期治疗提供依据,临床应用价值高。

二维斑点追踪技术评估类风湿关节炎患者右心功能及右心室-肺动脉耦联的应用

目的使用二维斑点追踪技术评估类风湿关节炎(RA)患者的右心应变及右心室-肺动脉(RV-PA)耦联。资料与方法前瞻性选取2020年6月—2022年6月宁夏医科大学总医院60例RA患者,根据肺动脉收缩压(PASP)分为3组(A组PASP<33 mmHg,B组PASP 33~39 mmHg,C组PASP≥40 mmHg),每组20例;同期选取20例健康者作为对照组。受检者均行经胸超声心动图、二维斑点追踪成像评估右心房、右心室收缩功能,使用右心室游离壁整体应变/肺动脉收缩压(RV FWS/PASP)无创评估RV-PA耦联,并分析右心功能参数、RV-PA耦联参数与肺弥散功能的相关性。结果4组间右心室基底段内径、右心房上下径、三尖瓣瓣环位移、下腔静脉宽度、PASP、右心室收缩期整体应变、RV FWS、右心房充盈期峰值应变、右心房通道期导管峰值应变(S-CD)、RV FWS/PASP差异有统计学意义(F/H=2.369~74.880,P均<0.05),且A组与B组右心房充盈期峰值应变[(36.0±7.9)%比(30.9±7.8)%]、右心房S-CD[(19.9±6.9)%比(15.3±4.7)%]及RV FWS/PASP(0.96±0.19比0.56±0.13)差异均有统计学意义(t=2.040、2.262、7.704,P均<0.05)。RA各组肺一氧化碳弥散量占预计值的百分比与右心室收缩期整体应变、RV FWS、右心房S-CD、RV FWS/PASP呈正相关(r=0.392、0.472、0.431、0.572,P均<0.05)。结论随着肺动脉压力升高,RA患者右心功能减低、RV-PA解耦合,且与肺弥散功能障碍相关。PASP 33~39 mmHg的RA患者已发生右心功能障碍及RV-PA解耦联。

超声心动图评价系统性红斑狼疮伴肺动脉高压患者右心室-肺动脉耦联

目的 以超声心动图观察不同肺动脉压系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者心脏功能改变,分析右心室-肺动脉(RV-PA)耦联参数与右心室功能及肺动脉平均压(mPAP)的相关性。方法 回顾性分析69例SLE患者,根据三尖瓣反流速度(TRV)及有无肺动脉高压(PAH),将其分为无PAH的A组(TRV≤2.8 m/s)及B组(TRV>2.8 m/s),将存在PAH者纳入C组(mPAP≥25 mmHg)。根据二维经胸超声心动图及实时三维超声心动图所见,对比各组右心径线和右心室容量、左心室和右心室收缩及舒张功能、三尖瓣环收缩期位移/肺动脉收缩压(TAPSE/PASP),分析TAPSE/PASP与右心室功能及mPAP的相关性。结果 相比A组,C组右心增大,B、C组右心室容量增加(校正P均<0.05)。A、B、C组之间,右心室收缩功能逐渐减低,B、C组右心室舒张功能低于A组(校正P均<0.05);3组左心室收缩及舒张功能差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。全部69例TAPSE/PASP与右心室舒张末期容积呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.420,P<0.001)、与右心室射血分数呈正相关(r_(s)=0.584,P<0.001);C组TAPSE/PASP与mPAP呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.539,P=0.012)。结论 SLE伴肺动脉压升高患者可存在右心室功能降低;TAPSE/PASP与右心室收缩、舒张功能及mPAP相关。