A homogeneous and mechanically stable artificial diffusion layer using rigid-flexible hybrid polymer for high-performance lithium metal batteries

Artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) is promising to inhibit uncontrollable lithium dendrites and enable long cycling stability for lithium metal batteries. However, the essential mechanical stability is limited since organic layers generally have low modulus whereas intrinsic brittleness for inorganic ones remains a great concern. Polymer-based SEIs with rigid and flexible chains in adequate mechanical properties are supposed to address this issue. Herein, a homogeneous and mechanically stable diffusion layer is achieved by blending rigid chains of polyphenylene sulfone(PPSU) with flexible chains of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) in a hybrid membrane, enabling uniform diffusion and stabilizing the lithium metal anode. The Li||Cu cell with the protected electrode exhibits a long lifetime more than 450 cycles(0.5 m A cm^(-2), 1.0 m A h cm^(-2))(fourfold longer than the control group) with higher average Coulombic efficiency of 98.7%. Enhanced performances are also observed at Li||Li and full cell configurations. The improved performances are attributed to the controlled morphology and stable interphase, according to scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and electrochemical impedance. This research advances the idea of uniform lithium plating and provides a new insight on how to create a homogeneous and mechanically stable diffusion layer using rigid-flexible polymers.

A rigid-flexible coupling finite element model of coupler for analyzing train instability behavior during collision

Rail vehicles generate huge longitudinal impact loads in collisions.If unreasonable matching exists between the compressive strength of the intermediate coupler and the structural strength of the car body,the risk of car body structure damage and train derailment will increase.Herein,a four-stage rigid-flexible coupling finite element model of the coupler is established considering the coupler buckling load.The influence of the coupler buckling load on the train longitudinal-vertical-hori-zontal buckling behavior was studied,and the mechanism of the train horizontal buckling instability in train collisions was revealed.Analysis results show that an intermediate coupler should be designed to ensure that the actual buckling load is less than the compressive load when the car body structure begins to deform plastically.The actual buckling load of the coupler and the asymmetry of the structural strength of the car body in the lateral direction are two important influencing factors for the lateral buckling of a train collision.If the strength of the two sides of the car body structure in the lateral direction is asymmetrical,the deformation on the weaker side will be larger,and the end of the car body will begin to deflect under the action of the coupler force,which in turn causes the train to undergo sawtooth buckling.

Ride comfort evaluation for road vehicle based on rigid-flexible coupling multibody dynamics

In the present research two different whole vehicle multibody models are established respectively, including rigid and rigid-flexible coupling multibody vehicle models. The former is all composed by rigid bodies while in the later model, the flexible rear suspension is built based on the finite element method （FEM） and mode superposition method, in which the deformations of the components are considered. The ride simulations with different speeds are carried out on a 3D digitalized road, and the weighted root mean square （RMS） of accelerations on the seat surface,backrest and at the feet are calculated. The comparison between the responses of the rigid and rigid-flexible coupling multibody models shows that the flexibility of the vehicle parts significantly affects the accelerations at each position, and it is necessary to take the flexibility effects into account for the assessment of ride comfort. C 2013 The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. [doi： 10.1063/2.1301304]

Rigid-Flexible Coupling Dynamic Analysis of Sub-Launched Vehicle During the Vertical Tube-Exit Stage

During the launching stage,hydrodynamic pressure and adapters' reaction loads can influence the vehicle's rigid motion as well as cause its structural vibration,which is a typical rigid-flexible coupling dynamic problem. This paper presents a 2-D rigid-flexible coupling model to calculate the vehicle's dynamic responses in that period.The vehicle was equivalent to a flexure beam with axial deformation. Hybrid coordinate and modal superposition methods were used to describe its large rigid displacement and small deformation. By the second Lagrange equation,the vehicle centroid's displacements,rotational angle and modal coordinates were chosen as generalized coordinates and then the vehicle 's rigid-flexible coupling dynamic equations were obtained. By numerical simulation,the results of vehicle's motion parameters and transverse internal loads were acquired.The calculation results showed that differences of the vehicle's motion parameters between the rigid-flexible coupling model and the rigid body assumption are noticeable and the peak magnitude of the vehicle's transverse internal loads in the rigid-flexible coupling model is higher remarkably than that in the rigid body assumption.

Dynamic Simulation for Rigid-Flexible Coupling Model of Gear Transmission System Based on ADAMS

The influence of the flexible body for the motion of gear transmission system is analyzed and the foundation for a more accurate assessment of gear transmission system is established when it has battle damage faults. By using Pro / E software,the virtual prototype model of gear transmission system in the speed reducer is established,and the rigid model and rigid-flexible coupling model are simulated respectively in ADAMS to obtain the data of gear meshing force. It can be concluded that rigid-flexible coupling model can reflect the real motion better than rigid model by comparing the simulation data of two models.

A Study of Dynamic Analysis Method for the Rigid-Flexible Coupled Bar Linkage System

In order to present a dynamic analysis method for the rigid-flexible coupled bar linkage system(RFCBLS),the flexible element motion equation was gotten by Lagrange Equation and the rigid element motion equation was gotten based on rigid constraint conditions.The multi-body system(MBS) is a complex mechanism and its components have quite different rigidities.If it is considered as a rigid MBS(RMBS) to do its dynamic analysis,elastic deformation's ignorance will lead to inaccurate analysis.If it is considered as a flexible MBS(FMBS) to establish,analyze,and solve the model,quite large system equations make it difficult to solve.The better method is as follows:the complex mechanism system is regarded as a rigid-flexible coupled system(RFCS) to make dynamic characteristic of rigid components be equivalent,system equation is established by FMBS' way,and system equation dimensions are reduced by transition matrices' introduction.A dynamic analysis method for rigid element and flexible element coupling was presented based on the FMBS.The analyzed crank slide-block mechanism results show that the dynamic analysis method for RFCBLS is quick and convenient.

Nonlinear dynamic analysis on rigid-flexible coupling system of an elastic beam

Previous work examined the effect of the attached stiffness matrix terms on stability of an elastic beam undergoing prescribed large overall motion. The aim of the present work is to extend the nonlinear formulations to an elastic beam with free large overall motion. Based on initial stress method, the nonlinear coupling equations of elastic beams are obtained with free large overall motion and the attached stiffness matrix is derived by solving sub-static formulation. The angular velocity and the tip deformation of the elastic pendulum are calculated. The analytical results show that the simulation results of the present model are tabled and coincide with the one-order approximate model. It is shown that the simulation results accord with energy conservation principle.

Nonsmooth dynamic analysis of rigid-flexible interaction collision

This paper aims to explore the deformation of the collided bodies in multibody systems and to effectively simulate the motion path of colliding bodies.First,we describe the geometrically nonlinear problems of materials by the total Lagrangian formulation.Second,a first-order integration scheme is used to solve the dynamics equations.An algorithm combining the bi-potential method with the node-to-point contact identification is proposed to solve the interface problems of rigid-flexible interaction collision.To observe the collision process more intuitively,the internal software FER/VIEW is introduced to visualize the results.The accuracy is proved by comparing the proposed method with the analytical solution or another numerical solution.Moreover,the proposed method has more numerical robustness,such as occupying less computer storage,saving the computational cost,and broadening the application range of the bi-potential method.

MODEL OF CENTRIFUGAL EFFECT AND ATTITUDEMANEUVER STABILITY OF A COUPLEDRIGID-FLEXIBLE SYSTEM

The influences of nonlinear centrifugal force to large overall attitude motion of coupled rigid-flexible system was investigated. First the nonlinear model of the coupled rigid-flexible system was deduced from the idea of “centrifugal potential field', and then the dynamic effects of the nonlinear centrifugal force to system attitude motion were analyzed by approximate calculation; At last, the Lyapunov function based on energy norm was selected, in the condition that only the measured values of attitude and attitude speed are available, and it is proved that the PD feedback control law can ensure the attitude stability during large angle maneuver.

An analysis on a rigid-flexible coupling system of an oscillating massand a rotating disk

A mass-rod-disk system consisting of an oscillating mass attached to a rigid rotating disk by an elastic rod is designed to study rigid-flexible coupling mechanism.Suppose the rod is lightweight and has enough stiffness,the theorems of linear momentum and angular momentum are applied to the mass-rod-disk system based on the kinematic description of the system.With respect to two deflections of the mass and one angular velocity of the system,a group of nonlinear differential equations are established where the tangential inertial force,centrifugal force,Coriolis force as well as the moments of additional inertial forces take important effects on the dynamic response.For the sake of description,these three types of inertial forces mentioned before are referred to as additional inertial forces in this paper.The horizontal deflections of the mass and the angular velocity of the disk rotating about a fixed-axis are numerically solved for the prescribed external torque.The oscillating trajectory of the mass is deeply influenced by the additional inertial forces,meanwhile the dynamic fluctuations of the angular velocity and rotary inertia of the system are strongly affected by the mass oscillation.

Numerical simulation of aircraft arresting process with an efficient full-scale rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model

The arresting process of carrier-based aircraft is widely recognized as a challenging task,characterized by the highest accident rate among all carrier-based aircraft operations.Dynamic simulation plays a crucial role in assessing the intricate responses of the arresting process,favoring the design of carrier-based aircraft.An efficient and accurate rigid-flexible coupling model for analyzing the dynamic response of the arresting process is proposed.By combining the dynamic characteristics of airframe,landing gear,arresting hook and arresting gear system,the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model is established to reflect the relative motion of the coupling parts and arresting load.The dynamic model is verified through simulations of landing gear landing drops and by comparing the arresting simulation results with corresponding data in the US military standard.Additionally,simulations of the arresting process under different off-center distance and aircraft yaw angle are conducted to obtain the dynamic response of the aircraft during the arresting process.The result indicates that the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model proposed is effective for analyzing the arresting dynamics response of carrier-based aircraft.The axial force of the arresting cable on both sides of the hook engagement point,pitch and yaw angle of aircraft are inconsistent under yaw and off-center arresting.The analysis method and obtained results provide valuable references for assessing the dynamic responses of carrier-based aircraft during arresting process and offer valuable in-sights in the design of carrier-based aircraft.

Research on Crucial Manufacturing Process of Rigid-Flex PCB

The main characteristics, applications, the emphases of manufacturing process are introduced, and the research of new product of rigid-flex Printed Circuit Board （PCB） is also described. In particular, the plasma desmear process, which is the crucial problems of manufacturing process, is discussed in detail. Samsung 4-layer rigid-flex PCB has been developed successfully, and the qualification rate reaches to 89.4%.

A systematic review of rigid-flexible composite pavement

Rigid-flexible composite pavement has gained significant popularity in recent decades.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress concerning rigid-flexible composite pavement,aiming to promote its application and address key issues while identifying future directions.The design theory and methodology of rigid-flexible composite pavement are discussed,followed by a description of its structural and mechanical behavior characteristics.The load stress,temperature stress,and their interactive effects between the asphalt layer and the rigid base were analyzed.It is clarified that the asphalt layer serves a dual role as both a“functional layer”and a“structural layer”.Typical distresses of rigid-flexible composite pavement,which primarily occur in the asphalt layer,were discussed.These distresses include reflective cracking,top-down cracking,rutting,and compressive-shear failure.Generally,the integrity of the rigid base and the interlaminar bonding conditions significantly impact the performance and distress of the asphalt layer.The technology for enhancing the performance of rigid-flexible composite pavement is summarized in three aspects:asphalt layer properties,rigid base integrity,and interlaminar bonding condition.The study concludes that developing high-performance pavement materials based on their structural behaviors is an effective approach to improve the performance and durability of rigid-flexible composite pavement.The integrated design of structure and materials represents the future direction of road design.

精密传动系统的机电耦合建模及仿真分析

针对伺服系统中传动系统的机电耦合影响了系统的动态特性和响应特性,提出了基于伺服系统的精密传动系统的机电耦合因素,分析了机电系统耦合建模方法。以大型精密卧式加工中心伺服进给系统为研究对象,通过分析系统各组成环节的数学模型,得到了该系统的动态结构图,建立了该系统的机电耦合模型,仿真分析了精密传动系统的传动刚度和传动误差对伺服系统的影响。利用该模型可以分析参数变化对伺服进给系统稳定性和动态特性的影响,为参数优化提供了计算模型。

硅烷偶联剂对不锈钢表面膜基结合强度的影响

运用拉伸法研究了硅烷偶联剂对316L不锈钢高分子涂层的结合强度的影响。并对硅烷偶联剂的含量、预处理时间及pH值等工艺条件进行了优化。采用ATRIR,XPS等技术表征了偶联剂提高膜基结合强度的机理。结果表明:硅烷偶联剂能够显著提高不锈钢与高分子涂层之间的结合强度,最佳的工艺条件为:偶联剂含量w=0.05,处理时间为10s,溶液的pH值为6。作用机理是:偶联剂一端与金属生成了Si-O-Me键,另一端与高分子相互缠绕形成了复杂的互穿网络结构。

考虑齿圈柔性的行星传动系统固有特性与灵敏度研究

为有效地模拟行星齿轮传动系统齿圈结构柔性,采用有限元方法建立了齿圈结构模型,依据啮合力与内齿圈的变形协调关系建立了传动系统刚-柔耦合动力学模型,求解了系统固有频率与振型,阐述了耦合系统固有频率的分布规律,依据系统振动特征,将系统振型划分为6种振动模式。计算了系统刚度对各阶固有频率的灵敏度,可作为行星传动系统振动抑制的依据,分析了系统扭转振动随太阳轮扭转刚度和太阳轮与行星轮啮合刚度的变化规律,讨论了齿圈厚度对系统固有频率分布、子系统耦合阶次与振动模式的影响,发现系统固有频率均会在齿轮子系统扭转振动频率位置出现,但随着齿圈厚度的增加,与之耦合的齿圈振动模式则逐渐由高阶节径振动逐渐降低,系统一阶振型也会由齿圈节径振动模式转变为齿圈刚体振动模式。

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镁质耐火材料中次量及微量成分

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定镁质耐火材料中SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,TiO2,CaO,K2O,Na2O,MnO等次量及微量成分。通过试验确定了熔样方法、仪器最佳工作参数、ICP分析条件、分析谱线等,同时研究了基体效应。结果表明,样品用四硼酸锂和碳酸锂混合熔剂在1 000℃左右的温度下熔融,可以完全分解试样;引进试液中大量锂和基体镁对测定有影响,用基体匹配的方法克服,含量较高的钙、铁和铝对含量低的其他元素没有光谱干扰。用本法分析了镁质耐火材料标样BCS319和BHO116-3,测定值与认定值基本一致,相对标准偏差小于3%(n=6)。

厌氧膜生物反应器膜污染特性研究

试验研究了厌氧膜生物反应器(MCAB)在处理酒厂高浓度有机废水时的膜污染特性.试验分析了膜阻力分布状况,结果表明外部阻力(浓差极化阻力和泥饼层阻力之和)占总阻力的98%,小于膜孔的物质进入膜孔内引起堵塞与吸附而形成的内部阻力仅占总阻力的2%.同时对泥饼阻力模型(J(t)与t的关系)进行变形推导得出新的阻力模型(阻力R与t的关系),并对数据进行线性拟合,结果表明厌氧膜生物反应器膜阻力符合新的阻力模型,并得到试验条件下的厌氧膜生物反应器的阻力数学模型方程为:R(t)=2.19×1013(1+0.14t)0.5.

中部六省省会城市金融集聚与区域经济增长耦合发展研究

随着金融业的快速发展,金融集聚对区域经济增长的影响越来越凸显。基于此背景,文章构建了中部六省省会城市金融集聚与区域经济增长综合评价指标体系,建立了耦合度函数与耦合匹配度函数,并划分出耦合系统匹配度类型。在此基础上,对近年来中部六省省会城市金融集聚与区域经济增长之间的耦合协调度进行了实证分析。结果表明:在2010-2012年,中部六省省会城市金融集聚与区域经济增长之间的耦合协调性存在较大差异。从总体上看,武汉、郑州、长沙等3个省会城市金融集聚与区域经济增长之间耦合性较好,而合肥、南昌、太原等3个省会城市金融集聚与区域经济增长之间耦合性不够好。

考虑耦合关系的箱体结构有限元分析

从理论上分析了板单元-实体单元相结合的单元刚度矩阵转化问题。并在此基础上,基于耦合和约束方程处理方法,建立了板单元和实体单元相结合的箱体式雷达天线结构有限元模型。通过分析结果与变形测试试验结果和其它有限元建模方法之间的对比,证明了所建立的有限元模型的合理性。