A systematic review of rigid-flexible composite pavement

Rigid-flexible composite pavement has gained significant popularity in recent decades.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress concerning rigid-flexible composite pavement,aiming to promote its application and address key issues while identifying future directions.The design theory and methodology of rigid-flexible composite pavement are discussed,followed by a description of its structural and mechanical behavior characteristics.The load stress,temperature stress,and their interactive effects between the asphalt layer and the rigid base were analyzed.It is clarified that the asphalt layer serves a dual role as both a“functional layer”and a“structural layer”.Typical distresses of rigid-flexible composite pavement,which primarily occur in the asphalt layer,were discussed.These distresses include reflective cracking,top-down cracking,rutting,and compressive-shear failure.Generally,the integrity of the rigid base and the interlaminar bonding conditions significantly impact the performance and distress of the asphalt layer.The technology for enhancing the performance of rigid-flexible composite pavement is summarized in three aspects:asphalt layer properties,rigid base integrity,and interlaminar bonding condition.The study concludes that developing high-performance pavement materials based on their structural behaviors is an effective approach to improve the performance and durability of rigid-flexible composite pavement.The integrated design of structure and materials represents the future direction of road design.

A homogeneous and mechanically stable artificial diffusion layer using rigid-flexible hybrid polymer for high-performance lithium metal batteries

Artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) is promising to inhibit uncontrollable lithium dendrites and enable long cycling stability for lithium metal batteries. However, the essential mechanical stability is limited since organic layers generally have low modulus whereas intrinsic brittleness for inorganic ones remains a great concern. Polymer-based SEIs with rigid and flexible chains in adequate mechanical properties are supposed to address this issue. Herein, a homogeneous and mechanically stable diffusion layer is achieved by blending rigid chains of polyphenylene sulfone(PPSU) with flexible chains of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) in a hybrid membrane, enabling uniform diffusion and stabilizing the lithium metal anode. The Li||Cu cell with the protected electrode exhibits a long lifetime more than 450 cycles(0.5 m A cm^(-2), 1.0 m A h cm^(-2))(fourfold longer than the control group) with higher average Coulombic efficiency of 98.7%. Enhanced performances are also observed at Li||Li and full cell configurations. The improved performances are attributed to the controlled morphology and stable interphase, according to scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and electrochemical impedance. This research advances the idea of uniform lithium plating and provides a new insight on how to create a homogeneous and mechanically stable diffusion layer using rigid-flexible polymers.

A rigid-flexible coupling finite element model of coupler for analyzing train instability behavior during collision

Rail vehicles generate huge longitudinal impact loads in collisions.If unreasonable matching exists between the compressive strength of the intermediate coupler and the structural strength of the car body,the risk of car body structure damage and train derailment will increase.Herein,a four-stage rigid-flexible coupling finite element model of the coupler is established considering the coupler buckling load.The influence of the coupler buckling load on the train longitudinal-vertical-hori-zontal buckling behavior was studied,and the mechanism of the train horizontal buckling instability in train collisions was revealed.Analysis results show that an intermediate coupler should be designed to ensure that the actual buckling load is less than the compressive load when the car body structure begins to deform plastically.The actual buckling load of the coupler and the asymmetry of the structural strength of the car body in the lateral direction are two important influencing factors for the lateral buckling of a train collision.If the strength of the two sides of the car body structure in the lateral direction is asymmetrical,the deformation on the weaker side will be larger,and the end of the car body will begin to deflect under the action of the coupler force,which in turn causes the train to undergo sawtooth buckling.

Ride comfort evaluation for road vehicle based on rigid-flexible coupling multibody dynamics

In the present research two different whole vehicle multibody models are established respectively, including rigid and rigid-flexible coupling multibody vehicle models. The former is all composed by rigid bodies while in the later model, the flexible rear suspension is built based on the finite element method （FEM） and mode superposition method, in which the deformations of the components are considered. The ride simulations with different speeds are carried out on a 3D digitalized road, and the weighted root mean square （RMS） of accelerations on the seat surface,backrest and at the feet are calculated. The comparison between the responses of the rigid and rigid-flexible coupling multibody models shows that the flexibility of the vehicle parts significantly affects the accelerations at each position, and it is necessary to take the flexibility effects into account for the assessment of ride comfort. C 2013 The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. [doi： 10.1063/2.1301304]

Complete geometric nonlinear formulation for rigid-flexible coupling dynamics

A complete geometric nonlinear formulation for rigid-flexible coupling dynamics of a flexible beam undergoing large overall motion was proposed based on virtual work principle, in which all the high-order terms related to coupling deformation were included in dynamic equations. Simulation examples of the flexible beam with prescribed rotation and free rotation were investigated. Numerical results show that the use of the first-order approximation coupling (FOAC) model may lead to a significant error when the flexible beam experiences large deformation or large deformation velocity. However, the correct solutions can always be obtained by using the present complete model. The difference in essence between this model and the FOAC model is revealed. These coupling high-order terms, which are ignored in FOAC model, have a remarkable effect on the dynamic behavior of the flexible body. Therefore, these terms should be included for the rigid-flexible dynamic modeling and analysis of flexible body undergoing motions with high speed.

Rigid-Flexible Coupling Dynamic Analysis of Sub-Launched Vehicle During the Vertical Tube-Exit Stage

During the launching stage,hydrodynamic pressure and adapters' reaction loads can influence the vehicle's rigid motion as well as cause its structural vibration,which is a typical rigid-flexible coupling dynamic problem. This paper presents a 2-D rigid-flexible coupling model to calculate the vehicle's dynamic responses in that period.The vehicle was equivalent to a flexure beam with axial deformation. Hybrid coordinate and modal superposition methods were used to describe its large rigid displacement and small deformation. By the second Lagrange equation,the vehicle centroid's displacements,rotational angle and modal coordinates were chosen as generalized coordinates and then the vehicle 's rigid-flexible coupling dynamic equations were obtained. By numerical simulation,the results of vehicle's motion parameters and transverse internal loads were acquired.The calculation results showed that differences of the vehicle's motion parameters between the rigid-flexible coupling model and the rigid body assumption are noticeable and the peak magnitude of the vehicle's transverse internal loads in the rigid-flexible coupling model is higher remarkably than that in the rigid body assumption.

Dynamic Simulation for Rigid-Flexible Coupling Model of Gear Transmission System Based on ADAMS

The influence of the flexible body for the motion of gear transmission system is analyzed and the foundation for a more accurate assessment of gear transmission system is established when it has battle damage faults. By using Pro / E software,the virtual prototype model of gear transmission system in the speed reducer is established,and the rigid model and rigid-flexible coupling model are simulated respectively in ADAMS to obtain the data of gear meshing force. It can be concluded that rigid-flexible coupling model can reflect the real motion better than rigid model by comparing the simulation data of two models.

A Study of Dynamic Analysis Method for the Rigid-Flexible Coupled Bar Linkage System

In order to present a dynamic analysis method for the rigid-flexible coupled bar linkage system(RFCBLS),the flexible element motion equation was gotten by Lagrange Equation and the rigid element motion equation was gotten based on rigid constraint conditions.The multi-body system(MBS) is a complex mechanism and its components have quite different rigidities.If it is considered as a rigid MBS(RMBS) to do its dynamic analysis,elastic deformation's ignorance will lead to inaccurate analysis.If it is considered as a flexible MBS(FMBS) to establish,analyze,and solve the model,quite large system equations make it difficult to solve.The better method is as follows:the complex mechanism system is regarded as a rigid-flexible coupled system(RFCS) to make dynamic characteristic of rigid components be equivalent,system equation is established by FMBS' way,and system equation dimensions are reduced by transition matrices' introduction.A dynamic analysis method for rigid element and flexible element coupling was presented based on the FMBS.The analyzed crank slide-block mechanism results show that the dynamic analysis method for RFCBLS is quick and convenient.

Nonsmooth dynamic analysis of rigid-flexible interaction collision

This paper aims to explore the deformation of the collided bodies in multibody systems and to effectively simulate the motion path of colliding bodies.First,we describe the geometrically nonlinear problems of materials by the total Lagrangian formulation.Second,a first-order integration scheme is used to solve the dynamics equations.An algorithm combining the bi-potential method with the node-to-point contact identification is proposed to solve the interface problems of rigid-flexible interaction collision.To observe the collision process more intuitively,the internal software FER/VIEW is introduced to visualize the results.The accuracy is proved by comparing the proposed method with the analytical solution or another numerical solution.Moreover,the proposed method has more numerical robustness,such as occupying less computer storage,saving the computational cost,and broadening the application range of the bi-potential method.

Nonlinear dynamic analysis on rigid-flexible coupling system of an elastic beam

Previous work examined the effect of the attached stiffness matrix terms on stability of an elastic beam undergoing prescribed large overall motion. The aim of the present work is to extend the nonlinear formulations to an elastic beam with free large overall motion. Based on initial stress method, the nonlinear coupling equations of elastic beams are obtained with free large overall motion and the attached stiffness matrix is derived by solving sub-static formulation. The angular velocity and the tip deformation of the elastic pendulum are calculated. The analytical results show that the simulation results of the present model are tabled and coincide with the one-order approximate model. It is shown that the simulation results accord with energy conservation principle.

MODEL OF CENTRIFUGAL EFFECT AND ATTITUDEMANEUVER STABILITY OF A COUPLEDRIGID-FLEXIBLE SYSTEM

The influences of nonlinear centrifugal force to large overall attitude motion of coupled rigid-flexible system was investigated. First the nonlinear model of the coupled rigid-flexible system was deduced from the idea of “centrifugal potential field', and then the dynamic effects of the nonlinear centrifugal force to system attitude motion were analyzed by approximate calculation; At last, the Lyapunov function based on energy norm was selected, in the condition that only the measured values of attitude and attitude speed are available, and it is proved that the PD feedback control law can ensure the attitude stability during large angle maneuver.

An analysis on a rigid-flexible coupling system of an oscillating massand a rotating disk

A mass-rod-disk system consisting of an oscillating mass attached to a rigid rotating disk by an elastic rod is designed to study rigid-flexible coupling mechanism.Suppose the rod is lightweight and has enough stiffness,the theorems of linear momentum and angular momentum are applied to the mass-rod-disk system based on the kinematic description of the system.With respect to two deflections of the mass and one angular velocity of the system,a group of nonlinear differential equations are established where the tangential inertial force,centrifugal force,Coriolis force as well as the moments of additional inertial forces take important effects on the dynamic response.For the sake of description,these three types of inertial forces mentioned before are referred to as additional inertial forces in this paper.The horizontal deflections of the mass and the angular velocity of the disk rotating about a fixed-axis are numerically solved for the prescribed external torque.The oscillating trajectory of the mass is deeply influenced by the additional inertial forces,meanwhile the dynamic fluctuations of the angular velocity and rotary inertia of the system are strongly affected by the mass oscillation.

FPGA Optimized Accelerator of DCNN with Fast Data Readout and Multiplier Sharing Strategy

With the continuous development of deep learning,Deep Convolutional Neural Network(DCNN)has attracted wide attention in the industry due to its high accuracy in image classification.Compared with other DCNN hard-ware deployment platforms,Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)has the advantages of being programmable,low power consumption,parallelism,and low cost.However,the enormous amount of calculation of DCNN and the limited logic capacity of FPGA restrict the energy efficiency of the DCNN accelerator.The traditional sequential sliding window method can improve the throughput of the DCNN accelerator by data multiplexing,but this method’s data multiplexing rate is low because it repeatedly reads the data between rows.This paper proposes a fast data readout strategy via the circular sliding window data reading method,it can improve the multiplexing rate of data between rows by optimizing the memory access order of input data.In addition,the multiplication bit width of the DCNN accelerator is much smaller than that of the Digital Signal Processing(DSP)on the FPGA,which means that there will be a waste of resources if a multiplication uses a single DSP.A multiplier sharing strategy is proposed,the multiplier of the accelerator is customized so that a single DSP block can complete multiple groups of 4,6,and 8-bit signed multiplication in parallel.Finally,based on two strategies of appeal,an FPGA optimized accelerator is proposed.The accelerator is customized by Verilog language and deployed on Xilinx VCU118.When the accelerator recognizes the CIRFAR-10 dataset,its energy efficiency is 39.98 GOPS/W,which provides 1.73×speedup energy efficiency over previous DCNN FPGA accelerators.When the accelerator recognizes the IMAGENET dataset,its energy efficiency is 41.12 GOPS/W,which shows 1.28×−3.14×energy efficiency compared with others.

Optimization of Quantum Cost for Low Energy Reversible Signed/Unsigned Multiplier Using Urdhva-Tiryakbhyam Sutra

One of the elementary operations in computing systems is multiplication.Therefore,high-speed and low-power multipliers design is mandatory for efficient computing systems.In designing low-energy dissipation circuits,reversible logic is more efficient than irreversible logic circuits but at the cost of higher complexity.This paper introduces an efficient signed/unsigned 4×4 reversible Vedic multiplier with minimum quantum cost.The Vedic multiplier is considered fast as it generates all partial product and their sum in one step.This paper proposes two reversible Vedic multipliers with optimized quantum cost and garbage output.First,the unsigned Vedic multiplier is designed based on the Urdhava Tiryakbhyam(UT)Sutra.This multiplier consists of bitwise multiplication and adder compressors.Compared with Vedic multipliers in the literature,the proposed design has a quantum cost of 111 with a reduction of 94%compared to the previous design.It has a garbage output of 30 with optimization of the best-compared design.Second,the proposed unsigned multiplier is expanded to allow the multiplication of signed numbers as well as unsigned numbers.Two signed Vedic multipliers are presented with the aim of obtaining more optimization in performance parameters.DesignI has separate binary two’s complement(B2C)and MUX circuits,while DesignII combines binary two’s complement and MUX circuits in one circuit.DesignI shows the lowest quantum cost,231,regarding state-ofthe-art.DesignII has a quantum cost of 199,reducing to 86.14%of DesignI.The functionality of the proposed multiplier is simulated and verified using XILINX ISE 14.2.

An Optimized Deep-Learning-Based Low Power Approximate Multiplier Design

Approximate computing is a popularfield for low power consumption that is used in several applications like image processing,video processing,multi-media and data mining.This Approximate computing is majorly performed with an arithmetic circuit particular with a multiplier.The multiplier is the most essen-tial element used for approximate computing where the power consumption is majorly based on its performance.There are several researchers are worked on the approximate multiplier for power reduction for a few decades,but the design of low power approximate multiplier is not so easy.This seems a bigger challenge for digital industries to design an approximate multiplier with low power and minimum error rate with higher accuracy.To overcome these issues,the digital circuits are applied to the Deep Learning(DL)approaches for higher accuracy.In recent times,DL is the method that is used for higher learning and prediction accuracy in severalfields.Therefore,the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)is a popular time series DL method is used in this work for approximate computing.To provide an optimal solution,the LSTM is combined with a meta-heuristics Jel-lyfish search optimisation technique to design an input aware deep learning-based approximate multiplier(DLAM).In this work,the jelly optimised LSTM model is used to enhance the error metrics performance of the Approximate multiplier.The optimal hyperparameters of the LSTM model are identified by jelly search opti-misation.Thisfine-tuning is used to obtain an optimal solution to perform an LSTM with higher accuracy.The proposed pre-trained LSTM model is used to generate approximate design libraries for the different truncation levels as a func-tion of area,delay,power and error metrics.The experimental results on an 8-bit multiplier with an image processing application shows that the proposed approx-imate computing multiplier achieved a superior area and power reduction with very good results on error rates.

DRG支付方式下公立医院特殊病例住院费用影响因素分析

目的:分析DRG支付方式下,包括高倍率病例和低倍率病例在内的特殊病例费用特征及其影响因素,为降低医疗费用、减轻患者负担和完善DRG支付方式改革提供参考。方法:选取某三甲综合医院2022年全年所有特殊病例的病案首页数据,采用描述性分析和单因素分析对特殊病例的影响因素进行分析,并通过结构方程模型分析各影响因素间的作用路径和影响程度。结果:纳入高倍率病例1281例(占总病例2.78%),其中治疗费用花费最多(占16.29%),费用最少的是诊察费(占0.79%);低倍率病例3266例(占7.09%),其中手术费用花费最多(占31.51%),费用最少的是诊疗费(占1.61%)。性别、年龄、住院天数、科室类别、医保付费方式、并发症均是特殊病例住院费用的影响因素(P<0.05)。结构方程模型结果显示,科室类别对费用的影响最大,性别对费用的影响最小。结论:调整医疗费用结构,缩短患者的住院天数,合理使用DRG支付方式,从而降低医疗费用、提高诊疗效率,实现总体控费目标。

激活数据要素 赋能千行万业——《“数据要素×”三年行动计划(2024—2026年)》政策解读

[目的/意义]2024年1月,《“数据要素×”三年行动计划(2024—2026年)》正式印发。文章对其主要内容进行解读,旨在探讨政策制定的背后逻辑,明确政策的核心要义与具体导向,从而推动政策落实,加快数据要素市场化建设。[方法/过程]从乘数效应、保障支持、组织实施三大方面对政策主要内容进行阐释。[结果/结论]政策以各行业领域的实际需求为着眼点,以协同优化、复用增效、融合创新为数据要素乘数效应发挥的主要路径,同时保障数据要素流通的效率与安全,并最终通过多措并举来实现数据要素在各行业领域的深度融合和创新应用。

数据要素乘数效应赋能实体经济发展:作用机理及路径选择

[目的/意义]数据要素作为新型生产要素,已成为推动经济社会高质量发展的关键动力。发挥数据要素乘数效应赋能实体经济发展,对于促进我国数字经济健康发展、增强实体经济发展新动能至关重要。[方法/过程]从促进数据要素价值稳步释放、推动产业转型升级、赋能实体经济发展3个方面明晰发挥数据要素乘数效应赋能实体经济发展的现实基础,并阐释数据要素乘数效应赋能实体经济从“协同”到“复用”到“融合”的3种作用机理。[结果/结论]以“支撑数据要素供给—深化数据应用场景—完善数据治理制度”三位一体思路,深入探索发挥数据要素乘数效应赋能实体经济高质量发展的实践路径。

面向光伏集群的配电网模型⁃数据联合驱动无功/电压控制

传统配电网的无功/电压控制(VVC)方法,难以兼顾控制决策的全局最优性与实时响应能力,分布式光伏(DPV)的分散化、高比例并网导致该矛盾日益突出。结合模型优化的寻优能力与深度强化学习的在线决策效率,提出了面向光伏(PV)集群的配电网模型-数据联合驱动VVC策略。首先,考虑日前优化调度与日内实时控制的运行特征,结合DPV集群划分,构建了配电网分布式两阶段VVC框架;然后,以系统运行网损最低为目标,建立了配电网分布式日前VVC模型,并提出了基于Nesterov加速梯度的分布式求解算法;其次,以日前决策为输入量,建立了基于部分可观马尔可夫博弈的配电网实时VVC模型,并提出了基于迭代终止惩罚函数的改进多智能体深度确定性策略梯度算法;最后,基于MATLAB/PyCharm软件平台进行了算例分析,验证了所提方法的全局趋优性以及实时响应能力,提高了PV高比例接入配电网运行的经济性和安全性。

财政转移支付制度、财政提质增效与经济增长——基于转移支付不确定性的研究

地方政府财政收入的不确定性对其财税行为会造成影响,进而可能影响到财政支出的经济增长效应。使用1998-2007年中国县级层面的财政数据,以2001年民族地区转移支付制度的确立作为工具变量,估算中国地区层面的财政支出乘数,并研究转移支付不确定性对地区层面财政支出乘数的影响,实证结果表明,县级地区转移支付不确定性每增加1个标准差会导致县级地区财政支出乘数减少0.57,专项转移支付不确定性是导致地方政府财政支出乘数下降的主要因素,而一般性转移支付不确定性对地方政府财政支出乘数没有显著影响。机制研究表明,转移支付不确定性通过影响地方政府的财政收支行为,使得地方政府提高当地企业的实际税率,减少了当地企业的产出,进而影响到地区层面产出。