A Ring Model for Limit Analysis of Spatial XX Tubular Joints

-A ring model is developed to investigate the ultimate strength of tubular X and XX joints in the case that the brace is compressed. In the present analysis, the tubular joint is made of elasto-perfectly-plastic material, and the arch element of the chord section intersecting with the brace is assumed to be rigid. It is found that when 6 plastic hinges for X joint and 8 plastic hinges Tor XX joint appear in the ring, the limit state is reached, and by means of the equivalent ring width Be formula proposed in a previous paper by the authors, the ultimate strength of tubular X and XX joints subjected to compression can be obtained.

深水采油树Spring-Seal密封圈接触模型构建与实验测试

为提高深水采油树在高压、高温、低温等工况下长时间工作的稳定性,对采油树密封圈进行重新设计,提出Spring-Seal密封圈(以下简称S密封圈);基于赫兹接触理论、填料密封接触理论,重新构建S密封圈接触力学模型;建立有限元仿真分析模型,分析不同条件下S密封圈的密封性能,同时验证新建接触模型的合理性;利用实验测试S密封圈的实际密封效果。研究结果表明:S密封圈在高压、高温、低温等工况下能够长时间稳定工作且密封性能良好。研究结果可为S密封圈的接触研究及工程运用提供理论参考。

Ring Model for Pneumatic Tires

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of the ring modeling method for tires, emphasizing the differences among the various tire ring models. A general tire ring model was then developed including all the nonlinear terms in the ring strain and the initial stresses induced by the internal pressure and rotation. The general equations of motion were derived from the Hamilton principle whth the geometric parameters for the model directly obtained from the tire design. The physical parameters were calculated from experimental mode parameters. A numerical example is given for a 195/70 R14-type tire. The analysis shows that the predicted natural frequencies and the tire mode shape agree well with experimental results.

Mathematical analysis of corneal remodelling after intracorneal ring surgery in keratoconus

AIM：To represent mathematically the intersection between the ectatic corneal geometry and the plane of intracorneal ring implants（ICRS）in order to determine the corneal response to ICRS surgery in keratoconus（KC）.Thereafter,to present the concept and early results of a newly derived topography-guided nomogram for ICRS surgery for the treatment of keratectasia. METHODS：The corneal rings plane intersection was modelled to a conic section. Ring effect was the result of：the ring size,position（steep vs flat）,location（distance from the geometric centre of the cornea）,and the discrepancy between the ring＇s curvature and the tunnel＇s curvature.Femtosecond laser was used to create the tunnels and the incision sites were chosen according to the nomogram in order to place the thickest ring in the steepest portion of the cornea regardless of the astigmatism axis of refraction.RESULTS：The conic section had a more prolate shape in the steep area of the cornea than in the flat area,depending on the corneal sagittal curvature. Equal ring size had more flattening effect in the steep area than in the flat area. Thick segment should be implanted under the steep portion of the cornea regardless of the cylinder axis of refraction. Single segment in the steep area was sufficient in early and moderate cases of KC. The new nomogram provided more topographic regularity with significant reduction of astigmatism and better improvement in uncorrected visual acuity（UCVA）and best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA）than the conventional nomogram. CONCLUSION：The newly derived nomogram can produce better results than the conventional nomogram. Moreover,based on this concept,a new nomogram can be integrated into the femtosecond laser software to create topography-guided,customized,elliptical tunnels with modified focal asphericity that allows for customized focal flattening of the irregularly steepened ectatic cornea.

A new numerical model of ring shear tester for shear band soil considering friction-induced thermal pressurization

In this study,a new numerical model of ring shear tester for shear band soil of landslide was established.The special feature of this model is that it considers the mechanism of friction-induced thermal pressurization,which is potentially an important cause of high-speed catastrophic landslides.The key to the construction of this numerical ring shear model is to realize the THM(thermo-hydro-mechanical)dynamic coupling of soil particles,which includes the processes of frictional heating,thermal pressurization,and strength softening during shearing of solid particles.All of these are completed by using discrete element method.Based on this new model,the characteristics of shear stress change with shear displacement,as well as the variation of temperature and pore pressure in the specimen,are studied at shear rates of 0.055 m/s,0.06 m/s,0.109 m/s and 1.09 m/s,respectively.The results show that the peak strength and residual strength of specimen are significantly reduced when the mechanism of frictioninduced thermal pressurization is considered.The greater the shear rate is,the higher the temperature as well as the pore pressure is.The effect of shear rate on the shear strength is bidirectional.The simulation results demonstrate that this model can effectively simulate the mechanism of friction-induced thermal pressurization of shear band soil during ring shear process,and the shear strength softening in the process.The new numerical ring shear model established in this study is of great significance for studying the dynamic mechanism of high-speed catastrophic landslides.

A PREDICTION OF THE VORTEX-RING STATE BOUNDARY BASED ON MODEL TESTS

To understand the vortex-ring state and to develop an approach for predicting its boundary, a series of model rotor tests of vertical descent and oblique descent have been conducted on a newly-built test apparatus - the Whirling Beam. The test results showed some unsteady aerodynamic behavior of the model rotor operating in the vortex-ring state. A very irregular variation of the rotortorque at low rate-of-descent was observed here for the first time. We considered it to be the start of the 'power settling' and determined the critical descent velocity according to this observation. A previous criterion for the vortex-ring state was modified to give a semi-empirical method for predicting the entire vortex-ring state boundary. The computed boundary shows a good correlation with the model test results and the flight experiences.

Turing pattern selection in a reaction-diffusion epidemic model

We present Turing pattern selection in a reaction-diffusion epidemic model under zero-flux boundary conditions. The value of this study is twofold. First, it establishes the amplitude equations for the excited modes, which determines the stability of amplitudes towards uniform and inhomogeneous perturbations. Second, it illustrates all five categories of Turing patterns close to the onset of Turing bifurcation via numerical simulations which indicates that the model dynamics exhibits complex pattern replication： on increasing the control parameter v, the sequence ＂H0 hexagons → H0-hexagon-stripe mixtures →stripes → Hπ-hexagon-stripe mixtures → Hπ hexagons＂ is observed. This may enrich the pattern dynamics in a diffusive epidemic model.

PERSISTENT CURRENT IN A ONE-DIMENSIONAL MESOSCOPIC RING WITH ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTION IN THE LATTICE MODEL

A new non-perturbative method is used to discuss the persistent current in a one-dimensional mesoscopic ring threaded by a flux φ with electron-phonon interaction in the lattice model. The current is periodic in φ with a flux quantum φ 0 and the electron-phonon interaction suppresses the persistent current. By considering the contributions of many-phonon correlations, we could obtain more accurate results.

ORPOM model for optimum distribution of tree ring sampling based on the climate observation network

Tree ring dating plays an important role in obtaining past climate information.The fundamental study of obtaining tree ring samples in typical climate regions is particularly essential.The optimum distribution of tree ring sampling sites based on climate information from the Climate Observation Network(ORPOM model) is presented in this article.In this setup,the tree rings in a typical region are used for surface representation,by applying excellent correlation with the climate information as the main principle.Taking the Horqin Sandy Land in the cold and arid region of China as an example,the optimum distribution range of the tree ring sampling sites was obtained through the application of the ORPOM model,which is considered a reasonably practical scheme.

Phase field modeling of the ring-banded spherulites of crystalline polymers: The role of thermal diffusion

The ring-banded spherulite is a special morphology of polymer crystals and has attracted considerable attention over recent decades. In this study, a new phase field model with polymer characteristics is established to investigate the emergence and formation mechanism of the ring-banded spherulites of crystalline polymers. The model consists of a nonconserved phase field representing the phase transition and a temperature field describing the diffusion of the released latent heat. The corresponding model parameters can be obtained from experimentally accessible material parameters.Two-dimensional calculations are carried out for the ring-banded spherulitic growth of polyethylene film under a series of crystallization temperatures. The results of these calculations demonstrate that the formation of ring-banded spherulites can be triggered by the self-generated thermal field. Moreover, some temperature-dependent characteristics of the ring-banded spherulites observed in experiments are reproduced by simulations, which may help to study the effects of crystallization temperature on the ring-banded structures.

Simulation of the growth ring density of Larix olgensis plantation wood with the ARMA model

Because growth ring data have temporal features, time series analysis can be used to simulate and reveal changes in the life of a tree and contribute to plantation management. In this study, the autoregressive(AR) and moving average modeling method was used to simulate the time series for growth ring density in a larch plantation with different initial planting densities. We adopted the Box–Jenkins method for the modeling, which was initially based on an intuitive analysis of sequence graphs followed by the augmented Dickey–Fuller stationarity test. The order p and q of the ARMA(p, q) model was determined based on the autocorrelation and partial correlation coefficient figure truncated on the respective order.Through the residual judgment, the model AR(2) was only fitted to the larch growth ring density series for the plantation with the 1.5 9 2.0 m^2 initial planting density.Because the residuals series for the other three series was not shown as a white noise sequence, the modeling was rerun. Larch wood from the initial planting density of2.0 9 2.0 m^2 was modeled by ARMA(2, 1), and ARMA((1, 5), 3) fitted to the 2.5 9 2.5 m^2 initial planting density,and the 3.0 9 3.0 m^2 was modeled by AR(1, 2, 5).Although the ARMA modeling can simulate the change in growth ring density, data for the different growth ring time series were described by different models. Thus, time series modeling can be suitable for growth ring data analysis, revealing the time domain and frequency domain of growth ring data.

特征分解模式下的系列化零件模型重构方法

具有相似结构特征的系列化零件模型,为进行高效地零件变更以适应不断变化的设计要求,提出基于特征分解的思想实现模型重构。通过完善布尔分割环组成实现模型分解,将模型解析为特征体的布尔组合;建立模型加权属性邻接图,分割出特征子图,获得分割块与模型整体的几何拓扑关系,以此表征模型分割元素之间的联系;通过判断分割环分割的优先级,从分解过程逆向推导,将分割得到的面壳恢复成特征体,构建基于模型设计历史的有向图表征建模过程;基于几何约束和定位约束实现模型参数化重构。经实例验证,当在满足几何和定位约束前提下对零件模型进行重构时,该方法能够实现系列化零件模型的快速变更。

超大跨劲性骨架拱桥缩尺模型试验方案设计研究

为对超大跨劲性骨架拱桥缩尺模型试验方案进行合理设计,以计算跨径600 m的劲性骨架拱桥——天峨龙滩特大桥为背景,围绕模型缩尺比、结构设计、材料及加载系统等关键环节,开展主拱圈缩尺模型试验方案设计研究。最终确定模型拱缩尺比为1∶10,劲性钢骨架采用单肋形式,采用与实桥主拱圈性能相近、便于施工的材料,采用阵列式滑轮组加载系统实现模型拱和实桥主拱圈的应力等效,还原外包混凝土分环分段浇筑施工,并简化劲性钢骨架与管内混凝土施工。将模型拱外包混凝土应力实测值、ANSYS建模计算得到的模型拱理论值及实桥主拱圈理论值进行对比,结果表明:模型拱和实桥主拱圈外包混凝土在施工阶段的应力变化趋势基本相同,最大绝对误差在2 MPa以内,模型拱应力实测值和理论值也吻合较好,缩尺模型试验方案设计合理。

为学而教:“学研训赛创”五环相扣教学模式建构

做到“职业特性”和“教育本质”的统筹整合对高职院校提质培优至关重要。基于“让兴趣在学习中产生、让思维在研究中激活、让能力在训练中提升、让素质在竞赛中养成、让才干在创新创业中历练”理念,以“支架式教学理论、有意义学习理论、具身认知理论、OBE理论和CBE理论”为理论支撑,以“为学而教”理念为引领,构建了“学研训赛创”五环相扣教学模式,旨在增强学生职业能力并促进其全方位成长。这种教学模式以政府宏观调控机制、校企长效合作机制和校内外资源开发机制为保障机制,在教学设计和实施中遵循以学生为中心原则,开展主体多元、内容多维、方法多样、全过程的教育评价,能够形成富有教育内涵的产业人才培养体系,并深植于产业发展的教育生态系统之中。

基于有限元分析的液压缸密封圈磨损分析

液压缸密封圈磨损原因较多,难以通过肉眼直观观察,很难找到直接原因,提出基于有限元的液压缸密封圈磨损量分析方法。基于液压缸密封圈几何模型、材料模型和物理模型,分析了橡胶密封圈在应力和应变上的非线性,通过定义应变密度函数,构建了液压缸密封圈的有限元模型。根据液压缸活塞的密封结构,分析了液压缸活塞的运动特点,利用Archard模型描述密封圈的外观特征变化,通过计算密封圈接触面上任意一点的磨损深度,分析液压缸密封圈的磨损量。试验结果表明,所研究方法可以对液压缸密封圈的裂纹深度与裂纹扩展角度进行有效分析,两项指标的试验分析与实测结果基本一致,裂纹深度的试验分析误差最大值仅为0.002 mm。方法有助于提高液压缸设计的密封可靠性。

一种支持SoC数字电路老化及寿命的评估方法

使用Spice可靠性仿真技术和高温稳态寿命(HTOL)实验相结合的方法,研究不同的MOSFET器件组成的环振电路在持续翻转状态下,不同应力时间和应力电压对其寿命退化的影响。依据仿真结果和Power-Law模型建立数字电路的寿命预测理论模型。通过HTOL实验验证模型的准确性。结果表明,随着时间的增加,器件的寿命退化率逐渐增加,且随着时间的推移,寿命的变化率越来越小。随着应力电压的增加,器件的寿命退化率更快趋向于稳定。器件退化符合R-D模型,仿真结果与试验结果高度,进一步证实了本模型对SoC数字电路寿命预测的准确性。通过这种组合仿真和实验的方法,可以更加准确地评估数字电路的寿命,为芯片制造过程中的可靠性设计提供参考。

The substorm current wedge and midnight sector partial ring current near substorm onset: A synthesis based on a magnetotail magnetic field geometry model

The Substorm Current Wedge （SCW） occurrence in the late growth and onset phases of substorms was proposed as the current system which disrupts cross-tail current by diverting it to the ionosphere. The closure current for the SCW originally was suggested to be the strong westward auroral electrojet （WEJ）. However, the SCW-WEJ system has no viable generator current. Similarly, the asymmetric or Partial Ring Current （PRC） increases in strength during the growth phase, and is sometimes associated with an enhanced Region 2 field-aligned current （FAC） closing to the ionosphere, but specifics of that closure have been lacking. Here we present a tmifying picture which includes the SCW post- and pre-midnight （AM and PM, respectively） currents and a generator current in the midnight portion of the PRC system, with these currents based upon a model of the nightside magnetotail magnetic geometry. That geometry consists of open north and south lobe regions surrounding a plasmasheet with two types of closed field line regions-stretched lines in the central part of the plasmasheet （SPS） and dipolar lines （DPS） between the low lati- tude boundary layer （LLBL） regions and the SPS. There is also an important plasmasheet transition region （TPS） in which the dipolar field near the plasmapause gradually transforms to stretched lines near the earthward edge of the SPS, and in which the midnight part of the PRC flows. We propose that our proposed near-onset current system consists of a central current which be- comes part of the midnight sector PRC and which is the generator, to which are linked two three-part current systems, one on the dawnside and one on the duskside. The three-part systems consist of up and down FACs closing as Pedersen currents in the iono- sphere. These 3-part systems are not activated until near-onset is reached, because of a lack of ionospheric conductivity in the appropriate locations where the Pedersen current closure occurs. The initial downward FAC of the 3-part dawnside system and the final upward FAC of the 3-part duskside system correspond to the AM and PM current segments, respectively, of the originally proposed SCW.

考虑环间接头影响的盾构隧道纵向变形简化解

为反映外荷载下盾构隧道相邻环间张开和错台,提出考虑环间接头影响的盾构隧道纵向变形简化解答。首先,引入纵向梁-弹簧模型模拟盾构隧道纵向受力变形,其中采用Timoshenko短梁考虑隧道环段变形,引入转动和剪切弹簧分别模拟环间接头转动与错台。其次,构建弹性地基上纵向梁-弹簧模型的有限差分方程,以解决环间接头-管环非连续变形求解问题,并推导外荷载下既有盾构隧道的纵向变形公式。最后,建立新建隧道上穿和下穿引起既有盾构隧道的纵向变形解答,并与新建隧道上、下穿越工程案例及现有理论方法对比验证。研究结果表明:所提方法预测的隧道位移与Timoshenko连续梁模型,协同变形模型和实测数据均具有较好的一致性,但所提方法得到的环间错台略低于Timoshenko梁模型和协同变形模型;所提方法可考虑环间接头的影响,得到的隧道位移曲线呈现既不光滑也不连续的特征,其中环段变形以刚体位移为主,而环间接头主要发生转动和错台;而基于现有理论所得盾构隧道纵向位移均为连续曲线,无法反映环间接头的真实转动与错台位移。

基于粒子群算法的农用轮胎柔性环模型参数辨识方法

轮胎柔性环模型能准确表达轮胎变形,但模型的刚度参数无法直接测定,因此模型刚度参数的辨识成为建模过程中的关键。本文基于轮胎柔性环模型运动学方程,分析农用轮胎固有频率与刚度参数之间的关系,提出基于粒子群算法的柔性环模型刚度参数辨识方法。通过轮胎模态试验获取轮胎固有频率,采用粒子群算法对柔性环模型刚度参数进行辨识。将固有频率的试验值与预测值的平均误差作为评价指标,对比粒子群算法与传统算法及遗传算法辨识结果,结果表明粒子群算法的参数辨识结果精度较高,平均绝对误差为1.67 Hz,平均相对误差为1.66%,相较于遗传算法,平均相对误差降低16.16%,运算时间减少93.19%。通过接地印痕试验获取农用轮胎接地角度,结合辨识所得刚度参数,估算轮胎所受到的垂向力,对比垂向力的试验值与预测值,结果表明粒子群算法的参数辨识结果精度较高,垂向载荷估算平均相对误差为1.97%,相对于遗传算法,平均相对误差降低12.05%。

表面粗糙度对橡塑O形圈往复密封性能的影响

建立三维确定性混合润滑数值仿真模型,该模型采用统一Reynolds方程系统法,耦合了固体力学分析、流体力学分析和接触力学分析;生成非高斯粗糙表面,基于混合润滑模型研究表面粗糙度、自相关长度比值和纹理方向对橡塑O形圈往复密封摩擦力、泄漏率、平均膜厚和接触面积比等密封性能的影响规律。研究表明:低速时随着表面粗糙度的增大,润滑区接触面积比增大,引起摩擦因数增大,平均膜厚先增大后减小,临界接触面积比约为40%;在混合润滑状态时,对于横向纹理粗糙表面,存在合适的自相关长度比值使得密封的摩擦因数和接触面积比最低;当纹理方向θ=π/10时,摩擦因数最小。