Design of Vegetable Pot Seedling Pick‑up Mechanism with Planetary Gear Train

It has been challenging to design seedling pick-up mechanism based on given key points and trajectories,because it involves dimensional synthesis and rod length optimization.In this paper,the dimensional synthesis of seedling pickup mechanism with planetary gear train was studied based on the data of given key points and the trajectory of the endpoint of seedling pick-up mechanism.Given the positions and orientations requirements of the five key points,the study first conducted a dimensional synthesis of the linkage size and center of rotation.The next steps were to select a reasonable solution and optimize the data values based on the ideal seedling trajectory.The link motion was driven by the planetary gear train of the two-stage gear.Four pitch curves of noncircular gears were obtained by calculating and distributing the transmission ratio according to the data.For the pitch curve with two convex points,the tooth profile design method of incomplete noncircular gear was applied.The seedling pick-up mechanism was tested by a virtual prototype and a physical prototype designed with the obtained parameter values.The results were consistent with the theoretical design requirements,confirming that the mechanism meets the expected requirements for picking seedlings up.This paper presents a new design method of vegetable pot seedling pick-up mechanism for an automatic vegetable transplanter.

Design and Experiment of Non-circular Combined Gear Train Beating-up Mechanism

The most important performance of a beating-up mechanism is that the dwelling time of the sley must ensure the completion of the weft insertion. To meet this requirement, a new non-circular combined gear train beating-up mechanism which is composed of two-stage planetary gear trains is proposed. The first-stage is a Fourier planetary gear train and the second-stage is a non-circular planetary gear train. For designing of this new mechanism, the ideal kinematic equations of the sley are constructed first. Then the kinematic model of the first-stage Fourier planetary gear train is established and the reverse solution for the pitch curves of the second-stage non-circular gears is deduced. With a computer-aided design program, the influences of several important parameters on the pitch curves of the second-stage non-circular gears are analyzed, and a set of preferable structural parameters are obtained. Finally, a test bed of this mechanism is developed and the experimental results show that this new beating-up mechanism can achieve the designed dwelling time, namely it can meet the requirements of beating-up process.

Gear Drive Mechanism for Continuous Variable Valve Timing of IC Engines

Continuous variable valve actuating (CVVA) technology provides high potential in achieving high performance, low fuel consumption and pollutant reduction. To get full benefits from (CVVT) various types of mechanisms have been proposed and designed. Some of these mechanisms are in production and have shown significant benefits in improving engine performance. In this investigation a newly designed gear drive mechanism that controls the intake valve opening (IVO) and closing (IVC) angles is studied. The control scheme is based on maximizing the engine brake power (P) and specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at any engine speed by continuously varying the phase between the cam shaft angle and the crank shaft angle. A single-cylinder engine is simulated by the “LOTUS” software to find out the optimum phase angle for maximum power and minimum fuel consumption at a given engine speed. The mechanism is a planetary gear drive designed for precise and continuous control. This mechanism has a simple design and operation conditions which can change the phase angle without limitation.

The Mesh Efficiency of the Planetary Mechanism of 2K-H[D] Style

The mesh efficiency of the planetary mechanism of 2K - H[D] style is discussed. It comes to a new formula. Usually, an approximate value is taken as the mesh efficiency of a planetary mechanism. If the formula is used, the theoretical value of mesh efficiency can be gotten. The theoretical mesh efficiency can help engineers to know the true efficiency of 2K - H[D] style when it runs. The mesh efficiency serves the transmitting efficiency of a planetary mechanism.

Performances of a Balanced Hydraulic Motor with Planetary Gear Train

The current research of a balanced hydraulic motor focuses on the characteristics of the motor with three planet gears.References of a balanced hydraulic motor with more than three planet gears are hardly found.In order to study the characteristics of a balanced hydraulic motor with planetary gear train that includes more than three planet gears,on the basis of analysis of the structure and working principle of a balanced hydraulic motor with planetary gear train,formulas are deduced for calculating the hydraulic motor＇s primary performance indexes such as displacement,unit volume displacement,flowrate fluctuation ratio,etc.Influences of the gears＇ tooth number on displacement and flowrate characteristics are analyzed.In order to guarantee the reliability of sealing capability,the necessary conditions that tooth number of the sun gear and the planet gears should satisfy are discussed.Selecting large unit volume displacement and small displacement fluctuation ratio as designing objectives,a balanced hydraulic motor with three planet gears and a common gear motor are designed under the conditions of same displacement,tooth addendum coefficien and clearance coefficient.By comparing the unit volume displacement and fluctuation ratio of the two motors,it can be seen that the balanced hydraulic motor with planetary gear train has the advantages of smaller fluctuation ratio and larger unit volume displacement.The results provide theoretical basis for choosing gear tooth-number of this kind of hydraulic motor.

椭圆齿轮行星轮系甘薯移栽机构的设计与试验

针对国内甘薯移栽机在移栽过程中难以兼顾水平和小穴口移栽农艺要求以及运动平稳性差等问题,在研究甘薯水平和小穴口移栽农艺要求的基础上,设计并制备一种椭圆齿轮行星轮系甘薯移栽机构。根据运动传递关系对移栽机构进行运动学分析,并构建椭圆齿轮行星轮系甘薯移栽机构的运动学模型。应用人机交互方法对移栽机构结构参数进行分析和优化,并通过移栽机构虚拟样机进行仿真分析。研制甘薯移栽机构样机,进行移栽性能测试试验。结果表明:当作业转速为45.00 r/min时,该移栽机构可实现甘薯苗的水平栽植作业,栽植深度为50.10 mm,水平入土长度为121.30 mm,破土穴口宽度为40.30 mm,满足甘薯水平和小穴口移栽农艺要求;机构测试轨迹显示该机构运行平稳,表明该机构在机械化甘薯移栽作业中具有可行性。该研究可为甘薯移栽机移栽机构的研发提供一定的理论和试验依据。

Optimization design and test of rice plug seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train with incomplete eccentric circular gear and non-circular gears

In order to solve the problem of the high-speed mechanized transplanting of rice plug seedlings,the design requirements of transplanting mechanism for rice plug seedlings were analyzed and a kind of rice plug seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train based on the drive with incomplete eccentric circular gear and non-circular gears was designed innovatively.The laboratory kinematics was examined.The working principle of the transplanting mechanism for rice plug seedlings was studied,kinematics analysis of the transplanting mechanism was carried out and its kinematic model was set up.A human-computer interaction optimization method was used to optimize the parameters of the transplanting mechanism.The computer aided analysis and optimization software of the transplanting mechanism based on Visual Basic 6.0 was developed.Through analyzing the influence of design variables on the optimization objectives of the transplanting mechanism,a set of parameters of the transplanting mechanism which meet the requirements of transplanting trajectory and posture for transplanting rice seedlings were obtained by means of human-computer interaction.The structure of the transplanting mechanism was designed according to this set of parameters,and its virtual prototype and physical prototype were set up and manufactured,respectively.The kinematic simulation test and high-speed photography kinematic test of the transplanting mechanism were conducted to obtain its kinematic performances,such as transplanting trajectory and posture.The results of bench test,simulation analysis and theoretical analysis were almost in agreement,which verified the correctness of the theoretical model and design results of the transplanting mechanism,indicating that the optimized transplanting mechanism can satisfy the requirements of transplanting rice seedlings and be applied in the rice plug seedling transplanter.

Design and experiment of double planet carrier planetary gear flower transplanting mechanism

At present,there is a lack of miniaturized and highly reliable plug seedling transplanting mechanism in flowerpots planting operation,in order to meet the needs of large displacement and high vertical uprightness for flower transplanting,the paper combined the transmission characteristics of the non-circular gear planetary gear train with the swing flexibility of the cam gear and proposed a double planet carrier planetary gear transplanting mechanism.The linkage of the mechanism performs variable speed rotation relative to the first planet carrier,the linkage serves as the second planet carrier,and the transplanting arm performs variable speed swing relative to the linkage.A mathematical model of a single planetary carrier mechanism was first established using the method of open linkage group solution domain synthesis,then established the kinematic equations of the second planet carrier and the transplanting arm.The two parts are combined to form the mathematical solution model of the proposed mechanism.The initial trajectory was planned according to the trajectory requirements of seedlings planting operation,the non-circular gear pitch curve in the first planet carrier was obtained and the length of the first planet carrier is 120 mm.Then using the key points’angular deviation between the initial trajectory and the improved trajectory to obtain the cam parameters which driving the transplant arm,consequently determined the length of the second planet carrier is 69.25 mm and the length of the transplant arm is 112.4 mm.Finally,the prototype of the mechanism was manufactured,and the test verified the correctness of the design method of the double planet carrier planetary gear flower potting transplanting mechanism.The transplanting success rate of this mechanism reached 94.43%,and the plug seedlings planted in flowerpots had high uprightness.This research can provide a reference for the automatic development of research on flower transplanting machines.

Design and experimental study of a planetary gearing mechanism based on twice unequal amplitude transmission ratio

To obtain the optimal seedling taking trajectory,this study proposed the adjustment of the total transmission ratio curve by using human-computer interaction.On the basis of this design method,a planetary non-circular gear mechanism was designed that can realize the twice unequal amplitude transmission ratio to meet the seedling harvesting requirements.The cubic non-uniform B-spline curve was used to fit the twice unequal amplitude transmission ratio curve,and the transmission ratio was freely distributed in two levels.The seedling pick-up mechanism was designed by controlling the seedling taking track and the corresponding attitude directly through the local section of the total transmission ratio,and the gear pitch curve was directly controlled by the transmission ratio.The kinematics model of the seedling pick-up mechanism was also established.Furthermore,the influence of the total transmission ratio on the seedling picking track,the ratio of the wave crest to the amplitude,and the mechanism parameters were discussed.A human-computer interactive optimization software was developed using Matlab,and a set of optimal parameters for the seedling pick-up mechanism was obtained to meet the transplanting requirements.By using the Adams software,the virtual prototype simulation of the seedling pick-up mechanism was completed,and the idle experiment for the track and attitude of the prototype was conducted through high-speed camera technology.The theoretical,simulated,and experimental trajectories were consistent with each other.Results revealed that the success rate of the seedling picking exceeded 90%when the rotation speeds were 40 r/min,50 r/min,and 60 r/min,and the qualified rate of the matrix decreased with the increase in rotating speed.Moreover,the number of damaged plants increased with the increase in rotating speed.The experimental results showed that the seedling pick-up mechanism designed using the proposed method demonstrated a good effect and met the required seedling picking performance.

不等速行星轮系机构混合多位姿综合方法及应用

为使不等速行星轮系机构能够实现精准取放任务,提出一种混合多位姿运动综合方法。将不等速行星轮系机构视为平面2R开链机构与非圆齿轮传动机构的组合,以理想运动轨迹上关键位姿(精确与近似)数据为约束,基于杆长不变条件建立平面2R开链机构混合多位姿运动综合模型,并利用同伦算法求解获得最优结构参数;给出了非圆齿轮传动比计算与分配方法,实现了不等速行星轮系机构的混合多位姿运动综合。将此运动综合方法应用于农业机械领域取苗机构的设计可满足蔬菜穴盘苗精准取放移栽要求,通过虚拟仿真分析、物理样机实验验证了所提方法的正确性。

非圆齿轮-连杆组合式水稻钵苗膜上移栽机构优化设计与试验

为实现机械化一体式水稻钵苗膜上移栽要求,提出非圆齿轮-连杆组合式行星轮系移栽机构,用一套机构实现取苗、送苗、破膜挖穴和栽植4个工序协同配合作业,满足水稻钵苗膜上移栽所需的轨迹与姿态要求。对移栽机构进行理论分析并建立运动学模型,结合优化目标,基于Matlab GUI平台开发了数字可视化优化设计软件,通过人机交互获得1组满足移栽要求的机构参数。根据优化参数对机构开展结构设计与三维建模,通过ADAMS软件完成了虚拟样机仿真验证。研制了水稻钵苗膜上移栽机构物理样机与多功能试验测试台架,开展了移栽机构在空转和带苗状态下运动学特性和工作性能试验,结果表明,理论轨迹、虚拟样机仿真轨迹和物理样机台架试验轨迹在误差允许范围内保持一致,验证了移栽机构设计的一致性与正确性,性能试验结果:取苗成功率为94%,移栽成功率为92.36%,栽植株距变异系数为2.67%,满足移栽作业要求,验证了水稻钵苗膜上移栽机构设计的合理性与可行性。

高接低栽式差速变姿态行星轮系栽植机构设计与试验

针对目前旱地蔬菜钵苗移栽机大多适用于大株距(大于260 mm)移栽且投接苗与栽植位置作业高度差大、移栽性能不佳等问题,本文提出一种高接低栽式差速变姿态行星轮系栽植机构。根据中小株距蔬菜钵苗移栽农艺指导与机构设计要求,解析双行星架差速行星轮系栽植机构工作原理并建立其运动学理论模型;结合所提出优化目标构建目标函数,开发了基于Matlab GUI的栽植机构计算机辅助分析优化设计软件,通过人机交互方式获得1组较优的机构设计参数组合。通过三维建模与装配以及ADAMS软件虚拟仿真,初步验证了机构正确性与合理性。开展栽植机构物理样机试制与试验台架系统开发研究,通过空转试验测试,验证了栽植机构实际作业轨迹、姿态与虚拟仿真及理论设计的一致性;开展栽植机构接苗与栽植性能试验,试验结果表明,栽植机构在接苗与栽植各项试验指标均较为优秀,能够满足栽植机构预期设计要求与旱地移栽机械标准,验证了该机构的可行性与实用性。

青菜高密度移栽机植苗机构的设计与试验

目前国内移栽机尚无成熟的适用于青菜等多行密植蔬菜移栽的植苗机构;针对小株距小行距、高效率的密植移栽要求,设计了一种非圆齿轮行星轮系八行同步植苗机构,并进行了运动学仿真和田间移栽试验。对非圆齿轮行星轮系进行了运动学建模与分析,开发了植苗机构辅助分析与优化设计软件;分析了不同机构参数对植苗轨迹姿态的影响,并通过人机交互的方式得到一组满足青菜小株距移栽要求的机构参数;建立了八行同步植苗机构的三维模型,利用虚拟样机仿真技术绘制出仿真轨迹,并与理论轨迹进行对比,以验证植苗机构三维设计的正确性;开展了田间移栽试验,以验证该机构的可行性和实用性。试验结果表明:在作业转速为15r/min、前进速度为55mm/s的情况下,八行植苗机构的作业株距和行距均为110mm,平均植苗成功率为93.9%,移栽密度超过70株/m2,试验移栽效率为240株/min,表明该机构在机械化密植移栽作业中有较高的应用价值。该研究为高密度移栽机植苗机构的研发提供了理论和试验依据,促进了密植型蔬菜钵苗机械化移栽的进程,为密植移栽机的进一步研究提供技术支持和参考。

重载行星轮系安装误差对系统均载性能的影响

行星轮安装误差的存在会导致行星轮系产生不均载问题,进而会影响减速器的传动性能和寿命。以往的研究未明确定义不同角度下的安装误差对系统均载性能的影响,并且关于多行星轮对系统均载影响的研究(在不同安装误差和不同输入功率下)也较少。为此,研究了实际应用中行星轮系安装误差对系统均载性能的影响。首先,以重载四行星轮系为研究对象,建立了行星轮径向和切向安装误差的综合误差表达形式;然后,基于轮系的传动模型,分析了单行星轮不同安装误差角和误差数值对系统均载的影响;最后,在单行星轮的基础上分析了不同工况和误差配置下多行星轮对系统均载的影响。研究结果表明:行星轮的切向安装误差对系统均载影响最大,径向安装误差对系统均载影响最小,当单行星轮安装误差数值为60μm,安装误差角θ从径向往切向方向靠近时,行星系统的均载系数增大了9.6%;误差绝对值越大,均载系数越大,当单行星轮安装误差数值从-30μm到-60μm时,系统的均载系数增大了4.6%;多行星轮存在切向安装误差对系统均载的影响可以用有效误差来衡量;齿轮承载范围内,随着输入功率的增大,安装误差对系统均载的影响逐渐减小。

行星轮系力学超材料及其连续可调力学性能

针对高可靠性复杂工况需求的连续可调力学特性,分别研究基于双层行星轮系和拉式行星轮系的连续刚度可调及振动传递率可调的力学超材料;应用空间梁单元建立弯曲梁的变径向载荷下刚度连续可调理论力学模型及模态分析模型,研究基于行星轮系的超材料刚度连续可调理论及模态振型特点,为基于行星轮系连续刚度可调及振动传递率可调的力学超材料提供理论支撑;建立基于双层行星轮系和拉式行星轮系单胞及2×2胞的力学超材料有限元模型,分别计算分析压缩弹性模量、剪切模量和振动传递率与控制变量的作用关系。研究结果表明:基于双层行星轮系和拉式行星轮系力学超材料的压缩弹性模量和剪切模量分别具有9~15倍和1~2.5倍连续可调范围,其振动传递率亦可通过控制变量进行调控;理论计算和仿真分析结果一致性较好。

某空间机构内啮合复合行星齿轮传动系统设计与优化研究

齿轮传动系统是空间站等空间机构开展设备安装与维修、舱段转位与对接等任务的核心机械装置。空间机构齿轮传动系统需满足大扭矩、高效率、长寿命、轻量化等需求,对系统设计和优化方法提出了更高要求。针对某空间机构传动系统的设计需求,提出了“两级内啮合齿轮+三级2K-H行星齿轮”的复合行星齿轮传动系统构型方案,完成了传动系统各级齿轮的结构设计,并提出了基于多准则决策的空间机构齿轮传动系统多目标优化模型,实现多达49个结构参数的快速求解。相比优化前的传动设计方案,优化后的齿轮传动系统减重5.02%,安全系数提升8.01%,为新一代空间机械臂关节等空间机构装备研发提供了支撑。

裂纹故障下的行星轮系唯象建模及其故障诊断

故障机制是故障诊断的基础,动态建模是研究故障机制的重要手段。现有的行星轮系动态建模主要包括动力学建模和唯象建模两方面。动力学建模难度大,且更多关注单个零部件的动力学特性;唯象建模则从宏观层面对系统特性进行描述。因此,建立行星轮系振动唯象模型,对行星轮系故障机制研究大有裨益。齿根裂纹是行星轮系中常见的故障类型之一。为此,建立了行星轮系正常与裂纹故障下的振动唯象模型,基于冲击动力学理论,计算了轮齿进入啮合时的啮合冲击力及其对动载因数的影响;在此基础上,建立了考虑啮合冲击影响的行星轮系振动唯象模型,得到了正常、太阳轮裂纹、行星轮裂纹等不同健康状态下的振动唯象模型响应;采用均方根、峭度等统计指标对模型响应进行分析,对比了各项统计指标在反映裂纹故障状态时的敏感性。结果表明,峭度可以作为有效反映行星轮系裂纹故障的指标之一。

基于自注意机制胶囊网络的行星齿轮箱故障诊断

针对实际工程中行星齿轮箱故障数据有限、诊断准确率不高的问题,提出一种基于自注意机制胶囊网络的故障诊断方法。直接将采集到的行星齿轮箱振动信号作为输入,用首层宽卷积层提取浅层特征,过滤输入中的高频噪声;引入自注意机制关注信号关键特征;再次将所提特征输入胶囊层,进一步提取特征并实现故障分类;采用行星齿轮箱实验平台数据对所提方法进行实验验证。实验结果表明:在样本数量有限的情况下,所提方法仍能取得不错的诊断准确率。

数学建模在水稻插秧机作业优化中的应用

为了降低插秧机的作业故障次数、提升插秧效率和插秧质量,对数学建模在水稻插秧机作业优化中的应用进行了研究。为了有效提升作业效率和作业质量,分插机构的传动部件改进为非圆齿轮行星系,并针对传动装置建立数学模型并分析。为了验证水稻插秧机的结构是否合理,对其进行了仿真试验,结果表明:水稻插秧机的结构合理,可将其应用于实际生产。

旋转式水稻钵苗移栽机构的机理分析与参数优化

通过分析国内外水稻钵苗移栽机的缺点与不足,根据水稻钵苗移栽机的特征与优点,提出一种以椭圆-不完全非圆齿轮为传动机构的旋转式水稻钵苗移栽机构,使水稻移栽达到高产高效率的移栽水平。首先,在分析该移栽机构工作原理的基础上,建立了椭圆-不完全非圆齿轮机构的运动学模型。然后基于Visual Basic 6.0可视化编程软件,开发了椭圆-不完全非圆齿轮行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构的辅助分析与优化软件。最后,通过分析各参数对移栽轨迹的影响,利用人机交互的优化方法,得到了一组较优的符合水稻钵苗移栽要求的结构参数,该研究可为旋转式水稻钵苗移栽机构的设计提供参考。