Resource Allocation for Network Security Risk Assessment：A Non-Cooperative Differential Game Based Approach

In this paper, we propose a non-cooperative differential game theory based resource allocation approach for the network security risk assessment. For the risk assessment, the resource will be used for risk assess, including response cost and response negative cost. The whole assessment process is considered as a differential game for optimal resource control. The proposed scheme can be obtained through the Nash Equilibrium. It is proved that the game theory based algorithm is applicable and the optimal resource level can be achieved based on the proposed algorithm.

Risk Allocation and Mitigation in Nigeria’s Privatisation Programme—A Case Study of Electric Power Sector Privatisation

Under the Nigerian privatisation programme, the issues of risk allocation and mitigation were never always properly handled. Historically, there had always been a tendency to dump all the project risks on the private sector partner without properly evaluating whether it was capable of managing them. Extant literature has shown that where the comparative advantages of parties to handle risks are not properly taken into consideration, the allocation of risk is unbalanced and the tendency for the project to run into difficulties and/or fail increases. This paper looks at the electric power sector privatisation, distilling how key project risks were handled under the exercise. This should be a good pointer as to whether the privatisation exercise would be a success in the long run.

Resource Allocation Based on SFLA Algorithm for D2D Multicast Communications

Multicast device-to-device(D2D)communication technology is considered as one of the new technologies in the fifth generation(5G)networks that directly addresses the need for content sharing among internet users.In fact,when direct communication is available between devices,the spectral efficiency is improved by reusing the licensed cellular spectrum.The current studies show that D2D communication increases network capacity and reduces latency.In order to achieve the alternate capabilities,coordination is required to implement interference management.We considered subcarrier allocation for the uplink,in addition to the power control that takes place on the underlay network.The completed data rate in single multicast communication is significantly reduced and limited by nodes with lower channel quality.In this paper,we used Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm(SFLA)for resource allocation(RA)in D2D multicast communications.We compared the results of the SFLA algorithm with the Firefly Algorithm(FA),Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO);in terms of D2D user throughput,Cellular User(CU)throughput,network average throughput,network interference and signal interference noise ratio(SINR)target.The simulation results show that SFLA clearly outperforms other algorithms in terms of data rate under the high pressure of infeasibility.

基于风险优化分配的ARAIM保护级计算方法

先进接收机自主完好性监测(ARAIM)技术是一种成本低、自主性强的完好性监测方法。针对基础ARAIM算法将完好性风险和连续性风险采用平均分配导致计算的保护级数值过于保守的问题,文章提出一种基于风险优化分配的保护级计算方法。该方法在理论层面对保护级计算方程进行推导,将最大值最小化问题转化为非线性约束优化问题,实现完好性风险和连续性风险的合理分配,从而提高ARAIM的可用性。基于测站数据的MATLAB的fmincon非线性规划求解器求解的结果表明,BDS+GPS系统的水平保护级(HPL)和垂直保护级(VPL)的平均优化率为50.61%和46.88%。基于软件接收机的ARAIM算法平台使用BDS和GPS历书的仿真实验结果表明,BDS+GPS系统的ARAIM全球可用性大于99.5%的覆盖范围由85.53%增加到了97.37%,提升了11.84%。

基于HEC-RAS的千河流域宝鸡段溃坝洪水风险评估

水库是大量蓄水的水利工程,对生产生活提供便利,但同时溃坝洪水一般具有极高伤害性,进行洪水溃坝风险评估对保障下游居民安全有重要意义.以千河流域宝鸡段的冯家山水库为例,利用HEC-RAS模型,模拟了溃坝洪水淹没进程,并对淹没范围和流速分布进行分析.洪水演进数据结合灾害系统理论构建风险评估模型,从危险性、易损性角度,通过GIS方法实现风险评估并分为五个等级.结果表明:①100年一遇洪水淹没总面积为274.581km^(2),危险水深占全部水深93%,河道最高流速可达到14.34m/s.②洪水危险性自西向东逐渐降低,整体危险性中度偏下.③易损性在河道附近两侧较低,距离河道较远的部分易损性提高,整体是处于中低水平.④溃坝洪水风险水平中等,对淹没区各乡镇风险划分,危险区明显集中,主要在贾村镇、长青镇、千河镇以及揉谷镇.研究成果对千河流域宝鸡段下游洪水避难预警系统建设和人口转移有一定参考意义.

Dynamic spectrum allocations in multi-cells and intra-cell of cognitive network to enhance system performance

In this study, we propose new dynamic spectrum allocations in multi-cells and intra-cell of cognitive network to enhance system performance in terms of decreasing probability of interruption and spectrum handoff of communication services in a cognitive system. The inter-cells of the spectrum allocation mechanism is designed to share the risk of vacating spectrum caused by licensed incumbents re-occupying the spectrum and minimize probability of service interruption in the cognitive network. This mechanism also can guarantee fairness among multi-cells. The intra-cell of the proposed spectrum allocation is based on a service data hierarchical model and establishes a mapping mechanism between layered data and the spectrum. It can reduce probability of spectrum handoff. Finally, simulation results are given and show that the new mechanism can reduce service interruption ratio and the probability of spectrum handoff caused by licensed incumbents with re-occupying the spectrum.

基于HEC-RAS的山洪危险性评价

基于HEC-RAS模型,选取重现期为5年一遇、20年一遇和50年一遇的降雨工况进行水动力特征模拟,结果表明:鹿坝沟平均水深、最大水深、平均流速、最大流速和淹没面积随重现期的增加而增大;同时利用Arcgis叠加分析洪水的流速与水深进行危险性分析研究。结果表明:鹿坝沟危险性总面积随重现期的增加而增大,并基于HEC-RAS的洪水淹没模拟分析具有较高的精确性,研究成果可为该流域内受到洪水灾害影响人员疏散方案的制定提供一定参考。

基于动态粒子群算法的ARAIM可用性优化方法

卫星导航的完好性监测技术对保障航空领域的导航安全至关重要。针对高级接收机自主完好性监测算法将完好性风险概率和连续性风险概率平均分配给所有可见卫星,导致垂直保护级较为保守,进而造成可用性降低的问题,本文提出了一种基于动态粒子群算法(dynamic particle swarm optimization,DPSO)的ARAIM可用性优化方法。通过优化风险概率分配过程,在完好性指标不变的情况下,可有效降低垂直保护级,提高了ARAIM算法的可用性。选取全球均匀分布的6个MGEX(multi-GNSS experiment)测站对所提方法进行验证,并分析了算法的全球可用性。同时,为验证该方法的有效性,在沈阳法库通航机场采集飞机全飞行阶段的卫星导航试验数据,对算法进行验证。静态数据与动态数据试验结果表明:采用基于DPSO算法的分配策略,降低了垂直保护级,提高了ARAIM可用性,全球范围内ARAIM可用性大于99.5%的覆盖比率由98.2%增加到99.7%。

A Brief Analysis on Risk allocation for Public-Private Partnership Projects in China

Public-Private Partnership （PPP） financing modalily has the ability of alleviating the budgetary pressure to the government. fulfilling the need of infrastructure development, and improving the efficiency of investment and operation. However, the negotiations between the government and the investors are time-consuming and costly, due to the perspective differences in risk allocation and revenue distribution. Disputes often arise during concession period because of changes in various risks or non-performance of its obligalions, especially when one sector was forced to accept the requirements by the other as a result of the unequal status, the project urgency or other reasons. Only a few PPP projects in China could perform successfully. There is therefore a need to develop an equitable risk allocation mechanism for the delivery of PPP projects in China so as to improve the efficiency of private investment in infrastructure development.

Risks and new transformations of PPP contracts

This paper tries to demonstrate that the principle of the risk allocation based on the balance is the most effective way to resolve the risk allocation problems of public-private partnership （PPP） contracts and presents suggestions how to carry out this principle. For PPP projects, it is necessary to set up a workable and commercially viable risk sharing mechanism to satisfy the different interests and the objectives of both the public sector and the private sector. An effective risk allocation mechanism is not only an important part in preparing project documents, but also an essential part in the success of PPP contracts. Risk allocation can be represented in a risk matrix. The more balanced the risk allocation is, the lower the risk degree of PPP contracts is. Therefore, the most effective risk allocation of PPP contracts is that the public sector and the private sector take part in risk management together in all the stages of the project and allocate the balanced risks. The outcomes of this paper can be used by both the public sector and the private sector to make a good choice of the PPP contract form.

Capital allocation for cash-subadditive risk measures:From BSDEs toBSVIEs

In the context of risk measures,the capital allocation problem is widely studied in the literature where different approaches have been developed,also in connection with cooperative game theory and systemic risk.Although static capital allocation rules have been extensively studied in the recent years,only few works deal with dynamic capital allocations and its relation with BSDEs.Moreover,all those works only examine the case of an underneath risk measure satisfying cash-additivity and,moreover,a large part of them focuses on the specific case of the gradient allocation where Gateaux differentiability is assumed.The main goal of this paper is,instead,to study general dynamic capital allocations associated to cash-subadditive risk measures,generalizing the approaches already existing in the literature and motivated by the presence of(ambiguity on)interest rates.Starting from an axiomatic approach,we then focus on the case where the underlying risk measures are induced by BSDEs whose drivers depend also on the yvariable.In this setting,we surprisingly find that the corresponding capital allocation rules solve special kinds of Backward Stochastic Volterra Integral Equations(BSVIEs).

Risk Assessment and Defense Resource Allocation of Cyber-physical Distribution Systems Under Denial-of-service Attacks

With the help of advanced information technology,real-time monitoring and control levels of cyber-physical distribution systems(CPDS)have been significantly improved.However due to the deep integration of cyber and physical systems,attackers could still threaten the stable operation of CPDS by launching cyber-attacks,such as denial-of-service(DoS)attacks.Thus,it is necessary to study the CPDS risk assessment and defense resource allocation methods under DoS attacks.This paper analyzes the impact of DoS attacks on the physical system based on the CPDS fault self-healing control.Then,considering attacker and defender strategies and attack damage,a CPDS risk assessment framework is established.Furthermore,risk assessment and defense resource allocation methods,based on the Stackelberg dynamic game model,are proposed under conditions in which the cyber and physical systems are launched simultaneously.Finally,a simulation based on an actual CPDS is performed,and the calculation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.

Overseas operations and corporate financial asset allocation

Using data on Chinese listed companies for 2008-2018,we find that firms participating in overseas operations,proxied by overseas subsidiaries,generally have higher financial asset allocations than other firms.At the micro level,the effects are more pronounced when the parent company faces serious financing constraints,has no overseas returned executives,has a business that is inconsistent with that of its overseas subsidiaries and has overseas subsidiaries that experience losses.At the macro level,the effects are more pronounced when overseas operations are in OECD and Belt and Road countries,or in areas with higher economic or political risks and greater investment opportunities.Financial asset allocation helps mitigate cash flow fluctuations and operational risks for multinational firms.This study advances research on the determinants of financial asset allocation and has implications relevant to the Chinese government’s“Go Global”and Belt and Road strategies and its efforts to realize a developed financial sector to service the Chinese economy.

WORST SUBCARRIER AVOIDING WATER-FILLING SUBCARRIER ALLOCATION SCHEME FOR OFDM-BASED CRN

Efficient and reliable subcarrier power joint allocation is served as a promising problem in cognitive OFDM-based Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN). This paper focuses on optimal subcarrier allocation for OFDM-based CRN. We mainly propose subcarrier allocation scheme denoted as Worst Subcarrier Avoiding Water-filling (WSAW), which is based on Rate Adaptive (RA) criterion and three constraints are considered in CRN. The algorithm divides the assignment procedure into two phases. The first phase is an initial subcarrier allocation based on the idea of avoiding selecting the worst subcarrier in order to maximize the transmission rate; while the second phase is an iterative adjustment process which is realized by swapping pairs of subcarriers between arbitrary users. The proposed scheme could assign subcarriers in accordance with channel coherence time. Hence, real time subcarrier allocation could be implemented. Simulation results show that, comparing with the similar existing algorithms, the proposed scheme could achieve larger capacity and a near-optimal BER performance.

Research on The Factors Affecting Profit Allocation Based on Virtual Supply Chain

Traditional profit allocation solutions cannot be effectively applied to the practice for the limitations in their premises and principles. This paper based on the practical processes of virtual supply chain performs analysis on major factors relative to cost and risk which effect the profit allocation among the partners, and then proposes the quantitative relations between the factors and profit allocation. The relations can serve as a base for further research on extensive profit allocation model.

基于HEC-RAS的溃坝洪水及风险分析研究——以印度尼西亚淡水湖水库为例

开展溃坝洪水风险研究是有效的防灾减灾措施之一,可科学量化洪水淹没范围、水深、流速等要素的空间分布特征。本文以印度尼西亚中苏拉威西省淡水湖水库为例,基于HEC-RAS构建二维非恒定流模型,设计三种历时的漫顶溃坝工况,模拟溃坝洪水发展过程,评估溃坝风险水平及其可能引起的生命损失。溃坝洪水及其风险研究对制定应急预案、提高工程管理水平具有重要指导意义。

金融科技助力企业提升ESG表现:理论机制和经验证据

金融科技的快速发展为企业和投资者带来了前所未有的发展机遇和挑战,对企业的ESG表现又将产生怎样的影响?选取沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,运用2011—2020年的数据,研究金融科技对企业ESG表现的影响及作用渠道。结果显示,金融科技能够显著地提升企业ESG表现,且经过内生性处理、替换变量和剔除特定样本等稳健性检验后该结论仍然可靠。作用渠道检验发现,金融科技通过提高信贷资源配置效率和风险承担能力对企业ESG表现起到积极影响,并通过抑制盈余管理行为促进企业开展ESG实践。异质性分析发现,金融科技对非国有企业和小规模企业的ESG表现影响作用明显,对金融发展水平较高和金融监管较严地区的企业ESG表现也有显著促进作用。另外,企业良好的ESG表现,能够实现资源的有效利用、建立良好的企业形象及增强利益相关方的信任,进而实现高质量发展。研究结果证实了金融科技与企业ESG表现之间的正向关系,为推进中国ESG体系建设和完善激励相容的政策提供了重要的决策依据。

双能X射线吸收法诊断青海地区女性绝经后类风湿性关节炎患者骨质疏松症及其危险因素分析

目的:探讨双能X射线吸收法(DXA)诊断青海地区女性绝经后类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者发生骨质疏松症(OP)的危险因素。方法:选取2022年5月至2023年4月青海省中医院收治的200例绝经后女性RA患者,所有患者入院后均进行骨密度(BMD)检测,采用DXA测量腰椎L1~L4、腰整体、大转子、Ward's三角区、整体、前臂整体等部位。根据BMD检测结果,将患者各部位BMD的T值≤-2.5 SD纳入OP组(121例),BMD的T值>-2.5 SD纳入非OP组(79例)。对比分析两组RA患者不同部位的BMD的T值;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分析BMD的T值诊断OP效能;采用logistic回归法分析青海地区绝经后RA患者发生OP的危险因素。结果:OP组L1、L2、L3、L4、腰整体、大转子、Ward's三角区、整体及前臂整体BMD的T值均明显低于非OP组。ROC曲线分析中,L1、L2、L3、L4、腰整体、大转子、Ward's三角区、整体及前臂整体BMD的T值诊断OP的灵敏度分别为96.20%、95.22%、90.16%、96.03%、92.01%、89.36%、99.26%、90.02%和96.03%,特异度分别为81.00%、82.19%、85.22%、83.06%、83.06%、90.22%、80.06%、86.23%和83.09%,AUC分别为0.908、0.905、0.896、0.906、0.903、0.879、0.918、0.901和0.906。logistic回归分析中,高龄、病程长、28个关节的风湿活动度评分(DAS28)、血沉及补充钙剂等均为青海地区绝经后女性RA患者发生OP的危险因素。结论:DXA检测RA发生OP患者BMD可作为OP评估的“金标准”,且影响青海地区绝经后女性RA患者发生OP的危险因素较多,临床应结合相关因素制定合理的措施,以降低OP的发生率。

人口流动对家庭风险金融资产配置的影响——基于CHFS数据的实证研究

改革开放以来,中国经历了大规模的人口迁移,形成了庞大的流动人口群体,对经济社会各个领域产生了深刻的影响,也在一定程度上改变了居民的家庭金融资产配置结构。利用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2017和2019年两期数据,实证分析了人口流动对家庭风险金融资产配置的影响。研究发现:人口流动对家庭风险金融资产配置具有显著的正向促进效应,在使用工具变量法处理内生性问题和一系列稳健性检验之后结论依然成立。进一步研究发现,人口流动对50岁以上的户主家庭和城市居民家庭的风险金融资产配置促进作用更大;同时,人口流动通过影响家庭的社会互动和风险偏好,进而提升家庭的风险金融资产配置水平。鉴于已有文献鲜有从人口流动视角研究家庭风险金融资产配置问题,研究结论丰富了相关文献,同时也为政府相关部门优化人口流动机制、拓宽居民投资渠道提供了理论依据。

转型金融:内涵、框架与未来展望

随着应对气候变化和经济低碳转型成为全球共识,各国纷纷提出碳排放控制目标以及净零时间表。传统的绿色金融无法满足碳密集型企业的转型需求,导致各国距离实现净零目标存在巨大的资金缺口,转型金融应运而生,并逐渐受到人们的广泛关注。从转型金融的概念出发,阐述转型金融在优化资源配置和管理转型风险方面的功能作用,并结合国际市场实践明确转型金融的发展前景。通过阐释转型金融发展的逻辑机理,对比分析国际上主流的转型融资方法,形成转型金融发展框架的五大核心要素。为此,今后应加强顶层政策体系的协同与约束力度、统一和完善转型金融的界定标准,并积极开展转型金融相关的理论创新。