For the first time,this paper uses the operation data of 575 online P2P lending platforms to test whether investors have a strong risk awareness of online lending products.It is found that investors’behavior shows a ...For the first time,this paper uses the operation data of 575 online P2P lending platforms to test whether investors have a strong risk awareness of online lending products.It is found that investors’behavior shows a certain risk awareness,both for the individual risk of specific platforms and for the overall market risk of the industry.On the one hand,raising interest rates and shortening the term does attract more investment,but for potentially problematic platforms,the effect of attracting investment is significantly worse,with excessive interest rates on the platforms even causing investors to invest less.On the other hand,when there are more online lending platforms in the market,investors will behave more cautiously.展开更多
This paper introduces an AC stochastic optimal power flow(SOPF)for the flexibility management of electric vehicle(EV)charging pools in distribution networks under uncertainty.The AC SOPF considers discrete utility fun...This paper introduces an AC stochastic optimal power flow(SOPF)for the flexibility management of electric vehicle(EV)charging pools in distribution networks under uncertainty.The AC SOPF considers discrete utility functions from charging pools as a compensation mechanism for eventual energy not served to their charging tasks.An application of the AC SOPF is described where a distribution system operator(DSO)requires flexibility to each charging pool in a day-ahead time frame,minimizing the cost for flexibility while guaranteeing technical limits.Flexibility areas are defined for each charging pool and calculated as a function of a risk parameter involving the uncertainty of the solution.Results show that all players can benefit from this approach,i.e.,the DSO obtains a riskaware solution,while charging pools/tasks perceive a reduction in the total energy payment due to flexibility services.展开更多
Active distribution grids cause bi-directional power flow between transmission system(TS)and distribution system(DS),which not only affects the optimal cost but also the secure operation of the power system.This paper...Active distribution grids cause bi-directional power flow between transmission system(TS)and distribution system(DS),which not only affects the optimal cost but also the secure operation of the power system.This paper proposes a hybrid coordination method to solve the risk-aware distributed optimal power flow(RA-DOPF)problem in coordinated TS and DS.For operation risk evaluation,the weather-based contingencies are considered in both TS and DS.A hybrid coordination method is developed that entails analytical target cascading(ATC)and Benders decomposition(BD).Moreover,the risk-aware optimal power flow(RAOPF)in TS and risk-based security-constrained optimal power flow in DS have been performed using the BD method considering basic optimal power flow as a master problem,whereas N-1 and N-2 contingencies are considered as sub-problems.Different case studies are performed using the IEEE 30-bus system with generation reserves as a TS and a 13-bus system as a DS.The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.展开更多
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible blindness, and awareness of this disease is important in the prevention of blindness. However, lack of public awareness of AMD was...Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible blindness, and awareness of this disease is important in the prevention of blindness. However, lack of public awareness of AMD was sbown in previous studies, and there was no report of AMD awareness in the Mainland of China. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the awareness of AMD and its risk factors among Beijing residents in China. Methods: A cross-sectional, computer-assisted, telephone investigation was conducted to measure the awareness of AMD among Beijing residents. All the contacts of potential respondents were randomly generated by computer. Only those above 18 years of age and willing to participate in the study were included. The questionnaire for the study was moditied from the AMD Alliance International Global Report. Pearson's Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify the factors that affected the knowledge of AMD. Results: Among 385 Beijing residents who agreed to participale, the awareness of AMD was 6.8%, far below than that of cataract and glaucoma. Participants who were above 30 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 6.17, confidence interval [el] 1.44-26.57), with experience of health-related work (OR 8.11, CI3.25-20.27), and whose relatives/friends or themselves suffering from AMD (OR 32.18, CI11.29-91.68) had better AMD awareness. Among those familiar with AMD, only 35% of them identified smoking as a risk factor, and only 23.1% of the residents believed that smoking could lead to blindness. Conclusions: The sample of Chinese population had limited knowledge of AMD. Educational programs need to be carried out to raise public awareness of AMD.展开更多
To investigate why people live in areas at high risk of floods, a qualitative case study was carried out in the areas around Akuressa, in southwest Sri Lanka. Data collection consisted mainly of semistructured intervi...To investigate why people live in areas at high risk of floods, a qualitative case study was carried out in the areas around Akuressa, in southwest Sri Lanka. Data collection consisted mainly of semistructured interviews with local residents and government officials. The purpose was to study why people live in areas at high risk of floods, by looking beyond the purely physical aspects of living with hazards and exploring the underlying social factors. Four main factors were identified: an overall good living situation; a sense of place; difficulties relocating; and being well-adapted to the situation. The analysis also examined whether government officials shared the views of local residents. The findings highlighted both areas of consensus and discrepancies related to risk awareness, and the efficiency of risk reduction measures that had been implemented by the government. The case study identified and explored underlying social factors, such as risk normalization, risk trade-offs, and push-and-pull processes, which seem to influence the decision to live in a high-risk area.展开更多
文摘For the first time,this paper uses the operation data of 575 online P2P lending platforms to test whether investors have a strong risk awareness of online lending products.It is found that investors’behavior shows a certain risk awareness,both for the individual risk of specific platforms and for the overall market risk of the industry.On the one hand,raising interest rates and shortening the term does attract more investment,but for potentially problematic platforms,the effect of attracting investment is significantly worse,with excessive interest rates on the platforms even causing investors to invest less.On the other hand,when there are more online lending platforms in the market,investors will behave more cautiously.
基金financially supported by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency(RVO)–DEI+project 120037“Het Indi?terrein:Een slimme buurtbatterij in de oude weverij”。
文摘This paper introduces an AC stochastic optimal power flow(SOPF)for the flexibility management of electric vehicle(EV)charging pools in distribution networks under uncertainty.The AC SOPF considers discrete utility functions from charging pools as a compensation mechanism for eventual energy not served to their charging tasks.An application of the AC SOPF is described where a distribution system operator(DSO)requires flexibility to each charging pool in a day-ahead time frame,minimizing the cost for flexibility while guaranteeing technical limits.Flexibility areas are defined for each charging pool and calculated as a function of a risk parameter involving the uncertainty of the solution.Results show that all players can benefit from this approach,i.e.,the DSO obtains a riskaware solution,while charging pools/tasks perceive a reduction in the total energy payment due to flexibility services.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFB0900100)。
文摘Active distribution grids cause bi-directional power flow between transmission system(TS)and distribution system(DS),which not only affects the optimal cost but also the secure operation of the power system.This paper proposes a hybrid coordination method to solve the risk-aware distributed optimal power flow(RA-DOPF)problem in coordinated TS and DS.For operation risk evaluation,the weather-based contingencies are considered in both TS and DS.A hybrid coordination method is developed that entails analytical target cascading(ATC)and Benders decomposition(BD).Moreover,the risk-aware optimal power flow(RAOPF)in TS and risk-based security-constrained optimal power flow in DS have been performed using the BD method considering basic optimal power flow as a master problem,whereas N-1 and N-2 contingencies are considered as sub-problems.Different case studies are performed using the IEEE 30-bus system with generation reserves as a TS and a 13-bus system as a DS.The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
文摘Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible blindness, and awareness of this disease is important in the prevention of blindness. However, lack of public awareness of AMD was sbown in previous studies, and there was no report of AMD awareness in the Mainland of China. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the awareness of AMD and its risk factors among Beijing residents in China. Methods: A cross-sectional, computer-assisted, telephone investigation was conducted to measure the awareness of AMD among Beijing residents. All the contacts of potential respondents were randomly generated by computer. Only those above 18 years of age and willing to participate in the study were included. The questionnaire for the study was moditied from the AMD Alliance International Global Report. Pearson's Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify the factors that affected the knowledge of AMD. Results: Among 385 Beijing residents who agreed to participale, the awareness of AMD was 6.8%, far below than that of cataract and glaucoma. Participants who were above 30 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 6.17, confidence interval [el] 1.44-26.57), with experience of health-related work (OR 8.11, CI3.25-20.27), and whose relatives/friends or themselves suffering from AMD (OR 32.18, CI11.29-91.68) had better AMD awareness. Among those familiar with AMD, only 35% of them identified smoking as a risk factor, and only 23.1% of the residents believed that smoking could lead to blindness. Conclusions: The sample of Chinese population had limited knowledge of AMD. Educational programs need to be carried out to raise public awareness of AMD.
文摘To investigate why people live in areas at high risk of floods, a qualitative case study was carried out in the areas around Akuressa, in southwest Sri Lanka. Data collection consisted mainly of semistructured interviews with local residents and government officials. The purpose was to study why people live in areas at high risk of floods, by looking beyond the purely physical aspects of living with hazards and exploring the underlying social factors. Four main factors were identified: an overall good living situation; a sense of place; difficulties relocating; and being well-adapted to the situation. The analysis also examined whether government officials shared the views of local residents. The findings highlighted both areas of consensus and discrepancies related to risk awareness, and the efficiency of risk reduction measures that had been implemented by the government. The case study identified and explored underlying social factors, such as risk normalization, risk trade-offs, and push-and-pull processes, which seem to influence the decision to live in a high-risk area.