AHP-FCE Based Physical Exercise Risk Evaluation Model

Exercise is a highly proven and beneficial health promotion modality, But it is very difficult to determine whether the person during exercise is safe. A unique and comprehensive approach is proposed to perform physical exercise risk evaluation （PERE）, in which personalized factors are deterrrdned basing on grey correlation analysis, analytic hierarchy process （AHP） method is used to structure the large numbers of risk factors, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation （FCE） is applied to fuzzify the factors and compute the exercise risk level. Finally, an actual calculation example is used to verify the feasibility of the method.

The Empirical Estimation of the Influence of Credit Risk Determinants in Baltic States＇ Banking Sector

There have been investigated empirically the influence of macroeconomic and real estate market variables on the level of non-performing loans in the Baltic States. A secondary goal was to analyze the effect of constant loan portfolio growth on the level of non-performing loans in mentioned countries and to define the type of influence of the variables （i.e., long-term or short-term）. The research indicates that all variables except the growth rate of the real estate market （RRE） have long-term influence on the level of non-performing loans. RRE has short-term influence and variables influence is associated with the development of another variables. The influence of RRE played an important role, but it was not as crucial as it has been previously assumed. If a respective credit risk management is applied, the influence of RRE is to be eliminated. The research results indicate that the most significant reason for the growth of non-performing loans for the Baltic States presented by rapid growth of aggregated loan portfolio and unemployment rate. The increasing influence of rapid loan portfolio growth proves the assumption that banks＇ credit risk management policies underestimated the changes in the macroeconomic variables during the analyzed period. The changes in the real GDP had initial influence on the economic situation deterioration for Baltic States.

Genetic polymorphism of CYP2A6 is one of the potential factors determining tobacco-related cancer risk

While we studied pharmacokinetics of SM-12502 which was under development as an anti-PAF agent, we found three subjects showing a slow metabolic phenotype in its pharmacokinetics. Analyzing the genes for CYP2A6 from the three subjects, we discovered that the three subjects possessed the whole CYP2A6 gene deletion (CYP2A6*4C), a novel genetic polymorphism of the CYP2A6 gene. Genetically engineered Salmonella YG7108 cells expressing human CYP2A6 or CYP2E1 together with the NADPH-CYP reductase were established in our laboratory to compare the mutagen-producing capacity of these enzymes for various N-nitrosamines. We found that CYP2E1 was responsible for the metabolic activation of N-nitrosamines with relatively short alkyl chains, whereas CYP2A6 was involved in the metabolic activation of N-nitrosamines possessing relatively bulky alkyl chains such as a tobacco-specific nitrosamine, NNK, which has been known to cause lung tumor in rodents. Thus, to examine a hypothesis that individuals possessing the CYP2A6*4C have the reduced risk of lung cancer due to the lack of the capacity of the metabolic activation of certain carcinogens in tobacco smoke, a case-control study was performed.

Mapping the distributions of blood-sucking mites and mite-borne agents in China:a modeling study

Background:Emerging mite-borne pathogens and associated disease burdens in recent decades are raising serious public health concerns,yet their distributions and ecology remain under-investigated.We aim to describe the geographical distributions of blood-sucking mites and mite-borne agents and to assess their ecological niches in China.Methods:We mapped 549 species of blood-sucking mites belonging to 100 genera at the county level and eight mite-associated agents detected from 36 species of blood-sucking mites in China during 1978–2020.Impacts of climatic and environmental factors on the ecology of 21 predominant vector mites and a leading pathogen,Orientia tsutsugamushi,were assessed using boosted regression tree(BRT)models,and model-predicted risks were mapped.We also estimated the model-predicted number,area and population size of afected counties for each of the 21 mite species in China.Results:Laelaps echidninus is the leading mite species that potentially afects 744 million people,followed by La.jettmari(517 million)and Eulaelaps stabularis(452 million).Leptotrombidium scutellare is the mite species harboring the highest variety of mite-borne agents including four Rickettsia species and two viruses,followed by Eu.stabularis(2 agents),L.palpale(2)and La.echidninus(2).The top two agents that parasitize the largest number of mite species are O.tsutsugamushi(28 species)and hantavirus(8).Mammalian richness,annual mean temperature and precipitation of the driest quarter jointly determine the ecology of the mites,forming four clusters of major mite species with distinct geographic distributions.High-risk areas of O.tsutsugamushi are mainly distributed in southern and eastern coastal provinces where 71.5 million people live.Conclusions:Ecological niches of major mite species and mite-borne pathogens are much more extensive than what have been observed,necessitating expansion of current fled surveillance.