Relationship Between Individuals’Epidemic Risk Perception Within Living Space and Subjective Well-Being:Empirical Evidence from China after the First Wave of COVID-19

It is common to observe the epidemic risk perception(ERP)and a decline in subjective well-being(SWB)in the context of public health events,such as Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).However,there have been few studies exploring the impact of individuals’ERP within living space on their SWB,especially from a geographical and daily activity perspective after the resumption of work and other activities following a wave of the pandemic.In this paper,we conducted a study with 789 participants in urban China,measuring their ERP within living space and examining its influence on their SWB using path analysis.The results indicated that individuals’ERP within their living space had a significant negative effect on their SWB.The density of certain types of facilities within their living space,such as bus stops,subway stations,restaurants,fast food shops,convenience shops,hospitals,and public toilets,had a significantly negative impact on their SWB,mediated by their ERP within living space.Additionally,participation in out-of-home work and other activities not only increased individuals’ERP within living space,but also strengthened its negative effect on their SWB.

Validation of nutritional risk index method against patientgenerated subjective global assessment in screening malnutrition in colorectal cancer patients

Objective：To validate malnutrition screening tool of nutrition risk index （NRI） against patent-generated subjective global assessment （PG-SGA） as a gold standard tool in colorectal cancer patients before radiotherapy.Methods：Nutritional status of 52 volunteer colorectal cancer patients with a mean age of 54.1±16.8 years who referred to radiotherapy center were assessed by PG-SGA （gold standard method） and NRI.Serum albumin levels of patients were determined by colorimetric method.A contingency table was used to determine the sensitivity,specificity,and predictive value of the NRI in screening patients at risk of malnutrition,in comparison with the PG-SGA in patients before radiotherapy.Results：The findings of PG-SGA and NRI showed that 52％ and 45％ of patients in our study were moderately or severely malnourished respectively.The NRI had a sensitivity of 66％ and a specificity of 60％ against PG-SGA.The positive predictive value was 64％ and the negative predicative value was 62％.The agreement between NRI and PG-SGA was statistically insignificant （kappa =0.267; P＞0.05）.Conclusions：The findings of present study showed that the prevalence of malnutrition was high in patients with colorectal cancer.Moreover,NRI method had low sensitivity and specificity in assessing nutritional status of patients with cancer.It seems that the combination of anthropometric,laboratory parameters and a subjective scoring system may be helpful tools in screening of malnutrition in cancer patients.

Prospective study evaluating the value of subjective global assessment and national risk score 2002 for post-operative risk detection in living related donor liver transplant recipients

Background: Chronic liver disease may be associated with protein energy malnutrition. Those malnourished patients undergoing liver transplantation suffer great morbidities and even mortalities. Estimating the degree of malnutrition in patients with end stage liver disease is a difficult job, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Nutritional Risk Score-2002 (NRS-2002) are among many tools that can give an overview for the nutritional status of the patients. Aim: To detect the efficacy and the predictive validity of SGA and NRS 2002 for post-operative risk detection for liver transplant patients. Patients & Methods: 30 recipients of end stage liver disease had undergone a nutritional assessment by SGA score & NRS-2002 score, to be compared with the parameters of outcome of post-operative liver transplantation (ALT, AST, INR, Bilirubin, time spent in ICU, hospital infective episodes & number of antibiotic courses). Results: Patients declared as malnourished by SGA and NRS-2002 had higher post operative ALT & AST value, more prolonged INR, spent more time at ICU and hospital, suffered from more infective episodes and had more antibiotic courses in a significant statistical manner. Conclusion: SGA and NRS-2002 could be useful, simple and dependable tools to be used for risk detection of post-operative morbidities after liver transplantation.

Subject Area Risk Assessment of Four Hungarian Universities with a View to the QS University Rankings by Subject

Purpose:The aim of our paper is to investigate the role of a mentor leading a research team in the overall scientific performance of an academic institution and the possible risks of their departure with a special attention to their publication output.Design/methodology/approach:By using SciVal subject area data,we composed a formula describing the level of vulnerability of any given university in the case of losing any of its leading mentors,identifying other risk factors by dividing their careers into separate stages.Findings:It turns out that the higher field-weighed citation impact is,the better position universities reach in the rankings by subject and the vulnerability of institutions highly depends on the mentors,especially in view of their contribution to the topic clusters.Research limitations:The analysis covers the publication output of leading researchers working at four Hungarian universities,the scope of the analysis is worth being extended.Practical implications:Our analysis has the potential to give an applicable systemic approach as well as a data collection scheme to university managements so as to formulate an inclusive and comprehensive research strategy involving the introduction of a reward system aimed at publications and further encouraging national and international research cooperation.Originality/value:The methodology and the principles of risk assessment laid down in our paper are not restricted to measuring the vulnerability level of a limited group of academic institutions,they can be appropriately used for investigating the role of mentors or leading researchers at every university across the globe.

Risk Management Strategy for Agricultural Operation Subjects in Simple Scale Expansion Mode

Agricultural operation subject is a main body of the market economy. At present,the simple scale expansion mode is a major mode of agricultural operation in China. According to some hypothesis,scale expansion will inevitably bring high income,but such hypothesis has serious defects. The operation mechanism of the simple scale expansion mode includes farmer operation mechanism,professional farmer operation mechanism,and " company + farmers" operation mechanism. In the production and operation,they will be faced with different natural risks,technical risks,market risks and policy risks. Besides,their risk control ability is also varied. Therefore,it is required to take different agricultural risk management strategies. The " company + farmers" production and operation subjects have the highest ability of risk management. Other subjects should learn their experience.

Optimal Decision-Making of Trans-Provincial Electricity Market Subjects with Risks under Renewable Portfolio Standards

The randomness and uncertainty of renewable energy generation are expected to significantly change the optimal decision-making of trans-provincial electricity market subjects.Therefore,it is beneficial to optimize the interests of each of these subjects,considering the unpredictable risks of renewable energy under the renewable portfolio standards(RPS)and researching their effects on the optimal decision-making of transprovincial electricity market multi-subjects.First,we develop a trans-provincial trading market mechanism for renewable energy and clarify the electricity supply and demand relation and the green certificates supply and demand relation of trans-provincial electricitymarketmulti-subjects.Then,under the RPS,we construct a multi-subject game model of the power supply chain that recognizes the risks,and adopt the reverse induction method to discuss the optimum risk-taking judgment of each subject in the trans-provincial electricity market.Finally,we useMATLAB to verify the viability and efficacy of the proposed gamemodel,and obtain a certain reference value for the optimal decision-making of trans-provincial electricity market subjects.In summary,we consider the uncertainty risks of renewable energy under RPS,study the effects of the green certificate price and risk aversion coefficient in the RPS mechanism on the optimal decisionmaking of trans-provincial electricity market subjects,and obtain the changing trends of two different power products and those of different electricity market subjects under the influence of the green certificate price and risk aversion coefficient,which have a certain reference value for studying the factors affecting the optimal decision-making of trans-provincial electricity market subjects.

EFFECT OF ADDED DIETARY CALCIUM ON ESOPHAGEAL EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION IN SUBJECTS AT HIGH RISK FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER: A DOUBLE-BLIND INTER-VENTION STUDY

A randomized double-blind intervention trial was carried determine whether oral calcium supplementation could lower the proliferation of epithelial cells of the esophagus. 41 subjects identified with precancerous lesions by histopathology were randomized to receive oral supplementation of their conventional diets with 0.6 g of calcium as calcium carbonate or placebo. Both at the entry to the study and at the end of the treatment, seven months later, the subjects were examined, with an emphasis on the frequency and distribution of proliferating epithelial cells of the esophagus. Patterns of cell proliferation was defined by dividing the esophageal epithelium into cell columns oriented perpendicularly to the basal cell layer and by comparing the numbers and fractions of tritiated thymidine-labeled epithelial cells in the various cell columns and cell compartments.Before dietary supplementation with calcium, the profile of proliferating epithelial cells in the esophageal compartments in calcium group is similar to that in the placebo group, which is comparable to that previously observed in subjects with high risk for esophageal cancer. Seven months after supplementation having been started, in calcium group, proliferation was significantly reduced and the profile of the esophageal columns approached to that previously observed in subjects at low risk for esophageal cancer, however, in the placebo group, the proliferation and profile maintain at the same level as that before supplementation. Our findings indicate that oral calcium supplementation induces a more quiescent equilibrium in epithelial-cell proliferation in the esophageal mucosa of the subjects at high-risk for esophageal cancer, similar to that observed in subjects at low risk.

A Trust Model Based on the Multinomial Subjective Logic for P2P Network

In order to deal with the problems in P2P systems such as unreliability of the Service, security risk and attacks caused by malicious peers, a novel trust model MSL-TM based on the Multinomial Subjective Logic is proposed. The model uses multinomial ratings and Dirichlet distribution to compute the expectation of the subjective opinion and accordingly draws the peer’s reputation value and risk value, and finally gets the trust value. The decay of time, rating credibility and the risk value are introduced to reflect the recent behaviors of the peers and make the system more sensitive to malicious acts. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the model is illustrated by the simulation experiment designed with peersim.

Effects of Meat Intake Frequency and Polymorphic Cytochrome P450 2A6 Activity on Individual Colorectal Tumour Risk in a Japanese Cohort

The relationships among meat consumption, smoking habits, and phenotypic cytochrome P450 2A6 variation with respect to colorectal cancer risk remain unclear. In this study, the relationships among colorectal tumour risk, meat consumption by questionnaire, and phenotypic P450 2A6 activity by genotyping in a case-control study (299 cases and 170 controls) were analyzed for never-smokers and ever-smokers. In never-smokers consuming ≥1 serving per day of total meat, a significant odds ratio of 4.42 (95% confidence interval, 1.29 - 15.2), adjusted by logistic regression for age and gender, was observed, compared with the group consuming ≤2 servings per week. Furthermore, in Japanese never-smokers, the susceptibility to colorectal tumours was dependent on the frequency of meat intake (trend test p = 0.011). In never-smokers who were P450 2A6 poor metabolizers and had a high frequency of meat intake, the apparent odds ratio was 3.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.30 - 42.2) compared with the P450 2A6 normal group with a low meat intake frequency. These results suggested that colorectal tumour risk was inversely associated with the phenotypic P450 2A6 activities in Japanese never-smokers with a high meat intake.

The Role of the PNI and NLR in Nutritional Risk Screening and Assessment of Gastric Cancer Patients

Background The use of nutritional risk screening and assessment is becoming increasingly common in cancer patients.The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS 2002)is a nutritional risk screening programe with good utility.The patient generated-subjective global assessment(PG-SGA)is a method used to assess the nutritional status of cancer patients.The prognostic nutritional index(PNI)and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)are considered to be predictors of the prognosis following treatment for patients with a variety of cancers.However,the relationship between the PNI and NLR in the nutritional screening and assessment in patients with gastric cancer is unknown.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 378 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from August 2019 to December 2020.NRS 2002 and PG-SGA were performed within 24 hours of admission,and indicators such as the serum albumin level,body mass index(BMI),PNI and NLR were measured.Results In the grouping based on the NRS2002,patients in the positive group(NRS 2002≥3)had a higher platelet value,a higher median NLR,and a lower PNI than those in the negative group(NRS 2002<3)(295.50±118.49×10^(9)/L vs.269.36±93.52×10^(9)/L,2.38 vs.1.77,42.36±5.96 vs.46.64±4.29).Based on the PG-SGA grouping,the serum albumin level and lymphocyte count were highest in the mild group(PG-SGA:score 2-3),(36.94±3.51 g/L and 1.91±0.7610^(9)/L)and lowest within the severe group(PG SGA score≥9)(34.09±4.18 g/L and 1.51±0.6410^(9)/L).The BMI was highest in the mild group(23.35±3.00 kg/m^(2))and lowest in the severe group(20.63±2.97 kg/m^(2)),and the PNI was also highest in the mild group(46.50±5.17)and lowest in the severe group(41.64±5.53).However,the NLR was lowest in the mild group(median 1.91)and highest in the severe group(median 2.44).Conclusion The PNI and NLR in gastric cancer patients are closely related to the results of the nutritional risk screening and assessment,suggesting that they may be useful to guide the nutritional interventions for gastric cancer patients.

全球人工智能风险治理的趋势与特征——基于25份政策文件的文本量化分析

人工智能已经成为新一轮科技革命和产业变革的重要驱动力量。选取2016年以来全球各国或组织出台的25份人工智能风险治理政策展开文本量化研究,构建“风险议题—治理主体—政策工具”三维分析框架,分析全球人工智能风险治理政策的主要内容、基本特征和发展趋势后发现,全球人工智能风险治理政策侧重于解决社会风险问题,对技术风险和法治风险的关注仍待强化;治理主体多样化,但参与度不均衡;以强制型政策工具为主,引导型、市场型政策工具为辅,自愿型政策工具运用偏少。因此,应优化政策工具整体布局,形成多元主体参与协调机制,健全人工智能安全等级和风险预估机制。

主观体力疲劳在老年患者肌力与跌倒风险之间的中介效应分析

目的探究主观体力疲劳在老年患者肌力与跌倒风险之间的中介效应。方法以2019年1月至2022年12月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院老年医学科住院的老年患者为研究对象,选取入院前1年有跌倒史的167例患者为病例组,同时选取入院前1年无跌倒史的167例患者为对照组。比较分析两组患者的临床特征。分析主观体力疲劳、肌力与老年患者跌倒风险的相关性。分析老年患者跌倒风险的独立影响因素。分析主观体力疲劳在老年患者肌力与跌倒风险之间的中介效应。结果病例组患者的体重指数、肌力低于或小于对照组,年龄、主观体力疲劳比例大于或高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,老年患者的主观体力疲劳与肌力呈显著负相关(r=-0.243,P<0.05),与跌倒风险呈显著正相关(r=0.160,P<0.05);老年患者的肌力与跌倒风险呈显著负相关(r=-0.240,P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,体重指数、肌力是老年患者跌倒风险的独立保护因素(P<0.05),主观体力疲劳是老年患者跌倒风险的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。Model 4中介模型分析结果显示,肌力对跌倒风险的直接预测作用显著(β=0.132,t=4.311,P=0.000),当加入中介变量后,肌力对跌倒风险的直接预测作用仍然显著(β=0.121,t=2.103,P=0.000),肌力对主观体力疲劳的预测作用显著(β=0.219,t=3.151,P=0.000),主观体力疲劳对跌倒风险的预测作用显著(β=0.052,t=3.912,P=0.000)。Bootstrap检验模型分析结果显示,肌力对跌倒风险的直接效应值为0.641(95%CI 0.615~0.853),主观体力疲劳对跌倒风险的中介效应值为0.326(95%CI 0.032~0.221),95%CI不包含0,表明中介效应成立,且中介效应值占总效应的33.72%。结论主观体力疲劳是老年患者肌力与跌倒风险之间的中介变量,临床应重视老年患者主观体力疲劳的评估与干预,从而有助于降低老年患者的跌倒风险。

智能时代的职业风险对主观阶层认同的影响

本文从风险视角切入,揭示了在人工智能时代的背景下职业风险影响主观阶层认同的作用机制,厘清了阶层认同风险逻辑与资源逻辑的区别与联系,超越了以往基于资源逻辑的“阶层认同形成理论”。研究发现,智能时代的职业风险具有显著的阶层认同下移效应,失业风险和收入风险是职业风险影响阶层认同的双重传导机制。资源逻辑对职业风险的阶层认同下移效应具有调节效应,拥有更多资产的劳动者,职业风险对阶层认同的降低作用相对较弱;相对而言,中等收入群体面临的职业风险更高,从而使其阶层认同下移程度更大。本文从风险视角解释了主观阶层认同的下偏现象,同时较好地回应了中等收入群体“低位认同”的“时代之力”,对理解数字经济下社会分层的变化趋势有启发意义。

基层矛盾风险多元协同治理体系的建构逻辑与发展面向——基于H省X县的实践分析

提升基层矛盾风险防范化解能力是新时代基层治理的重要课题。多元主体协同治理已成为防范化解基层矛盾风险的路径选择,形成了丰富的治理实践。本文依据协同治理理论构建了基层矛盾风险治理情境下的协同治理分析框架,通过对H省X县实践的分析,总结出基层矛盾风险协同治理过程中呈现出来的四重建构逻辑:起始逻辑、动员逻辑、整合逻辑和保障逻辑。对协同治理体系建构过程中所浮现的问题从协同起点层面、协同动员层面、协同整合层面以及协同保障层面给出在发展面向上的思考。推进基层矛盾风险多元协同治理体系的实践发展,应形成从“被动回应”到“主动应对”的认知,促成“领导重视”与“群众自主”的结合,实现从“单打独斗”到“齐心协力”的转变,并达成“刚性约束”和“柔性塑造”的契合。

基于SNA的铁路工程技术创新双重风险网络特征及演化研究

为提升铁路工程技术创新主体协同治理水平,防范化解技术创新核心风险,构建技术创新风险传导网络(A-模网)与风险治理网络(B-模网)的整体性框架,基于社会网络分析法解析双重风险网络特征并进行演化研究。首先辨识技术创新主体和共性风险因素,并明确风险分担关系以建立双重风险网络边界;其次构建A-模网模型,通过网络密度、块模型和中心性分析识别核心风险因素和风险链路;基于A-模网结构参数和网络边界构建B-模网模型,通过核心边缘结构与结构洞剖析创新主体在风险治理中的地位及控制能力;最后提出针对性的风险治理策略,通过双重风险网络演化分析实现风险治理效果检测。研究结果表明:根据组织属性和参与行为将技术创新主体界定为7类,共性风险因素包括16项并可归纳为创新管理风险、技术研发风险、成果应用风险3类;风险治理可采取核心风险靶向控制策略,重点关注技术创新组织网络不健全、多主体间文化与沟通缺失、技术创新信息壁垒、技术创新能力缺失、研发人员引进困难与流失5项核心风险因素以及新技术试用验证不充分→新技术与现有技术间融合性差1条核心风险链路;科研方处于网络的核心区域且具备核心风险控制能力,立项出资方也处于网络核心区域,但网络控制力较弱,可采取出资方—业主方—技术创新管理咨询方三方联盟策略优化风险治理网络结构。研究结果为铁路工程技术创新风险协同治理提供了借鉴与参考。

生成式人工智能虚假信息的刑事风险与法律应对

生成式人工智能自发或在人为引导下有生成和传播虚假信息的风险。针对生成式人工智能自发产生虚假信息的负外部性,由于在新过失论前提下服务提供者对规章义务的违反已受到相关治理规范的规制,在刑事责任的设置上宜参照拒不履行信息网络安全管理义务罪,将生成式人工智能服务提供者解释为新型网络服务提供者,为其拒不履行生成式服务规范义务产生的严重后果承担刑事责任。针对生成式人工智能存在被用作犯罪工具触发编造及传播虚假信息的潜在风险,传统罪名足以规制,但具体交叉罪名需从犯罪客体和犯罪行为明确区分适用。在追究生成式人工智能编造传播虚假信息的法律责任时宜弱化量化标准的适用效力。

半潜式起重拆解平台建造风险评估

提出了一项包涵多数基本风险参数的整体风险评估模型,用于全面评估半潜式起重拆解平台的风险值.所应用的模型是三角模糊数、区间值毕达哥拉斯模糊(IVPFS)、优劣解距离法(TOPSIS)和灰色关联分析(GRA)的集成.将开发的IVPFS-TOPSIS-GRA应用到半潜式起重拆解平台建造风险评估的项目中:首先,应用三角模糊数获得了专家的重要性权重;其次,为避免决策者的主观性太强,提供了一种结合主观权重和基于相似度的客观权重的加权方法;再次,在区间值毕达哥拉斯模糊环境下结合TOPSIS-GRA获得已识别安全风险的最终排名.此外,进行了敏感性研究,验证所提出方法的鲁棒性和稳定性.通过对建造生产管理风险因素辨识的数据分析,得到建造生产管理风险的重点风险隐患区域:交叉作业生产管理区.结果表明,所提出的模型可以帮助专家在用模糊性和主观性语言处理的模糊环境中进行风险评估,克服了常见定量估计和定性估计的局限性.

论我国科研数据权益保护的困境与纾解

科研数据对于科学研究、市场竞争和国家安全具有重要意义。科研数据既是企业、科研机构、高校等主体进行科技创新的技术基础,亦是关乎国家安全发展的重要战略资源。目前,在科研数据跨界、跨境流通成为常态化的同时,依然存在科研数据权属主体模糊、数据安全管理缺位、数据权益保障不足的困境,有碍于科研数据资源的有序共享与深度挖掘。基于此,应以投入原则、分层原则与责任原则作为科研数据确权的基本原则,通过制度设计澄清其权属争议。建议通过强化科研数据的安全管理、建立全主体+全流程的保护机制、形成行政与司法双轨道协作保护模式,完善科研数据的权益保护。

3种营养筛查工具在骨与软组织肿瘤患者营养不良风险评估中的临床价值

目的:调查骨与软组织肿瘤患者营养不良风险的发生情况,探索营养风险筛查2002(NRS2002)、通用筛查工具(MUST)、患者主观整体评估简表(PG-SGASF)等3种营养筛查工具在骨与软组织肿瘤患者营养不良风险评估中的临床价值。方法:对山西省肿瘤医院骨与软组织科2023年8月—2024年5月的所有入院成年患者进行问卷调查,调查内容包括:患者一般情况(年龄、性别、身高、体重);患者体重在近2周、1个月、2个月、3个月、6个月的变化情况;饮食改变情况以及影响饮食的原因等。整理完成NRS2002、MUST、PG-SGASF得分。结合患者临床资料疾病诊断、治疗情况进行统计分析。率的比较采用卡方检验,定量资料两组比较采用Mann-Whitney检验,多组比较采用Kruskal-WallisH检验,绘制韦恩图、ROC曲线。结果:合格问卷633份,男性327例、女性306例,平均年龄(54.41±14.35)岁。骨与软组织肿瘤患者营养不良风险在14%~22%之间,恶性肿瘤患者营养不良风险发生率更高。3种筛查结果绘制韦恩图显示,NRS2002与MUST一致性更高。以NRS2002为基础绘制ROC曲线(曲线下面积:MUST:0.9287,PG-SGASF:0.596)。结论:骨与软组织肿瘤患者营养不良风险发生率较其他类型肿瘤患者偏低,但恶性度越高营养不良风险越大。NRS2002有一定的漏诊情况,MUST简易且全面,PG-SGASF更适合用于评估。

生成式人工智能作为叙事主体的社会风险及治理

生成式人工智能通过语言输出建构的叙事主体有不断超越现实主体的可能性,这将会挑战现实社会作为真实存在的基础,因此需要分析产生这些风险的根源。在独立存在论和平行存在论两种传统叙事主体存在观基础上,指出人工智能作为叙事主体是可能的,并表现出生成性、交织性以及在世性等超越性特征。生成式人工智能作为叙事主体的不同存在特征,也带来不同层面的社会风险。在个体层主要有认知与情感能力削减、自我身份认同困难和自我存在意义消解等风险;在组织层主要有冲击主体间关系、影响组织的公共决策和加速后真相时代到来等风险;在社会层主要有大量职业消失、劳动方式改变和社会安全风险加大等风险。面对生成式人工智能作为叙事主体所带来的风险,可以通过建立现实主体语言池、划定叙事主体语料界限和培养自我反思实践能力作为应对方案。