Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020

Purpose:The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding(a main driver for scientific research)and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes a power law model to explore the relationship between research funding and citations of related papers.The study here analyzes 3,539 recorded documents by Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine and a broader dataset of 183,016 documents related to the fields of physics,medicine,and chemistry recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:Results reveal that in chemistry and medicine,funded researches published in papers of Nobel Laureates have higher citations than unfunded studies published in articles;vice versa high citations of Nobel Laureates in physics are for unfunded studies published in papers.Instead,when overall data of publications and citations in physics,chemistry and medicine are analyzed,all papers based on funded researches show higher citations than unfunded ones.Originality/value:Results clarify the driving role of research funding for science diffusion that are systematized in general properties:a)articles concerning funded researches receive more citations than(un)funded studies published in papers of physics,chemistry and medicine sciences,generating a high Matthew effect(a higher growth of citations with the increase in the number of papers);b)research funding increases the citations of articles in fields oriented to applied research(e.g.,chemistry and medicine)more than fields oriented towards basic research(e.g.,physics).Practical implications:The results here explain some characteristics of scientific development and diffusion,highlighting the critical role of research funding in fostering citations and the expansion of scientific knowledge.This finding can support decision-making of policymakers and R&D managers to improve the effectiveness in allocating financial resources in science policies to generate a higher positive scientific and societal impact.

General laws of funding for scientific citations:how citations change in funded and unfunded research between basic and applied sciences

Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.

Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furthermore, current application of evaluation criteria leads to a primary focus on short-term impact. Through current practice, the relatively most neglected diseases will remain so, and a long-term strategy is needed to resolve this.

Analysis of standardization of community security fund management-Taking practice of community security fund management in Wuhou district of Chengdu as an example

The Chengdu community security funds refer to the special security funds for urban and rural community development and governance in Chengdu.At present,there are some problems in the use of community security funds,such as low participation of residents,and low efficiency of fund use.Taking the exploration of standardization of community security fund management in Wuhou district,Chengdu city,as an example,this paper suggests further strengthening the use and management of community security funds by means of standardization,ensuring the democratic,open,and transparent use of funds,and effectively enhancing the supporting role of community security funds in community governance.

Patients Involved in Funding Research.A Look Back at the Unique Experience of the ECLAIR Working Group of Canceropole CLARA

This article aims to share an innovative experience of organizing and funding research involving those most directly affected:patients.The“ECLAIR”working group of the Canceropole Lyon Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes(CLARA)was created at the end of 2020 with the goal of contributing to the development of a call for projects on the patient experience in oncology,which was launched in January 2021.Initially composed of 8 members,including 7 patients,coordinated by a project manager from CLARA,the ECLAIR working group actively participated in drafting the specifications of the call for projects,developing the eligibility criteria for applications,revising the evaluation and selection criteria for projects,and monitoring the selected projects.This experience was repeated twice.With significant freedom of action,the working group made two decisions that strongly demonstrate the commitment to supporting research partnerships and the active involvement of those affected:firstly,by making partnership a mandatory requirement for the eligibility of applications,and secondly,by conducting the selection of projects themselves,after an independent scientific evaluation phase.Seeking to shed light on the“black box”of partnership,the article also presents the concrete modalities of interaction among the working group members,the adjustments made between different editions of the call for projects,and the relationships maintained with CLARA.

The relation between funding by the National Institutes of Health and the burden of disease

Background:The Institute of Medicine has proposed that the amount of disease-specific research funding provided by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)be systematically and consistently compared with the burden of disease for society.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study comparing estimates of disease-specific funding in 1996 with data on six measures of the burden of disease.

The relation between funding by the National Institutes of Health and the burden of disease

Background:The Institute of Medicine has proposed that the amount of disease-specific research funding provided by the National Institutes of Health(NIH)be systematically and consistently compared with the burden of disease for society.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study comparing estimates of disease-specific funding in 1996 with data on six measures of the burden of disease.The measures were total mortality,years of life lost,and number of hospital days in 1994 and incidence,prevalence,and disability-adjusted life-years(one disability-adjusted life-year is defined as the loss of one year of healthy life to disease)in 1990.With the use of these measures as explanatory variables in a regression analysis,predicted funding was calculated and compared with actual funding.

Strategies for Cultivating Public Funded Targeted Normal Students Based on Goal Management Theory : A Case Study of East, West and North Guangdong

Public funded targeted normal students are an important component of China's teacher team construction.Since its implementation in 2007,a large number of outstanding rural teachers who have been striving on the front line of education have been trained.Based on the theory of goal management,this paper explores the problems and countermeasures in the training of public funded targeted normal students.It strives to solve the problems of low willingness to teach and high default rates among public funded normal students,and hopes that the suggestions proposed in this paper can further promote the effective implementation of policies for public funded normal students.

The Scale and Structure of Funding Expenditures for China’s Firstclass Universities

Adequate funding is identified as a crucial factor in ensuring the success of these universities,impacting talent cultivation,scientific research,and social services.Since the 1990s,China has launched several key projects to enhance the development of its first universities and aimed at elevating these institutions to world-class status.Using data from 34 first-class universities in China from 2014 to 2022,this study analyzes the characteristics and differences in expenditure.It employs an independent sample t-test model to compare the C9 League universities with other first-class universities.The findings reveal significant gaps in total expenditure and varying priorities in expenditure categories,with education being the dominant expenditure item.The study concludes with suggestions for optimizing the efficiency of fund utilization to support the development of world-class universities in China.

Research on the Influence of Government R&D Funding and Enterprise R&D Investment on the Innovation Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Industry

Objective To study the effect of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on innovation efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods Based on the inter-provincial panel data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2009 to 2019,the stochastic frontier analysis method was used to study the influence of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on the innovation efficiency.Results and Conclusion With 1%increase in government R&D funding,the innovation efficiency of enterprises will increase by 0.122%.When R&D investment increases by 1%,innovation efficiency will increase by 0.169%.Both government R&D funding and enterprise R&D investment promote the innovation efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises,but the increase of enterprise R&D investment contributes more to the improvement of pharmaceutical innovation efficiency.

医院科研管理系统设计与实现

目的:适应医院科研业务的庞大规模和复杂需求,设计并建立一套医院科研管理系统,推动数据共享和业务联动,改善用户体验。方法:开发一个包含项目管理、经费管理和成果管理等模块的医院科研管理系统,将业务流程电子化。利用大数据治理技术和移动互联网技术,分别构建论文网推和移动科研模块。通过接口或中间库实现与医院资源规划(HRP)系统及其他科研平台的对接。结果:医院科研管理系统显著提高了科研项目和经费管理的效率,缩短了科研人员处理事务性业务的时间,改善了用户体验。通过系统对接,实现了跨部门、跨系统的数据共享和业务协同。结论:医院科研管理系统的建设不仅可满足日常科研业务管理需求,还推动了医院科研管理的创新探索。

基于语义加权网络的重点领域科学基金资助态势识别研究

[目的/意义]科学基金制度是各国(地区)提升科学研究水平的重要方式,准确识别科学基金的资助方向和资助成效是感知科技发展态势的关键。[方法/过程]为识别科学基金资助态势,在提出关键短语抽取规则后,利用语义相似度消除同、近义词的歧义影响,利用动态滑动窗口和语义相似度构建语义加权的词共现网络,并基于社团划分方法识别基金主题。在集成电路领域比较1812项中国国家自然科学基金和2807项美国国家科学基金的资助主题分布、资助力度变化和资助效果,该方法能够准确识别基金主题分布和资助成效。[结果/结论]中国国家自然科学基金和美国国家科学基金均涵盖了集成电路领域的主要研究主题,在重点资助方向和资助力度上有较大差异;中国国家自然科学基金资助的论文平均被引频次相对较低,受资助机构相对单一。

The Observation of Trends and Impacts of States Funding on Higher Education in America

The adequacy of state funding for higher education in America is vital to cultivate the qualified workforce and help in developing the state’s economy.With the economy downturn situation,whether the current state funding is adequate to the need of institutions and students is a valuable question to be investigated.This research reviewed the whole trends of state and federal support of the higher education,having analyzed the data of higher education funding for the whole state,for the institution development,and for the students and their families.With the enrollment increasing and the inflation growing,the state fund was dropping.Although states supply a greater part of funding to public universities,most of the state funding goes to community colleges and non-research public institutions.The public research institutions and undergraduate education are important components in higher education,generating changing the development for the entire society.The state should make some adjustments in distributing funding in order to keep up with the most urgent needs of the higher education and ease pressure on the institutions,and ease the financial burden on students and their families.

Fund budget model for multipurpose transit smart card systems

The fund budget of multipurpose transit smart card systems is studied by stochastic programming to assign limited funds to different applications reasonably. Under the constraints of a gross fund, models of chance-constrained and dependentchance for the fund budget of multipurpose transit smart card systems are established with application scale and social demand as random variables, respectively aiming to maximize earnings and satisfy the service requirements the furthest; and the genetic algorithm based on stochastic simulation is adopted for model solution. The calculation results show that the fund budget differs greatly with different system objectives which can cause the systems to have distinct expansibilities, and the application scales of some applications may not satisfy user demands with limited funds. The analysis results indicate that the forecast of application scales and application future demands should be done first, and then the system objective is determined according to the system mission, which can help reduce the risks of fund budgets.

海运温室气体减排市场机制ETS和GHG FUND的比较研究

海运温室气体排放交易机制(ETS)和基金机制(GHG FUND)是用于海运温室气体减排的2个代表性市场机制.为深入了解这2大机制,对其运行机理、减排效果、运行成本,以及新增碳排放成本进行了深度的解剖和定量分析;指出了机制设计中的不确定性以及对发展中国家、不同运输方式间竞争的不公平性.认为现有设计框架下的ETS和GHG FUND机制作为海运业市场减排机制方案并不妥当,海运业应该在寻求技术和营运的措施减排方面做更多的努力.

串联质谱相比于茚三酮-荧光法筛查新生儿遗传代谢性疾病对上海财政或医保的预算影响分析

目的分析串联质谱(tandem mass spectrometry,MS/MS)筛查相比于茚三酮-荧光法(以下简称荧光分析法)筛查新生儿遗传代谢性疾病对上海财政或者医保的影响,为MS/MS报销提供政策建议。方法采用Microsoft Excel 2019构建预算影响分析模型,模型研究时限为3年(2025—2027年),基于上海新生儿出生数据以及上海新生儿出生平均降幅预测2025—2027年新生儿人数,临床筛查数据、成本数据来源于相关统计网站、文献和医院调研数据。通过专家咨询了解全国和上海的筛查和报销政策,其中,荧光分析法主要用于苯丙酮尿症的筛查,MS/MS可用于多种新生儿遗传代谢性疾病的筛查,分别测算MS/MS筛查相比于荧光分析法对上海财政或医保的影响。结果对财政的预算影响分析表明:2025—2027年,荧光分析法财政支出预计分别为158万元、148万元和139万元,MS/MS财政支出分别为2275万元、2137万元和2006万元,MS/MS相比于荧光分析法增加的财政支出分别为2118万元、1988万元和1867万元,财政支出呈逐年下降的趋势。对医保基金的预算影响分析表明:2025—2027年,荧光分析法医保基金支出预计分别为111万元、104万元和97万元,MS/MS医保基金支出分别为1593万元1496万元和1404万元,MS/MS相比于荧光分析法增加的医保基金分别为1482万元、1392万元和1307万元,医保基金支出呈逐年下降的趋势。政策梳理方面,串联质谱筛查费用一般由财政支付或患者自付,商业保险、慈善基金会组织等可作为基金补充来源。结论上海市扩大新生儿遗传代谢性疾病筛查费用整体可控,为了统一支付口径,方便管理,建议上海市串联质谱筛查费用由财政支付。

Analysis of Disadvantages of International Monetary Fund

In the current world economic environment,the International Monetary Fund(IMF) has the function of stabilizing financial situation and economic growth.Since the end of the World War II,the IMF has aided many countries and regions during their financial crises.Though no one denies the key roles of IMF on these aspects,the "prescriptions" made by the IMF in order to respond to these crises have brought many criticisms.We must see the disadvantages in IMF while admitting its positive impact.

媒体关注、投资者情绪与企业资金期限错配

为缓解企业债务“爆雷”背后的资金期限错配,文章以2008—2022年中国A股上市公司为研究样本,分析媒体关注、投资者情绪与企业资金期限错配三者的关系。研究发现:媒体关注能缓解企业资金期限错配,投资者情绪会抑制媒体关注对企业资金期限错配的缓解作用;机制分析表明,媒体关注通过缓解融资约束和抑制管理层短视来降低企业资金期限错配;异质性分析显示,媒体关注对企业资金期限错配的缓解作用在非负面媒体报道、长期借款占比低、非国有以及内部控制质量高的企业中更显著。研究结论为缓解企业资金期限错配提供理论依据和政策参考,有助于降低市场系统性金融风险,更好支撑实体企业高质量发展。

Status Quo and Reform Ideas for Accounting Calculation of Social Security Fund in China

With the steady development of China＇s economic policy and social secu- rity system, social security fund has become more and more important. Therefore, in the process of establishing and implementing social security system, the status of the accounting system of social security fund has become particularly prominent. The existing problems in the system were discussed and corresponding reform ideas were proposed by analyzing the current situation of the social security fund accounting system.

秦皇岛市研发经费现状透析及进阶策略研究——基于2023年统计数据实证分析

研发经费是社会主体为实施研发活动实际投入的研发费用,是反映科技创新水平和成效的重要指标。文章比较研究了我国统计、会计、税务、科技系统不同政策背景下研发经费内涵、归集口径、核算标准。本文使用公开统计数据分析了2016-2023年全社会研发经费投入现状,秦皇岛市研发投入规模不断增长、投入强度增长放缓、区域分布差异鲜明;秦皇岛经济技术开发区在研发经费投入、研发投入产出效率、专利申请单位数量等多个指标领先市内其他区县,是秦皇岛市科技创新核心区域。研究发现,秦皇岛科技企业在经费归集、填报方面存在政策依据不清楚、企业内部管理制度不健全、研发经费概念混淆、主观小口径归集填报等问题,提出应该加强政策普及宣讲、重点企业培训辅导、科学统计填报指导、多部门协同实施等推动秦皇岛市研发经费持续稳健增长的措施和对策。