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Risk-taking path choice behaviors under ATIS in transportation networks with demand uncertainty 被引量:2
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作者 Shao, Hu Tian, Qiong +1 位作者 Yuan, Xiaoming Wang, Guodong 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2008年第S1期43-48,共6页
A new travel time reliability-based traffic assignment model is proposed to investigate the effects of an advanced transportation information system (ATIS) on drivers' risk-taking path choice behaviours in transpo... A new travel time reliability-based traffic assignment model is proposed to investigate the effects of an advanced transportation information system (ATIS) on drivers' risk-taking path choice behaviours in transportation networks with demand uncertainty. In the model, drivers are divided into two classes. The first class is not equipped with ATIS, while the second class is equipped with ATIS. Different risk-taking path choice behaviours of the two classes are studied, respectively. A corresponding mixed equilibrium traffic assignment model is formulated as a variational inequality problem in terms of path flows, which is solved by a heuristic solution algorithm. Numerical results indicate that the ATIS can influence the drivers' risk-taking path choice behaviours and the total system travel time in transportation networks with demand uncertainty. It is also found that under higher demand levels, the benefits of ATIS for network performance enhancement may be more obvious. 展开更多
关键词 risk-taking path choice behaviours advanced transportation information system (ATIS) demand uncertainty traffic assignment problem variational inequality
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Popularity, likeability, and risk-taking in middle adolescence
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作者 Stephanie Hawke Elizabeth Rieger 《Health》 2013年第6期41-52,共12页
This study investigated the roles of adolescent popularity and likeability in eight domains of risk-taking in Australian grade 9 students (53% girls). The eight domains included previously examined areas of aggressive... This study investigated the roles of adolescent popularity and likeability in eight domains of risk-taking in Australian grade 9 students (53% girls). The eight domains included previously examined areas of aggressive behaviours, alcohol use, and sexual intercourse, and areas where there is scarce information, including antisocial activities, unprotected intercourse, body image-related risk-taking, unsafe road practices, and stranger-related risk-taking. The results indicated a clear association between popularity and higher risk-taking in five of the eight domains. This is contrasted with likeability, which was not directly related to risk-taking aside from one two-way interaction with gender for sexual intercourse. The findings demonstrate the importance of including a broader range of risk-taking activities when considering popularity, particularly stranger-related risk-taking. 展开更多
关键词 ADOLESCENCE POPULARITY PEER STATUS risk-taking
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Development of a Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Nurses’ Risk-Taking Behavior in Medication
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作者 Yayoi Imura Chiharu Akazawa 《Health》 2022年第1期1-22,共22页
<strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study was to prepare a self-assessment questionnaire for nurses’ risk-taking behavior (RTB) in medication and to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire. &... <strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study was to prepare a self-assessment questionnaire for nurses’ risk-taking behavior (RTB) in medication and to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire. <strong>Method: </strong>In the first study, a draft of the self-evaluation questionnaire for nurses’ RTB in medication was prepared based on the literature study and qualitative analysis of important case information included in the Project to Collect Medical Near-miss/Adverse Event Information Annual Report of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Following the studies, face validity was confirmed, and a questionnaire survey was conducted for nurses who oversee medication nationwide to verify the reliability and validity. <strong>Result: </strong>The number of subjects was 586 (valid response rate: 94.1%). Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis showed that 4 factors and 12 items for the RTBs in daily life and 4 factors and 20 items for RTBs in medication could be extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fit of the hypothetical model obtained by exploratory factor analysis. In addition, Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.888. Thus, high reliability and validity were obtained. A correlation was found by comparing the total scores of each RTB factor with the incident/accident group, and a standard for self-evaluation value could be established (p < 0.01). <strong>Conclusions: </strong>We were able to develop a self-assessment questionnaire for nurses’ risk-taking behavior in medication. This questionnaire will be used by nurses to find out their trends. 展开更多
关键词 Self-Assessment Questionnaire risk-taking Behavior Nurses MEDICATION
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Monetary Policy,Liquidity and Bank Risk-Taking
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作者 JIANG Hai ZHANG Xiaolin +1 位作者 TANG Shenfeng CHEN Chuanglian 《Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities》 2023年第2期171-197,共27页
The great impact of monetary policy on bank risk-taking,facilitated by a liquidity mechanism,significantly complicates the macro-prudential supervision process.Surprisingly,limited scholarly research has delved into t... The great impact of monetary policy on bank risk-taking,facilitated by a liquidity mechanism,significantly complicates the macro-prudential supervision process.Surprisingly,limited scholarly research has delved into this particular issue.Hence,in this paper,the liquidity variable is introduced into the dynamic linear model to depict the liquidity mechanism by which monetary policy affects bank risk-taking.Based on micro-data from 133 commercial banks in China,this paper empirically tests using systematic Gaussian mixture models estimation and a panel smooth transition regression model.The findings reveal that while monetary policy does not exhibit a significant risk-shifting effect.A marked liquidity transmission effect,however,is observed,whereby easy monetary policy noticeably exacerbates bank risk-taking.This impact becomes more pronounced as liquidity levels improve.The most significant negative impact of monetary policy on bank risk-taking occurs when bank liquidity reaches approximately 43%.Moreover,when banks maintain high levels of liquidity,the statutory deposit reserve ratio exerts a greater regulatory effect than other monetary policy tools.Contractionary monetary policy imposes noticeably weaker restraints than expansionary monetary policy,particularly in banks with higher liquidity levels.Moreover,the interplay between monetary policy and bank risk-taking is contingent upon not just the liquidity level of banks,but also their asset size and capital adequacy. 展开更多
关键词 monetary policy liquidity mechanism bank risk-taking
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The impact of internet finance on commercial banks’risk-taking:Theoretical interpretation and empirical test 被引量:1
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作者 Guo Pin Shen Yue 《China Finance and Economic Review》 2016年第3期89-109,共21页
Through introducing internet finance’s“reducing management cost”and“raising capital cost”effects into bank risk-taking model,this paper systematically investigates the dynamic and heterogeneous influence of inter... Through introducing internet finance’s“reducing management cost”and“raising capital cost”effects into bank risk-taking model,this paper systematically investigates the dynamic and heterogeneous influence of internet finance on commercial banks’risk-taking.Using internet finance index based on“text mining”and data of 36 commercial banks from 2003 to 2013,we makes an empirical test.The results show,firstly,the impact of internet finance on commercial banks’risk-taking is a“U”trend.The initial development of internet finance can help commercial banks reduce management cost and risk-taking,but then internet finance will raise capital cost,and turn to exacerbate banks’risk-taking.Secondly,the response of commercial banks’risk-taking is heterogeneous.Large commercial banks’response is slow,while small and medium banks’response is relatively sensitive. 展开更多
关键词 internet finance commercial bank risk-taking system GMM estimation
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Thinking of peace when rich:The effect of industry growth on corporate risk-taking
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作者 Xiangting Kong Jinsong Tan Jingxin Zhang 《China Journal of Accounting Research》 2022年第2期25-49,共25页
We investigate the unique role and mechanisms of industry growth in firms’risk-taking policies.We find that industry growth is negatively associated with corporate risk-taking,consistent with the prospect theory that... We investigate the unique role and mechanisms of industry growth in firms’risk-taking policies.We find that industry growth is negatively associated with corporate risk-taking,consistent with the prospect theory that a high-growth industry gives firms a superior external environment,which may cause them to refrain from corporate risk-taking as in the saying“thinking of peace when rich.”This correlation is stronger for product market leaders,industries encouraged by industry policies and industries that receive more government support.Firms reduce risk-taking through various corporate policies,including long-term,high-value investments,operational efficiency and cash holdings in response to high industry growth.Overall,our results are consistent with industry growth negatively affecting corporate risk-taking. 展开更多
关键词 Industry growth risk-taking Prospect theory Corporate policies
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Industrial internet technology,resource reallocation and corporate risk-taking capacity:Evidence from the strategic management perspective
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作者 Lili Hui Huobao Xie 《China Journal of Accounting Research》 2024年第4期82-111,共30页
By employing machine learning techniques and the Word2Vec model,we quantify the micro-level implementation of Industrial Internet technology in Chinese manufacturing firms from 2010 to 2022.This provides empirical evi... By employing machine learning techniques and the Word2Vec model,we quantify the micro-level implementation of Industrial Internet technology in Chinese manufacturing firms from 2010 to 2022.This provides empirical evidence for understanding how the Industrial Internet technology enhances corporate risk-taking capability.Our study shows that adopting this technology increases risk-taking capacity,mainly through resource reallocation.The information layer empowers improvements in organizational structure,the platform layer optimizes labor resources,and the edge/software layers facilitate the integration of supply chain resources.The effect is more pronounced in firms that are technology-and labor-intensive,particularly in environments of high economic policy uncertainty.In conclusion,the Industrial Internet boosts total factor productivity by fostering increased risk-taking. 展开更多
关键词 Industrial Internet Technology Resource Reallocation risk-taking Capacity Supply Chain resources Machine Learning
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Artificial intelligence and corporate risk-taking:Evidence from China
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作者 Hong Chen Mengyun Zhang +1 位作者 Jun Zeng Wenhua Wang 《China Journal of Accounting Research》 2024年第3期50-71,共22页
The deep integration of artificial intelligence(AI)into enterprises presents both opportunities and challenges,making it a focal point of current research.This study explores the impact of AI on corporate risk-taking,... The deep integration of artificial intelligence(AI)into enterprises presents both opportunities and challenges,making it a focal point of current research.This study explores the impact of AI on corporate risk-taking,using data spanning 2010-2019 from A-share listed companies in China.Our findings suggest that AI significantly heightens companies’level of risk-taking.Furthermore,financing constraints can amplify the relationship between AI and risk-taking,enhancing their sensitivity correlation.AI also significantly improves firms’investment efficiency and mitigates their underinvestment issues.Finally,mediation tests indicate that AI enhances risk-taking by diminishing firms’risk perception.Overall,we offer valuable insights into and references for accelerating the deep integration of AI into enterprises. 展开更多
关键词 Artificial intelligence risk-taking Financing constraints
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The influence of CEO’s financial literacy on SMEs technological innovation:the mediating effects of MCS and risk‑taking 被引量:1
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作者 Antonio Duréndez Julio Dieguez‑Soto Antonia Madrid‑Guijarro 《Financial Innovation》 2023年第1期371-396,共26页
Previous literature showed mixed results about the impact of CEOs’financial literacy(CFL)on small and medium-sized enterprises’(SMEs)innovation.This relationship can be motivated by relevant variables,which are miss... Previous literature showed mixed results about the impact of CEOs’financial literacy(CFL)on small and medium-sized enterprises’(SMEs)innovation.This relationship can be motivated by relevant variables,which are missing in the previous literature and make a difference as mediators.In this sense,based on the theoretical framework related to upper echelon theory and resource-based view,this study focuses on the mediating effect of risk-taking attitude and management control systems(MCS)varia-bles.Empirical data from 310 SMEs gathered using a qualitative research questionnaire are analyzed using structural equation modeling methodology.Specifically,estimations are carried out considering the partial least square method.Findings show that MCS and managers’risk attitudes fully mediate the relationship between financial literacy(FL)and innovation.Between these two mediating variables,the implementation of MCS stands out because it also enables the mediating effect of CEOs’risk-taking in the CFL–technological innovation relationship.As the results do not support the significant direct relationship between FL and risk attitude,they confirm an indirect effect through MCS.Furthermore,based on the study findings,SMEs’directors and owners,business associations,and public authorities can improve SMEs’technological innovation by implementing training programs and policies to foster CFL.They can also acknowledge the interdependency between organizational factors and individual characteristics to enhance SMEs’technological innovation. 展开更多
关键词 Financial literacy Technological innovation Small and medium-sized enterprises risk-taking Management control systems
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Gazing through the bubble:an experimental investigation into financial risk‑taking using eye‑tracking
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作者 Filip‑Mihai Toma Cosmin‑Octavian Cepoi +1 位作者 Matei Nicolae Kubinschi Makoto Miyakoshi 《Financial Innovation》 2023年第1期750-776,共27页
Eye tracking can facilitate understanding irrational decision-making in contexts such as financial risk-taking.For this purpose,we develop an experimental framework in which participants trade a risky asset in a simul... Eye tracking can facilitate understanding irrational decision-making in contexts such as financial risk-taking.For this purpose,we develop an experimental framework in which participants trade a risky asset in a simulated bubble market to maximize individual returns while their eye movements are recorded.Returns are sensitive to eye movement dynamics,depending on the presented visual stimuli.Using eye-tracking data,we investigated the effects of arousal,attention,and disengagement on individual payoffs using linear and nonlinear approaches.By estimating a nonlinear model using attention as a threshold variable,our results suggest that arousal positively influences trading returns,but its effect becomes smaller when attention exceeds a certain threshold,whereas disengagement has a higher negative impact on reduced attention levels and becomes almost irrelevant when attention increases.Hence,we provide a neurobehavioral metric as a function of attention that predicts financial gains in boomand-bust scenarios.This study serves as a proof-of-concept for developing future psychometric measures to enhance decision-making. 展开更多
关键词 Financial bubble Experiment risk-taking EYE-TRACKING ATTENTION AROUSAL
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Entrepreneurial Orientation and Innovation Ecosystems in the Industrial Sector, Central Region, Kampala, Uganda: A Review
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作者 Serunjoji Ismah 《Open Journal of Applied Sciences》 2023年第12期2447-2460,共14页
This review explores entrepreneurial orientation and innovation ecosystems in the industrial sector of the Central Region, Kampala, Uganda, through an analysis of ten scholarly articles. The study contextualizes the r... This review explores entrepreneurial orientation and innovation ecosystems in the industrial sector of the Central Region, Kampala, Uganda, through an analysis of ten scholarly articles. The study contextualizes the research within the regional landscape and establishes a theoretical framework through a focused literature review. Key findings highlight the intersection of entrepreneurial activities and innovation dynamics, emphasizing the region’s unique contributions to the broader field. Discussions on discrepancies and unexplored territories within the articles offer insights into limitations and research gaps. The manuscript concludes by identifying future research avenues, providing a roadmap for ongoing inquiry into the entrepreneurial and innovative dimensions of the Central Region’s industrial sector. This synthesis underscores the importance of cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset and collaborative innovation strategies for sustainable industrial development in the region. 展开更多
关键词 Entrepreneurial Orientation Innovation Ecosystems Industrial Sector Central Region Kampala Uganda Mixed Methods Collaborative Networks Proactiveness risk-taking Competitive Aggressiveness
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The Future Prospect for the Evolution of Islamic Banking in Turkey
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作者 GUN Lamiha 《Chinese Business Review》 2012年第6期511-521,共11页
In Turkey, banks having "Islamic" features that are long neglected have experienced strong business growth since 2003 that is just after the date of a moderate Islamic party which emerged victorious in parliamentary... In Turkey, banks having "Islamic" features that are long neglected have experienced strong business growth since 2003 that is just after the date of a moderate Islamic party which emerged victorious in parliamentary elections. While Turkey has only four "Islamic" banks, they capture more than 4% market share. The purpose of this research is to analyze the mechanisms that have allowed such a growth between 2002 (just after the financial crisis in 2001) and 2009, by comparing the results of activities of these four Islamic banks and find out possible opportunities that might exist in this sector. The results indicate that these institutions have a respectively higher risk-taking and internationally more fair open policy than the banks known as "conventional". While Bank Asya (the market leader of the participatory banks in Turkey) and Albaraka Turk capture the individual customers, the other two institutions that are TurkiyeFinans and Kuveyt Turk capture the commercial customers. In addition, the development of these institutions seems to be very difficult because of the lack of Turkish Sukuk in Turkish banking context having no adequate liquidity. Moreover, in its political context, leading actors in Turkish political and economic structure reject utterly the existence of Sharia Board. In fact, it is clear that the Turkish banking sector is an untapped potential market that could be easily converted into an opportunity by improving the regulatory framework and communication strategy for these institutions. Indeed, since the controversy still exists around the concept of secularism, which is an impediment to the development of these banks called "Islamic" in Turkey, there is a necessity for a communication strategy to break down prejudices and to become popular for Islamic finance sector, which is still known very poorly and superficially by general public in Turkey. 展开更多
关键词 Islamic banking participation banks Turkish Sukuk Sharia Board risk-taking
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Description of socioeconomic and demographic profile of young women vulnerable to infection by human papillomavirus and risk behavior in a school in Rio de Janeiro
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作者 M.C. de Melo Pessanha Carvalho Ana Beatriz Azevedo Queiroz Maria Aparecida Vasconcelos Moura 《Health》 2013年第11期1829-1834,共6页
Background: HPV is one of the main sexually transmitted diseases, especially among the female population. This is an important etiologic agent for the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cance... Background: HPV is one of the main sexually transmitted diseases, especially among the female population. This is an important etiologic agent for the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. It is considered a public health problem, since young women are the most vulnerable group to this virus. Therefore, it is important that the socioeconomic and demographic profile of these women and their risk behaviors are known, so that it is possible to contribute in reducing infection occurrences in the studied population. Objectives: To describe the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and investigate the behavioral sexual-affective aspects of risk of adolescents and young students from Rio de Janeiro/Brazil when tackling HPV infection. Methods: A group composed by 128 individuals susceptible to HPV—classified as adolescent women and young women who are students at a high school in one unity of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The studied period was from May to November. A quantitative descriptive approach was used, in which data were highlighted in variables, divided into economic, demographic and behavioral characteristics. Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and organized by descriptive statistics performed by simple frequency (%). Results: The age range of the young women who have the possibility of being infected with HPV was from 15 to 25. The focused family income among these young women was up to 2 minimum wages. The risk behavior detected in 37.5% of adolescent women and in 43.8% of young women is that these women never used condoms in sexual intercourse. Conclusion: The research showed that the studied women are vulnerable due to risk behavior practices that may lead to the virus acquisition. More focuses on educational actions of preventive measures regarding HPV infection should be emphasized, favoring a lower incidence of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer. 展开更多
关键词 Women’s Health HPV risk-taking
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Defining the Entrepreneurial Capital Construct
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作者 Paola Demartini Paola Paoloni 《Chinese Business Review》 2014年第11期668-680,共13页
The purpose of this paper is to show preliminary results from an international research project on intellectual capital and value creation led by Lappeenranta University of Technology (Finland). In the case of this ... The purpose of this paper is to show preliminary results from an international research project on intellectual capital and value creation led by Lappeenranta University of Technology (Finland). In the case of this paper, results from Italy will be reported and specifically. The Italian analysis focuses on the entrepreneurial capital (EC) and it analyses how large Italian companies develop and enhance this intangible element. The main research question is: What is the current level of EC in Italian organizations and how does it affect value creation.'? To this end, the research addressed the different definitions of EC that literature offers. As a secondary step, this paper analysed the variables suggested by previous literature and proposed an original definition for the research project. The definition is that EC is a stock of competences and the personnels' attributes related to proactive, risky, and aggressive decision-making and behaviour. This research provides researchers and managers with unique insights into the evolutionary nature of the relationships between distinct 1C variables and draws a picture on the state of art of corporate EC in the selected sample. This research highlights and improves companies' abilities to manage their EC. Furthermore, this research will set the agenda for improving the EC practices of Italian companies and will allow future comparison with firms from other countries that are participating in the same project identifying different pathways to success. 展开更多
关键词 entrepreneurial capital (EC) risk-taking proactiveness and autonomy AGGRESSIVENESS
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Non-actual controllers and corporate innovation:Evidence from China 被引量:4
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作者 Shanzhong Du Lianfu Ma 《China Journal of Accounting Research》 2022年第3期110-134,共25页
As the number of“ownerless”enterprises in China’s capital market increases,so does the importance of paying attention to their behavior.From the perspective of enterprises’control rights allocation,we find that no... As the number of“ownerless”enterprises in China’s capital market increases,so does the importance of paying attention to their behavior.From the perspective of enterprises’control rights allocation,we find that non-actual controllers can inhibit corporate innovation by intensifying agency conflicts,reducing corporate risk-taking and strengthening financing constraints.We also find that a larger proportion of independent directors,higher audit quality,greater managerial ownership and less environmental uncertainty weaken the negative effect of non-actual controllers on corporate innovation.In contrast,multiple large shareholders strengthen the inhibitory effect of nonactual controllers on corporate innovation,but this inhibitory effect comes from over-supervision rather than from collusion.We further divide nonactual controllers into real and hidden types and find that real non-actual controllers still have a significant inhibitory effect on corporate innovation.Finally,we rule out the competitive explanation of equity dispersion,whereby non-actual controllers inhibit corporate innovation.This study enriches the literature on the factors influencing corporate innovation and provides evidence of the adverse impact of non-actual controllers. 展开更多
关键词 Non-actual controller Corporate innovation Agency cost Corporate risk-taking Financing constraint
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Balancing past and present: how experience influences boldness over time in Eurasian perch 被引量:1
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作者 Gustav HELLSTROM Carin MAGNHAGEN 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第2期159-164,共6页
Adapting to fluctuating predation conditions is a challenge for prey. By learning through experi- ence, animals may adjust their anti-predator behavior to better reflect current predation risk. Although many studies s... Adapting to fluctuating predation conditions is a challenge for prey. By learning through experi- ence, animals may adjust their anti-predator behavior to better reflect current predation risk. Although many studies show experience of predation to alter prey behavior, little is known about how prey rely on such experience over time. By comparing boldness over different temporal scales between individuals of Eurasian perch, either experienced or naive of predators, we examine how risk is traded based on past and present experience. Differences in predator exposure during the first year of life were found to lead to differences in risk-taking behavior, even after the perch been kept in a predator-free environment for 9 months. However, the response to a potential predator was quickly readjusted after increased experience of current conditions. The results highlight how prey have to balance past experiences of predators against current threat levels. 展开更多
关键词 behavior FISH learning PERSONALITY PREDATION risk-taking.
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Examining export trade and corporate innovation:A multiphase difference-in-differences method
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作者 Donghua Zhou Jianfei Peng Xue Gao 《China Journal of Accounting Research》 2021年第2期207-230,共24页
Using a multiphase difference-in-differences model, this study investigates the relationship between export trade and the corporate technological innovation of listed companies. It reveals that engaging in export trad... Using a multiphase difference-in-differences model, this study investigates the relationship between export trade and the corporate technological innovation of listed companies. It reveals that engaging in export trade increases corporate innovation input and output. In terms of patent output, export trade greatly promotes the output of invention patents and utility model patents with a high technological content. These conclusions remain valid after a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. Regarding the mechanisms of the observed relationships, export trade stimulates corporate technological innovation mainly by realizing economies of scale and increasing risk-taking. The positive correlation between export trade and corporate technological innovation is strongest among state-owned enterprises, non-high-tech enterprises, enterprises based in central and eastern China, enterprises engaged in general trade, and enterprises exporting to developed economies. Given the growing trade frictions ongoing at the time of writing, the conclusions of this study provide vital practical guidance and empirical evidence for a national strategy of innovation-driven development. 展开更多
关键词 Export trade Technological innovation Economies of scale risk-taking
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