基于River 2D模型的黄河花园口河段生态流量研究

针对目前生态流量研究方法难以充分考虑鱼类栖息地等生境因素的问题,以黄河花园口鲤鱼核心保护区为研究区域,选取黄河鲤鱼为研究物种,基于耦合水动力学模型和栖息地模型的River 2D模型确定黄河鲤鱼的生态流量,将水深和流速作为鱼类生存保护的限定性因子,采用栖息地模型模拟不同流量下对应的黄河鲤鱼的适宜栖息地面积。计算结果表明:花园口河段鲤鱼产卵期的最小生态流量为230 m^(3)/s,生长期的最小生态流量为430 m^(3)/s,越冬期的最小生态流量为150 m^(3)/s。计算结果可以为花园口核心鱼类保护区的鱼类保护以及黄河小浪底水库的生态调度提供参考。

Migration patterns and habitat use of the tapertail anchovy Coilia mystus in the Oujiang River Estuary and the Zhujiang River Estuary, China

Habitat use of the tapertail anchovy(Coilia mystus Linnaeus, 1758) from the Oujiang River Estuary and the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary was studied by examining the environmental signatures of Sr and Ca in otoliths using electron probe microanalysis. Individuals from the Oujiang River had higher and varied Sr:Ca ratios(expressed as(Sr:Ca)×1 000, 3.83–13.0 average) in the otolith core regions, suggesting that they were born in brackish or sea waters, and that a freshwater habitat might not be necessary for egg hatching and larval growth.While, individuals from the Zhujiang River had lower Sr:Ca ratios(0.39–2.51 average) in the core regions,suggesting a freshwater origin. After hatching, anchovies from the Zhujiang River migrate downstream to the river estuary close to brackish water. Our results demonstrated varied habitat use for spawning during stages of early life history between the two populations, and suggested that such variations are promoting diversity of life history strategies of this species.

Unravelling habitat use of Coilia nasus from the Rokkaku River and Chikugo River estuaries of Japan by otolith strontium and calcium

The migratory history of the engraulid fish Coilia nasus in the Rokkaku and Chikugo River estuaries of the Ariake Sea, Japan was assessed using otolith strontium（Sr） X-ray intensity maps and strontium：calcium（Sr：Ca） ratio life history transects by an electron probe microanalyzer（EPMA）. The results showed that seven of the ten specimens from the Rokkaku River Estuary（LJC） and all 15 specimens collected in the Chikugo River Estuary（ZHC） had low Sr：Ca ratios（≤3） at the central otolith area, indicating their riverine origin and initial freshwater residence. After the first regime shift adjacent to natal regions, the Sr level mapping displayed a wide variety of color patterns, and the Sr：Ca ratios obtained by the line transect analysis could be divided into one to six significantly different phases indicative of gradual life history transition. The other three specimens from the Rokkaku River Estuary had high Sr：Ca ratios（3–6.7） at the central otolith area but showed alternating changes between low and high values outside the natal region, suggesting that estuarine-origin individuals occurred in the Rokkaku River Estuary. The two-dimensional maps of the Sr level and average of the otolith Sr：Ca ratios along the life-history transects could be used as effective tools for reconstruction of past habitat use of the tapertail anchovy in estuaries of the Ariake Sea, Japan.

Assessing the benthic habitat quality in the Huanghe(Yellow River) Estuary and its adjacent areas using AMBI and M-AMBI

The protection of the biological diversity and the maintenance of the regional ecological integrity for the Huanghe （Yellow River） Estuary and its adjacent areas are practically significant and valuable. However, frequent human activities and natural climate changes have caused vigorous disturbances on the ecosystem in these sea areas. An objective assessment on the benthic habitat quality （BHQ） of the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent areas is conducted, using AZTI＇s Marine Biotic Index （AMBI） and multivariate AMBI （M-AMBI） based on the data of macrobenthos in May and August 2011. The results show that both the indices do not correlate significantly, and their assessment results are greatly different. All of the samples assessed using the AMBI were ＂high＂ or ＂good＂, because the ecological group I （EGI） and the ecological group II （EGII） were dominant macrobenthic ecological groups in the research area. Owing to a low species＇ richness and a high individual abundance in some samples, the BHQ levels using the M-AMBI were worse than those of the AMBI. Significant correlations are observed between the M-AMBI, water depth, bottom water salinity and dissolved inorganic nitrogen, thus the M-AMBI could sensitively respond to environmental changes and distinguish influences from uninfluenced stations, but the AMBI could not. The consistent results between the AMBI and the M-AMBI mainly appeared in the uninfluenced （undisturbed or slightly disturbed） sta- tions. Therefore, the M-AMBI is more effective than the AMBI in assessing the benthic habitat quality in the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent areas. Using the M-AMBI to assess the BHQ of the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent areas, the results show that 3% of the stations are undisturbed and the BHQs are ＂high＂, and 61% of the stations are slightly disturbed and those of the BHQ are ＂good＂, and the rest are meanly disturbed and those of the BHQ are ＂moderate＂.

Pre- and Post-Construction Assessment of Nutrient Concentrations at Shallow Water Habitat Restoration Sites on the Lower Missouri River

Loss of shallow water habitat (SWH) is hypothesized as a factor contributing to the decline of native Missouri River fishes, including the endangered pallid sturgeon. As a result, the restoration of SWH is a high priority in this large river system. Restoration activities often include constructing side channel chutes;however, limited information exists on the potential negative, unintended effects of chute construction activities on water quality. This study was designed to better understand the possible effects of chute construction, both initially and as chute development continues, on Missouri River nutrient concentrations. Our first objective was to determine if the addition of sediment from proposed chute locations to river water samples (i.e., elutriate samples) increased nutrient concentrations relative to water-only river samples collected just upstream of the proposed chute locations or river water samples collected from eight long-term water quality monitoring stations. Our second objective was to determine if nutrient concentrations of river samples monitored during 2009 and 2010 increased after water passed through previously-constructed chutes. Nutrient concentrations of elutriate samples were not significantly higher than river water samples collected just upstream of the proposed chute locations;the same was true for Missouri River water samples collected from seven of eight long-term water quality monitoring stations. Furthermore, monitoring of nutrient concentrations collected from water samples at the outlet of previously-constructed chutes were not significantly higher than water samples collected at the upstream inlet of these chutes. Our results suggest that individual SWH chute construction projects designed to restore some of the natural form and function of the Missouri River are unlikely to significantly increase Missouri Rivernutrient concentrations initially or as these chutes continue to develop.

Population dynamics and habitat use of the Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin, Tibet, China

Background:The Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis)is an internationally threatened crane living on the plateau, mainly in winter, in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin in Tibet,western China. In the past five years,some economic development projects have been conducted in this area,posing potential threats to the wintering populations of the cranes and their habitats. Therefore, the current population dynamics of wintering Black-necked Cranes and habitat suitability in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin were investigated. Methods: Twenty counties were surveyed using the line transect method in December 2017 and January 2018, and we recorded the location,flock size,number of individuals,habitat types and presence of human disturbance in which they occurred.We compared the results from the middle wintering period in this survey with those from 2014. Results: The highest number of cranes recorded was 8291,and the results showed that the cranes were mainly distributed in Lhaze, Namling, Samzhubze, and Lhunzub.A total of 577 and 495 flocks were recorded in the early and middle wintering periods, respectively. In the early wintering period,there were signi ficant differences in the number of individuals across the di fferent habitats,with crop stubble land and plowed land representing more than 30% of the total habitat utilization.In the middle wintering period, there were also signi ficant differences in the number of individuals, and the utilization of crop stubble land represented over 60% of the total. Conclusions: Wintering Black-necked Cranes mainly fed on spilled grains in stubble habitat after harvest. In the middle wintering period, some of the farmlands were plowed and irrigated,which resulted in food shortages in these areas,and the cranes tended to gather in mixed flocks of large size instead of as a single family.There were still considerable regional wintering populations decreases in Quxu,Nedong,and Sakya in 2018 compared with 2014,and these decreases were mainly due to some recently emerging threats,including farmlands being converted into areas of greenhouse cultivation,highway and railway construction, river dredging,the rapid development of the manufacturing and mining industries,and the lack of protection of important wintering sites.

Integrated assessment of river health based on water quality, aquatic life and physical habitat

The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis （CA） for water quality indices, it revealed that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream. The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates. The result showed that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity （B-IBI） were degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating. Physiochemical parameters, BODs, CODcr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score. A comprehensive integrated assessing system of fiver ecological health was established. Based on the systimetic assessment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 ＂healthy＂ and ＂sub-healthy＂ sites and 8 ＂sub-sick＂ and ＂sick＂ sites.

基于卫星跟踪的黄河三角洲东方白鹳适宜栖息地分布预测

【目的】根据黄河三角洲东方白鹳卫星跟踪位点,预测其在全国范围内夏季和冬季适宜栖息地分布,以期为东方白鹳的协同保护提供科学依据。【方法】利用2016—2022年山东黄河三角洲80只东方白鹳卫星跟踪数据,通过空间自相关分析筛选出夏季5283个点位,冬季4730个点位,使用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)预测黄河三角洲东方白鹳夏季与冬季潜在适宜栖息地分布,并划分适宜等级。【结果】1)MaxEnt模型预测夏季和冬季AUC值分别为0.866和0.838,结果准确性好。2)海拔、等温性、距河湖距离、平均气温日较差、降水量季节性以及土地利用类型是影响黄河三角洲东方白鹳夏季与冬季分布的关键环境因素。3)黄河三角洲东方白鹳夏季栖息地高适宜区面积为14.75×10^(4)km^(2)(占适宜区总面积的13.01%),主要位于松嫩平原(57.52%)、渤海湾(17.56%)、辽河平原(14.94%)等地区;栖息地类型包括湿地(35.30%)、农田(33.74%)和水域(12.43%)等。4)冬季栖息地高适宜区面积为11.63×10^(4)km^(2)(占适宜区总面积的11.62%),主要位于长江中下游平原(49.02%)、淮河流域江苏洪泽湖(23.75%)、渤海湾(11.52%)等地区;栖息地类型主要包括湿地(40.56%)、农田(29.68%)和水域(18.45%)等。(5)夏季与冬季栖息地高适宜区的重叠面积为2.13×10^(4)km^(2)(占总重叠面积的4.11%),主要分布在渤海湾(59.81%)、山东半岛沿海(23.24%)、江苏东部沿海(9.34%)等区域。【结论】夏季适宜栖息地向北扩到东北松嫩平原、三江平原和辽河平原,该结果打破了东方白鹳出生后扩散的传统认知,建议加强该物种的协同保护。

基于土地利用变化的湖南长江岸线生境质量评价

岸线是长江湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,研究其土地利用变化及其生境质量时空响应对长江岸线生态保护和土地资源可持续利用具有重要意义。本文以1990、2000、2010、2020年4期土地利用数据为基础,采用生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs,InVEST)模型,研究了湖南长江岸线30年来土地利用变化及生境质量时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)1990—2020年湖南长江岸线土地利用格局发生了明显变化,草地、建设用地、未利用土地面积持续增加,占比分别增加了3.69%、0.81%和0.56%,耕地和水域面积持续减小,占比分别降低了2.46%和1.88%。(2)1990—2020年湖南长江岸线生境质量均值为0.8075,其中1990—2010年生境质量呈下降趋势,2010年后生境质量明显提高。生境质量空间分布表现为长江干线到防洪大堤逐渐降低。(3)生境质量等级以“优”和“良好”为主。相较于1990年,2020年生境质量“优”等级和“良好”等级面积占比共减少了0.25%。(4)土地利用转化产生的负面影响大于正面影响,土地利用转化导致生态环境退化和改善的土地利用变化贡献指数(land use change contribution index,CI)分别为-1.8151和0.9569,其中草地、水域转为耕地和建设用地是造成研究区生境质量下降的主要原因。该研究有助于进一步了解长江岸线土地利用变化与生境质量之间的关系,可为长江经济带生态保护和可持续发展提供科学支撑。

小浪底水库运行下花园口河段黄河鲤生态流量研究

【目的】大坝和水库等水利工程的修建在带来防洪减灾效益的同时,也给所在区域的水生生物栖息繁衍带来了一定影响,诊断关键水生生物的生态流量对大坝下游的生态环境修复工作具有重要意义。【方法】以黄河下游花园口河段为例,探讨了小浪底水库运行下不同流量情景下的黄河鲤栖息地质量情况,并由此推求黄河鲤的生态流量。基于栖息地模拟法,通过构建耦合栖息地适宜度模型的二维水动力模型,分析了黄河鲤鱼苗期、亲鱼期的栖息地适宜度指数空间分布,分别建立了黄河鲤两个生命阶段流量与栖息地加权可用面积关系曲线。【结果】结果表明:随着模拟流量的增大,黄河鲤不同生命阶段的栖息地适宜度指数空间分布及栖息地加权可用面积呈现先增加,达到峰值后逐渐减小的变化规律。【结论】黄河下游花园口河段的最小生态流量为1 150 m~3/s,适宜生态流量为1 450 m~3/s,最适宜生态流量为3 000 m~3/s,研究成果加深了对大流量情景下黄河鲤栖息地质量的认识,对黄河下游生态保护与修复具有重要意义。

基于耳石微化学的大洋河刀鲚生境履历研究

为探明大洋河刀鲚(Coilia nasus)的“生境履历”,利用电子探针微区分析技术(EPMA)对2020年7月和9月采自大洋河下游水域20尾刀鲚的矢耳石进行了锶(Sr)和钙(Ca)的微化学分析研究。定量线分析结果显示,刀鲚样本均为淡水起源,淡水生境Sr/Ca比值在(1.49±0.61—2.75±0.53),淡水系数(Fc)在(0.08—0.52),淡水区域径长在(150—900μm)。进入第二变化阶段后“生境履历”波动显著,Sr/Ca比值变化可将大洋河刀鲚分为3种模式,第一种是中高值区(半咸水或海水)越冬,繁殖季溯河洄游至低值区(淡水);第二种是长期栖息于中高值区,无溯河洄游现象;第三种是在中高值区和低值区多次转换,DYH 05、19个体最高完成9次转换。Sr面分析结果也与上述Sr/Ca比值结果相同。这三种模式直观地反映出大洋河刀鲚群体“生境履历”的多样性特点。

黄河流域典型县域生境质量的时空分异特征及影响因素研究

通过探索黄河流域山东段县域生境质量时空分异特征与影响因素,以便从县域尺度为地方生态环境保护与社会经济高质量发展提供政策建议。基于2000、2010和2020年3期土地利用数据,采用InVEST模型解析生境质量的时空分布格局与演变特征,结合空间自相关模型对其空间分异特征进行探测,并采用地理加权回归(GWR)模型分析社会、经济与自然影响因素在空间维度上对生境质量的影响。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年,黄河流域山东段平均生境质量指数为0.448,空间上表现出中段、上段低和下段高的分布格局,生境质量整体呈先快速下降后缓慢下降趋势,中段生境质量下降趋势最为显著;(2)生境质量变化在空间分布上呈显著集聚性特征,会受到邻近区域的影响,且总体集聚态势不断增强,高-高型集聚区面积明显大于低-低型集聚区,在流域下段范围连片分布;(3)土地开发强度是影响生境质量时空分布的首要因素,城市化水平、人口密度和NDVI对生境质量有重要影响,社会、经济和自然因素共同影响生境质量时空变化,GWR回归分析结果表明生境质量具有空间差异性。识别这些时空差异对推动该区域生态高质量发展具有重要意义。

2000—2040年黄河流域(河南段)生境质量时空格局演变及驱动力分析

实现经济发展与生态保护的共赢是一个世界性难题。随着经济社会的发展,人类活动强度对区域生境质量产生不同程度的影响,在欠发达地区这种影响往往是负面的,因此实现人口稠密的欠发达地区经济发展与生境保护相结合具有重要意义。以黄河流域(河南段)为例,基于InVEST模型生境质量模块与PLUS模型对该区域2000—2021年(历史时期)生境质量时空演变特征进行分析,并以5年为步长对2025年、2030年、2035年和2040年的生境质量进行模拟。研究结果表明:(1)历史时期研究区生境质量均值下降了0.05,呈下降趋势,生境质量高值区集中分布在研究区西南和西北部的山地,呈西高东低的分布格局。(2)历史时期研究区44.74%区域生境质量显著下降,下降区域分布在城乡建设和道路扩张用地区域,西部山区此趋势最为突出。33.81%区域生境质量显著上升,上升区域分布在东部耕地区域和西部林地。研究区生境破碎化趋势加强,海拔与植被等自然要素对区域生境质量水平影响显著,与生境质量水平正相关。(3)2025—2040年不同土地利用情景下的未来生境质量格局差异明显,生态保护情境下生境质量水平呈上升趋势,耕地保护情景下生境质量均值稳定中呈现小幅度提升,城市发展情景下生境质量均值呈现明显下降趋势,不同发展情景下人类活动对区域生境质量影响显著。本研究有助于进一步了解区域生境质量的发展趋势与对土地利用变化的响应。

山地城市崖壁景观特征及保护利用策略——以重庆两江四岸区域为例

【目的】崖壁作为山地城市重要的地域性景观之一,在城市意象、社会生活和相关城市职能中发挥着重要作用。新时代背景下,崖壁景观的地位和角色也逐渐发生变化。崖壁景观的可持续发展于城市及其本身都具有重要意义,然而目前关于崖壁景观的系统性认知比较匮乏。【方法】以崖壁景观分布集中的重庆两江四岸区域为例,综合运用实地调查、史料梳理、ArcGIS空间分析等手段对山地城市崖壁景观特征及保护利用途径进行深入调查和讨论。【结果】两江四岸区域崖壁景观在总体空间分布上呈现依附山形地势与滨江临水两大特征;在空间形态上可划分为自然崖壁、人工介入崖壁,人工崖壁3种类型,自然崖壁生境类型丰富多样,人工介入崖壁和人工崖壁则相对单一;崖壁景观提供了多元复合的功能空间,是重要的人文景观载体。【结论】从崖壁空间功能转型、周边资源整合利用和自然生境保育3个方面提出崖壁景观的可持续发展策略,为山地城市崖壁景观的保护和开发利用提供参考。

潦灌区段河流生境调查分析及评价模型构建

为构建灌区河流生境评价指标体系及应用模型,论文以江西省西北部潦河灌区段河流为研究范围,在灌区水环境及河岸生境调查分析的基础上,基于文献计量及层次分析法筛选了区段河流生境质量评价体系,并计算了河流生境质量指数及生境退化指数。结果表明,河流水质、河岸带植被、经济结构、土地利用、河床底质等指标存在空间上统计学意义。32个调查河段生境值在1.37~3.92之间,均值为2.54,其中25%的河段生境质量为优,28.13%为中,21.88%为较差。整体上上游区段好于中游区段,然后是下游区段;其中靖安区段>奉新区段>安义区段;乡野区>农用区>乡村区>城镇区。河流生境退化指数表明31.25%的河段受到较明显的人类活动影响。河流生境质量与河流生境退化呈显著的负相关,2000-2020年期间灌区生境质量呈现先恶化后逐渐转好的趋势。人类活动对潦河灌区的影响程度正在逐渐增大,呈现出耕地、林地向建设用地和水域等转化的特点。

黄河流域特色保护类村庄种群分布动态与生境选择

基于种群生态学理论,将黄河流域971个国家级特色保护类村庄视作一个地理种群。综合GIS空间分析和数理统计方法,明晰这一种群的分布动态和生境选择特征,进而应用地理探测器对比揭示影响该种群分布的生态因子。结果表明:(1)黄河流域特色保护类村庄的分布密度随种群增长而大幅提高,分布模式随尺度变大由显著聚集转为不显著离散,分布格局随时间推移由多中心向单中心演化,但集聚中心一直位于河谷盆地;(2)黄河流域特色保护类村庄具有“聚中低山区、向阳坡斜坡、喜温暖湿润、近黄河干流”的偏好,趋向中等人口密度、经济欠发达地区分布,主要位于国道沿线30 km、省道沿线10 km、中心城市周边20~80 km、历史城镇周边60 km、旅游景区和文保单位周边20 km范围内;(3)影响特色保护类村庄种群分布的生态因子具有综合性、非等价性和限定性,在黄河流域以文保单位和海拔为主导。

基于水文-水力-生境分析的河道基本生态流量计算方法

针对现有河道基本生态流量计算方法无法兼顾结果准确和流程简约的问题,提出了一种综合水文频率、水力条件及生境需求的基本生态流量计算方法。选取流域控制断面进行径流还原,根据河道天然来水特性和水生生物需水特性划分水期,进行分期水文排频;利用水力学方法计算断面流量与平均水深和平均流速之间的关系;根据生态水深和生态流速等生境指标需求,综合分析得到不同水期下的河道基本生态流量。将该方法应用于浙江始丰溪流域基本生态流量计算,并将计算结果与Tennant法结果进行对比分析,结果表明:沙段水文站控制断面产卵育幼期的基本生态流量为16.0 m^(3)/s,一般用水期的基本生态流量为4.4 m^(3)/s,计算结果落在Tennant法的计算区间值中;本文提出的方法计算结果合理,可针对不同水期给出更为精准的基本生态流量。

基于景观格局指数的河流生境特征描述方法研究

以金沙江支流黑水河为研究对象,借助景观格局指数,筛选并建立描述生境特征的指标集,分析了黑水河苏家湾电站所处河段生境特征变化规律。研究结果表明:在不同工况下,生境斑块的时间和空间分布存在明显差异;主成分分析共提取出11个代表指标,从形状、聚集性、复杂性等方面描述了生境特征;筛选得到的生境指标集随流量变化存在4种不同的变化趋势,其中斑块占景观面积百分比、连接度、整体性和回旋半径加权面积指数与鱼类加权可用面积的变化显著相关。生境景观格局指数反映了鱼类生境斑块配置及其质量的变化,可为河流可持续发展和鱼类生境修复提供可靠的监测依据。

长江下游宁镇段江豚物理生境评价

长江江豚是中国长江中下游特有物种,近两次长江淡水豚生态考察中其种群数量出现止跌回升,但仍处于极度濒危状态。为进一步稳固江豚种群数量增长态势,维持优良生境成为开展后续相关保护措施的基础。然而,长江下游水文条件复杂,航道整治、岸线开发利用、十年禁渔等工程和管理措施可能对江豚生境造成影响。因此,开展长江下游江豚调查和生境评估具有重要意义。通过船只调查结合环境DNA监测,明晰了长江宁镇段江豚的种群分布、活动特征及主要活动区域的环境特征;综合水深、流速、岸线和饵料多种关键生境因子,构建了长江下游南京-镇江段江豚物理生境模型,模拟分析了江豚生境适宜度。结果表明,船只调查和环境DNA监测结果均显示出研究区域内江豚主要分布在南京保护区,非保护区次之,镇江保护区较少。其中江豚序列丰度在绿水湾公园点位最高,占比7.77%;基因拷贝数在烈山点位最多,达22.56拷贝数/mL。观察到江豚出现频率和丰度较高的点位均在模型中显示出较适宜的生境,耦合多种关键生境因子的模型可以较好的模拟江豚生境适宜性。总体来说,南京江段生境适宜度较高,范围较大。最后,针对南京下游深水航道工程下江豚生境保护,建议在后续航道整治工程中充分采用生态措施,以支撑长江大保护和长江经济带国家战略协同发展。

黄河干流生境质量评价研究

河流生境是河流生态系统中的重要组成部分,是维持河流健康的重要因素。为揭示黄河生境质量状况,于2021年和2022年5-7月对黄河源头至下游的26个干流河段开展河流生境现状调查与质量评价.选取河道和河岸10项生境指标开展综合评价.结果显示,黄河干流各河段生境质量综合得分H值介于79~153分,超过69%的河段生境质量介于90~120分,等级为中等.源区、上游、中游和下游生境未表现出显著的区域差异(p>0.05).10项生境指标中,大型木质残体分布在全河段得分最低,介于1~5分,水质状况、河道内人类活动强度、河岸带植被覆盖度和河岸土地利用类型等4项指标在不同区域表现出显著差异(p<0.05).主成分分析结果显示,影响黄河干流生境质量的主要因子有河岸土地利用类型、河道内人类活动强度、水质状况和河岸稳定性等.