Integrated assessment of river health based on water quality, aquatic life and physical habitat

The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis （CA） for water quality indices, it revealed that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream. The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates. The result showed that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity （B-IBI） were degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating. Physiochemical parameters, BODs, CODcr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score. A comprehensive integrated assessing system of fiver ecological health was established. Based on the systimetic assessment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 ＂healthy＂ and ＂sub-healthy＂ sites and 8 ＂sub-sick＂ and ＂sick＂ sites.

River Health Assessment Based on Fuzzy Matter-element Model

[Objective] The study aimed to assess the health state of rivers by using fuzzy matter-element model.[Method] Based on fuzzy matter-element analysis theory,the assessment model of river health was established,then a modified method to calculate the superior subordinate degree was put forward according to Hamming distance.Afterwards,a multi-level evaluation model,which contained the assessment indicators about hydrological features,ecological characteristics,environmental traits and service function,was set up based on this method above.Finally,the model was applied in the health assessment of Qinhuai River.[Result] The health state of Qinhuai River was at medium level.This assessment result was consistent with that of comprehensive index method,and it showed that the multi-level fuzzy matter-element model was effective in the assessment of river health.[Conclusion] The research provided an effective method to evaluate the state of river health.

Feasibility analysis of widely accepted indicators as key ones in river health assessment

Index systems on river health assessment are difficult for using in practice, due to the more complex and professional indicators adopted. In the paper, some key indicators which can be applied for river health assessment in general were selected, based on the analysis of 45 assessment index systems with 902 variables within around 150 published papers and documents in 1972–2010. According to the fields covered by the variables, they were divided into four groups： habitat condition, water environment, biotic status and water utilization. The adopted number and the accepted degrees in the above systems of each indicator were calculated after the variables were combined into the indicators, some of the widely accepted indicators which can reflect different aspects of river condition were selected as key indicators in candidate. Under the correlation analysis amongst the key indicators in candidate, 8 indicators were finally suggested as the key indicators for assessing river health, which were： coverage rate of riparian vegetation, reserved rate of wetland, river continuity, the changing rate of water flow, the ratio of reaching water quality standard, fish index of biotic integrity, the ratio of water utilization and land use.

Multi-scale evaluation of river health in Liao River Basin,China

Previous studies on river health evaluation mainly focused on characterizations at a river-corridor scale and ignored the complex interactions between the river ecosystem and other components of the river basin.Based on the consideration of the interactions among rivers,associated river basin and habitats,an assessment framework with multi-scale indicators was developed.An index system divided among these three scales to characterize the health of river ecosystems in China’s Liao River Basin was established.Set pair analysis was applied to integrate the multi-scale indicators and determine the health classes.The evaluation results indicated that the rivers in the western and eastern zones of the Liao River were classified as sick,and rivers in the main stream of the Liao and Huntai rivers were classified as unhealthy.An excessive level of disturbances,such as large pollution loads and dense construction of water conservation projects within the river basin,were the main causes of the river health deterioration.

Healthy Yellow River’s essence and indicators

River＇s healthy life is a description of their living conditions, and it is also a comprehensive assessment of river＇s functions and relations with the human society. Through analyzing the demands of human being and river ecosystem, the continuous flow, safe river channel for water and sediment transportation, good water quality, sustainable river ecosystem and water supply capacity are regarded as symbols of the healthy Yellow River. Minimum flow, maximum flood discharging capacity, bank-full discharge, transverse slope of floodplain, water quality degree, wetlands area, aquatic ecosystem, and water supply capacity, altogether eight quantitative indicators are set as symbols of healthy Yellow River, and their corresponding standards are determined based on the analysis with historical hydrological data and observed data of 1956-2004.

小区域尺度视角下的丽江市玉河健康特征研究

随着社会发展,工业化、城镇化进程不断加快,河湖生态问题日益突出且呈现更复杂的发展态势,进行河湖健康评价,开展河湖健康问题诊断,针对性地提出河湖生态系统精准治理、生态修复与保护等对策显的尤为迫切.结合丽江市典型河流玉河,以水域岸线状况、水量水质状况、生物状况、社会服务功能等4个准则层为重要抓手,构建11个指标层的河流健康评价体系,将玉河划分为农村段、城镇段、复合段3个小区域尺度进行综合评价,探讨了小区域尺度河流健康评价差异性特征,研究表明:玉河全河段、各分段均处于亚健康状态,玉河农村段、复合段、各城镇段岸线部分指标层、准则层间健康状况差异性显著,主要存在水资源禀赋差,生态流量小,底栖动物少,局部岸线状况较差的问题.

Heavy Metal Pollution Status and Health Risk Assessment in the Longjiang River

[Objectives] The purpose of this research was to investigate the water quality of the Longjiang River in Guangxi. Concentrations of heavy metals( As,Cd,Zn,Pb and Cu) in the surface water of Longjiang River were analyzed to figure out the distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollutants in this area. [Methods]The Nemerow comprehensive index method and the health risk assessment model were adopted to evaluate the grade of Longjiang River water quality and the health risk level imposed by heavy metals in the water. [Results] The concentrations of heavy metals in each sampling point conformed to Grade-II water quality standard. The water samples collected on 13 sampling points of the Longjiang River were clean and not polluted by heavy metals. The health risk values of heavy metals As and Zn were greater than Cd,Pb and Cu in the Longjiang River,but still lower than the maximum acceptable risk level 5. 0 × 10^(-5)a^(-1). [Conclusions]Water quality condition reflected by the comprehensive pollution index and the health risk value of heavy metal was consistent in the Longjiang River,showing as that the value in middle and lower reaches was slightly higher than in the upper reaches. As is the major pollutant of water environment health risk in the Longjiang River,and it should be regarded as the key object of water environment risk management in Longjiang River.

茅洲河健康评价分析

结合《河湖健康评价指南》《广东省河湖健康评价技术指引》,在深入开展茅洲河现场调研的基础上,对河岸自然状况、生态水量、水质、底泥状态、水生生物、鸟类以及公众满意度等17项指标进行现场采样、监测或调查,获得评价基础数据,确保了评价成果的客观、科学、合理。

《广东省河湖健康评价技术指引(2023年修订版)》解读

《广东省河湖健康评价技术指引(2023年修订版)》于2023年8月30日正式发布,为使河湖管理专业技术人员全面了解河湖健康评价内容,有侧重、有特点、高效率开展河湖健康评价工作,该文对指引修订背景、修订过程、问题查找、主要修订内容等进行了详细解读,旨在对广东省河湖健康评价工作起到一定的指导和借鉴作用,切实提高广东省河湖健康评价的工作质量和成果可靠性。

广东省河湖健康评价系统设计与实现

河湖健康评价是对河湖健康状况的综合诊断,是全面推行河湖长制的重要抓手。广东省河湖健康评价系统作为“广东智慧河长”三期工程的重要模块,以《广东省2021年河湖健康评价技术指引》为评价原理,以评价准确、操作简单、灵活应用为设计理念,具备河流分段评价、湖库分区评价、指标体系构建、指标数据填报、评价结果展示等功能,系统实现了河湖健康评价的全流程,以信息化技术赋能河湖健康管理业务,是技术驱动业务创新的应用举措,将为今后持续开展的健康评价工作提供重要支撑。

芜湖内河水环境重金属分布特征及健康风险评价

为明确芜湖内河水体中重金属健康危险程度,以芜湖内河为研究对象,选取芜湖3条典型城市河道设置采样断面,对样品中Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn这6种重金属进行测试分析,使用健康风险模型评价重金属对人体健康风险。水样分析结果表明:研究区重金属Mn、Ni超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)Ⅲ类水标准,Cr、Pb有部分点位超过Ⅲ类水标准。主成分分析结果表明:Cu、Ni、Mn和Zn由工业和生活源控制,Pb属于交通源因子,Cr是自然地质背景和人类活动因子。健康风险评价结果表明:6种重金属不存在非致癌风险,汇成河道和中山南路河道存在非致癌风险,直接摄入途径下,重金属Cr和Ni存在致癌风险。该研究结果可为芜湖城市内河水体重金属污染防治和居民生活安全用水提供措施和建议。

汾河流域地表水金属元素分布特征与健康风险评价

为研究汾河流域地表水中金属污染特征及其健康危害程度,本文采集汾河流域主要支流入河口及干流断面水样39组,检测As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg、Ni、Mn、Fe和Co共9种金属元素含量,利用多元统计分析法、水环境健康风险评价模型分析了流域地表水中金属元素分布特征及对成人与儿童产生的健康危害.结果表明,研究区主要超标元素为Hg、Fe和Mn,污染区主要分布于汾河干流中下游和支流.汾河干流上游Fe、Mn、Zn和Co变化幅度较大,中游、下游次之;各支流金属元素含量差异较大.多元统计分析显示,Hg和As主要来源于工业污染及农业污染等;Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Fe和Mn来源于工农业生产和交通运输.健康风险评价表明,汾河流域各河段健康总风险为汾河支流>汾河下游>汾河中游>汾河上游,汾河中下游和支流健康风险危害较大,健康风险均为中等;经饮用水途径造成的健康风险儿童是成人的1.15倍,儿童更易受到金属元素的危害;As为支流浍河和昌源河的主要致癌因子;各河段优先控制金属元素为As、Co、Pb、Fe和Hg.

基于PSR模型的城市河流湿地生态健康评价——以苏州市姑苏区为例

城市河流湿地的生态健康是城市生态可持续的重要基础。本研究以苏州市姑苏区河流湿地为研究对象,运用层次分析法与模糊综合评价法评价其河流湿地健康状况。结果表明:苏州市姑苏区河流湿地的生态健康状况处于“中等”等级,接近“亚健康”状态;准则层的排序权重为状态层指标>压力层指标>响应层指标,说明状态层指标能直观反映河流湿地的健康状态,其状态层的综合健康指数为0.658;各河段健康状态与其所对应的城市流域所承受的压力存在着密切联系,城市的建设强度和植被覆盖率因素对姑苏区河流湿地的健康状态具有显著影响。

西北江下游河流底栖动物群落健康评价

2020年12月在西北江下游河流设置11个采样点,调查底栖动物群落结构,应用底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)评价河流健康状况,并分析B-IBI值与环境因子的关系。结果表明,参照点位的B-IBI值在0.59~4.00之间,处于中等—优状态;受损点位的B-IBI值在0~0.82之间,处于很差—良好状态,其中较差和很差状态占比为87.5%。氨氮浓度与B-IBI值呈现极显著的负相关性,降低水污染负荷是促进底栖动物群落恢复健康的有效途径。在水质已经实现好转的基础上,可通过营造河底卵石生境来促进底栖动物群落恢复,同时也应加强河岸带的修复。

应用鱼类生物完整性指数评价黑水河河流健康状况

黑水河为金沙江下游一级支流,是白鹤滩库区干流鱼类的重要替代生境和优先保护支流,评价黑水河河流健康状况,可为黑水河鱼类栖息地生态修复提供数据支撑。2018年11月至2019年9月在黑水河23个采样点开展了4次鱼类资源调查,共采集到鱼类45(亚)种,隶属于4目10科33属。以黑水河河口、水文站上游和825回水点作为参照点,经过分布范围、判别能力及Pearson相关性分析等指标构建黑水河鱼类生物完整性指数(F-IBI)评价体系。使用1、3、5赋值法和比值法计算各采样点的IBI分值以评价各采样点健康状况,结果显示,1、3、5赋值法和比值法的结果虽不完全相同,但趋势是一致的。黑水河大部分采样点的健康状况处于“较差”和“一般”水平。相关性分析结果显示,F-IBI分值与海拔呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。丰度生物量比较曲线显示,黑水河鱼类群落结构整体上受到中度干扰。

金沙江上游主要支流着生藻类群落的空间格局及其影响因子

着生藻类是河流生态系统重要的初级生产者,在维持生态系统多样性、能量流动和物质传递中起关键作用。着生藻类对人为干扰和环境变化响应迅速,广泛应用于河流生物多样性监测和水环境质量评价。比较不同河流着生藻类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,有助于认识河流生物多样性的维持机制。为此,于2021年春季(5-6月)对金沙江上游主要支流色曲、赠曲、欧曲和藏曲的着生藻类多样性及河流环境进行了调查分析。结果显示,38个样点共鉴定出着生藻类3门34属91个分类单元,各采样点种类数均以硅藻门占比最高。各支流着生藻类密度范围为0.002×10^(5)~2.43×10^(5)cells/cm~2,生物量范围为0.3×10^(-3)~1.56 mg/cm^(2),各支流着生藻类密度和生物量无显著差异。不同支流优势种存在一定差异,色曲主要优势种为半丰鞘丝藻(Lyngbya semiplema)、眉藻未定种(Calothrixsp.)和微型舟形藻(Navicula minima)等;赠曲主要优势种为半丰鞘丝藻、纤细等片藻(Diatoma tenue)、和平片针杆藻(Synedra tabulata)等;欧曲主要优势种为半丰鞘丝藻、中型脆杆藻(Fragilaria intermedia)和胡斯特桥弯藻(Cymbella hustedtii)等;藏曲主要优势种为半丰鞘丝藻、希罗鞘丝藻(Lyngbya hieronymusii)和极小桥弯藻(Cymbella perpusilla)等。冗余分析显示,电导率、pH、河宽和溶解氧是影响金沙江上游着生藻类多样性的主要环境因子,表明环境过滤在金沙江上游着生藻类群落多样性的空间格局中起着一定的作用。本研究为金沙江上游河流生态系统的保护及水质管理提供了基础资料。

西辽河平原浅层地下水中“三氮”分布特征及健康风险评价

通过测试地下水样品中“三氮”含量,采用非致癌风险评价模型进行健康风险评价.结果表明,与《地下水质量标准》(GB14848-2017)限值对比,硝酸盐氮超标率8%,主要分布在研究区东南部及西南部区域;氨氮超标率10%,主要分布在中部及南部区域.地下水中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类水质占比83%;Ⅳ及Ⅴ类水水质占比17%.地下水样品中“三氮”总非致癌风险指数及总致癌性风险指数均低于美国环境保护署推荐的健康风险评价标准.整体上研究区“三氮”污染程度相对较轻,“三氮”污染区域主要分布于人类活动密集地区.健康风险评价可为地区地下水中“三氮”污染监控和治理提供技术参考.

基于CRITIC法的平陆运河内河段生境健康评价

广西平陆运河是珠西流域连接北部湾港的亿吨级水运交通大动脉,科学合理地评估平陆运河内河段生态健康状况,可以为水利及生态环境规划建设提供依据。作为监测水体健康状况和指导受损水生态修复和保护的重要手段,河流健康评价一直是研究重点,但缺少量化综合指标的研究。以大致涵盖了钦江和沙坪河两大流域的5个测样点为例,构建了平陆运河内河段生境健康量化评价体系。通过平陆运河河流健康为基准,分别从水生生物指标、水文指标、水质指标、河流形态指标4个准则层构建平陆运河内河段河流健康评价指标体系,确定13个评价指标。由于CRITIC权重法能够基于评价指标的对比强度和指标之间的冲突性来综合衡量指标的客观权重,明确地表征平陆运河内河段生境健康状态,将基于CRITIC权重法对平陆运河内河段的健康状态进行综合评价。研究结果表明:平陆运河内河段测样点中健康状态的点位有2个,亚健康状态的点位有3个,无一般、差、极差的点位,总体上平陆运河内河段生境健康状态整体处于健康状态。最后根据评分等级探讨了平陆运河建成后在水生生物指标、水文指标、水质指标、河流形态4个准则层方面分别有哪些变化与亟需解决的问题,针对性地提出了对平陆运河内河段生境修复的对策与建议。

综合多指标评价法在河流健康评价中的应用研究综述

为了解当前综合多指标评价法的研究进展和方向,补充评价指标筛选的原则与方法,概述了国内外综合多指标评价法在河流健康评价中的研究进展。首先,通过追溯国内外文献资料,从河流健康评价对象和评价方式的角度总结了综合多指标评价的概念和评估原理,并以云南省河长制关于河流健康评价的目标-准则-指标结构为例,说明河流健康评价的3个层次结构。其次,重点强调了综合多指标评价法目前的研究进展和指标选用的合理性。最后,就综合多指标评价法存在的问题进行分析,并提出相应的解决方法,为中国河流健康管理提供参考,为各地河长制的顺利推进提供科技支撑。

基于底栖动物生物完整性指数的黄河干流生态健康评价

黄河为世界上最长的多沙河流,全河段水沙异质性及其生态健康的空间差异明显。本文基于黄河干流全河段44个断面春秋两季(2019年)底栖动物的系统调查数据,构建黄河底栖动物生物完整性评价体系。该体系融入指示水沙过程变化的ASPT指数及EPT分类单元个体相对丰度,且参照点与受损点得分差异显著,适用于多沙河流生态健康评价。评价结果显示:黄河干流亚健康及以上状态的断面占比为秋季(75.0%)高于春季(54.5%);自源区沿河而下,底栖动物生物完整性指数值呈下降趋势;库区断面底栖动物生物完整性指数低于临近自然河段。回归分析表明,黄河干流底栖动物生物完整性指数与盐度、总氮、城镇及农田用地占比呈显著负相关,与林地及草地占比呈显著正相关。本研究结果可为黄河生态保护与管理提供科学依据。