Using modified Soil Conservation Service curve number method to simulate the role of forest in flood control in the upper reach of the Tingjiang River in China

To improve flood control efficiency and increase urban resilience to flooding,the impacts of forest type change on flood control in the upper reach of the Tingjiang River(URTR) were evaluated by a modified model based on the Soil Conservation Service curve number(SCS-CN) method. Parameters of the model were selected and determined according to the comprehensive analysis of model evaluation indexes. The first simulation of forest reconstruction scenario,namely a coniferous forest covering 59.35km^2 is replaced by a broad-leaved forest showed no significant impact on the flood reduction in the URTR. The second simulation was added with 61.75km^2 bamboo forest replaced by broad-leaved forest,the reduction of flood peak discharge and flood volume could be improved significantly. Specifically,flood peak discharge of 10-year return period event was reduced to 7-year event,and the reduction rate of small flood was 21%-28%. Moreover,the flood volume was reduced by 9%-14% and 18%-35% for moderate floods and small floods,respectively. The resultssuggest that the bamboo forest reconstruction is an effective control solution for small to moderate flood in the URTR,the effect of forest conversion on flood volume is increasingly reduced as the rainfall amount increases to more extreme magnitude. Using a hydrological model with scenarios analysis is an effective simulation approach in investigating the relationship between forest type change and flood control. This method would provide reliable support for flood control and disaster mitigation in mountainous cities.

New Challenges and Opportunities for Flood Control in the Huai River: Addressing a Changing River-Lake Relationship

This paper addresses the change of the river-lake relationship in the Huai River and its causes due to environmental change and human activities. A preliminary analysis is made from three aspects: (1) the natural geographical change particularly captured by the Yellow River, (2) water conservancy project construction, and (3) socioeconomic development in the Huai River Basin. Key problems of changes in this river-lake relationship and the Huai River flood control are tackled, involving flood control and disaster alleviation ability of the Basin, engineering and non-engineering measurements applied to flood control and disaster mitigation, and water governance for adaptive management. Research shows that the Huai River is a rather complex one due to its complex geography with a hybrid wet and dry climate zoon, and higher population density. With the alternation of the river-lake relationship and socioeconomic development in the region, new problems keep arising, imposing new requirements on its sustainable water management. Thus, understanding the Huai River is a long and gradually improving process. Its future planning should keep absorbing new achievements of science and technology development, employing new technologies and methods, and gradually deepening our understanding of its fundamental principles. Water governance and adaptive water management will be new challenges and opportunities for the Basin in its river system change and flood control.

Preliminary Study in Spatial Data Warehouse of Flood Control and Disaster Mitigation in Yangtze River Basin

Since 1990s,the spatial data warehouse technology has rapidly been developing, but due to the complexity of multi-dimensional analysis, extensive application of the spatial data warehouse technology is affected. In the light of the characteristics of the flood control and disaster mitigation in the Yangtze river basin, it is proposed to design a scheme about the subjects and data distribution of the spatial data warehouse of the flood control and disaster mitigation in Yangtze river basin, i.e., to adopt a distributed scheme. The creation and development of the spatial data warehouse of the flood control and disaster mitigation in Yangtze river basin is presented .The necessity and urgency of establishing the spatial data warehouse is expounded from the viewpoint of the present situation being short of available information for the flood control and disaster mitigation in Yangtze river basin.

A STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN RIVER REGULATION AND FLOOD CONTROL

Flood control is closely related to the rising level of the upstream. Thechange of the main current and the inshore current velocity is induced by thecompletion of the regulation work. Yet Flood Control Departments pay muchmore attention to the extent,the range and the law of the inshore current velocity increase,especially in the river reaches which have arduous tasks of floodcontrol. Flood Control Departments object to constructing regulation work sucnas groynes,because they have always thought regulation work may lead to theincrease in the inshore current velocity.This paper intends to expound on theinfluences of regulation work on the extent,range and law of the inshore current velocity through analyzing the data obtained from the scale model tests ofthe Jiepai Reach in the middle of the Yangtze River and also discuss the possi-bility of limiting increase of the inshore current velocity through properly ad-justing regulaton work,thus we can correct evaluation of the influence of theriver regulation

A new era of flood control strategies from the perspective of managing the 2020 Yangtze River flood

Flood control of the Yangtze River is an important part of China’s national water security.In July 2020,due to continuous heavy rainfall,the water levels along the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and major lakes constantly exceeded the warning levels,in which Taihu Lake exceeded its highest safety water level and some stations of Poyang Lake reached their highest water levels in its history.In August 2020,another huge flood occurred in the Minjiang River and the Jialing River in the upper Yangtze River,and some areas of Chongqing Municipality and other cities along the rivers were inundated,resulting in great pressure on flood control and high disaster losses.The 2020 Yangtze River flood has received extensive media coverage and raised concerns on the roles of the Three Gorges Dam and other large reservoirs in flood control.Here we analyze the changes in the pattern of the Yangtze River flood control by comparing the strategies to tackle the three heavy floods occurring in 1954,1998,and 2020.We propose that the overall strategy of the Yangtze River flood control in the new era should adhere to the principle of"Integration of storage and drainage over the entire Yangtze River Basin,with draining floods downstream as the first priority"by using both engineering and non-engineering measures.On the basis of embankments,the engineering measures should use the Three Gorges Dam and other large reservoirs as the major regulatory means,promote the construction of key flood detention areas,keep the floodways clear,and maintain the ecosystem services of wetlands and shoals.In terms of non-engineering measures,we should strengthen adaptive flood risk management under climate change,standardize the use of lands in flood detention areas,give space to floods,and promote the implementation of flood risk maps and flood insurance policies.The ultimate goal of this new flood control system is to enhance the adaptability to frequent floods and increase the resilience to extreme flood disasters.

The Effect of Geologic Structures on the Control of Floods in the Middle Yangtze River Valley

This paper discusses the role of geologic structures in the occurrence of floods and how to prevent flood in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and gives the author's suggestion that the Luoshan Qiakou be expanded and the land reclaimed from Dongting Lake be returned to the lake in compliance with the law of geology.

基于MIKE FLOOD的城市小流域内涝防治能力评估

文章以广州市鹤洞涌小流域为研究对象,基于MIKE FLOOD构建了水动力耦合模型,模拟不同重现期降雨条件下流域内涝情况,对城市内涝防治能力进行评估,提出治理方案。研究结果表明,降雨强度的增大会使城区低洼地的内涝风险加剧,通过城市竖向优化、区域海绵化改造、水务工程建设等措施,可有效提高区域内涝防治能力。耦合模型能较好的评估区域内涝防治能力,为城市治涝提供一定的参考。

基于MIKE HYDRO River模型的轨交交通施工期防汛安全影响论证

轨交交通施工期间,受车站结构设计、周边场地限制等因素影响,河道需要断流施工,断流会对区域的防洪除涝安全及水环境产生影响。本文以上海轨道交通13号线西延伸工程为例,构建一维河网水动力模型,分析排涝及引调水工况下水位及水质变化情况。结果表明,平原河网地区个别河道断流对于区域防洪除涝安全影响较小,会严重影响河道断流处的水环境;通过增设导流措施可以减轻断流的影响,为平原河网地区河道断流影响分析及措施制定提供依据。

Assessment of dam impacts on river flow regimes and water quality:a case study of the Huai River Basin in P.R.China

The Huai River Basin is a unique area in P.R.China with the highest densities of population and water projects.It is also subject to the most serious water pollution.We proposed a distributional SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model coupled with a water quality-quantity balance model to evaluate dam impacts on river flow regimes and water quality in the middle and upper reaches of the Huai River Basin.We calibrated and validated the SWAT model with data from 29 selected cross-sections in four typical years(1971,1981,1991 and 1999) and used scenario analysis to compensate for the unavailability of historical data regarding uninterrupted river flows before dam and floodgate construction,a problem of prediction for ungauged basins.The results indicate that dam and floodgate operations tended to reduce runoff,decrease peak value and shift peaking time.The contribution of water projects to river water quality deterioration in the concerned river system was between 0 to 40%,while pollutant discharge contributed to 60% to 100% of the water pollution.Pollution control should therefore be the key to the water quality rehabilitation in the Huai River Basin.

Torrential flood prevention in the Kolubara river basin

One of the most vulnerable parts to natural hazards in Serbia is Kolubara river basin. In the past, during the period from 1929 to 2013, 121 torrential flood events in the Kolubara river basin were recorded which show that this territory is extremely vulnerable to the torrential floods. The extreme event which occurred in May 2014 causing the catastrophic material damages and casualties was the latest and historical flood. The analysis of natural conditions in the Kolubara basin uniformly showed that this area is predisposed to a greater number of torrential floods due to its geomorphological, hydrological and land use properties. Torrential floods are closely related to the intensity and spatial distribution of erosive processes in the upper part of the Kolubara basin. The estimation of soil erosion potential is generally achieved by Erosion Potential Model(EPM). For the purposes of determining the degree of torrential properties in various water streams in the Kolubara basin, the calculation ofsusceptibility to torrential floods was assessed by Flash Flood Potential Index(FFPI). More than half of the basin area(57.2%) is located within the category of very weak and weak erosion(Z_(sr) = 0.35), but the category of medium erosion is geospatially very common. Such a distribution of medium erosion category provides conditions for generating, i.e. production of sediment which would boost torrential properties of water streams. After the classification of the obtained FFPI values it was determined that 25% of the Kolubara basin is very susceptible to torrents and this data should be seriously taken into consideration. Based on the analyses, the best and most successful manner of defence is prevention which consists of the integrated river basin management system(integrated torrent control system) so that technical works in hydrographic networks of torrents and biological and biotechnical works on the slope of the basin would be the best solution. Permanent control of erosive and torrential processes in the river basin will be not only important for flood control but it can also protect the existing and future water reservoirs and retentions fromsiltation with erosion sediment which is of great significance to the water management, agriculture, energy sector, and the entire society.

数字孪生永定河建设实践

数字孪生永定河建设是流域治理管理现代化的主要标志。围绕永定河生态修复与治理,构建数字孪生永定河,建设水利感知、数据底板、模型平台、知识平台、业务应用等内容,相关成果应用于永定河全年全线有水的生态水量调度与海河“23·7”流域性特大洪水的防洪调度,取得了初步成效。建议下一步从完善数据底板、完善防洪模型、提升防洪“四预”能力、提升水资源调度“四预”能力等方面加强数字孪生永定河建设,助力流域治理管理现代化。

北江流域“2022·6·22”暴雨洪水分析

2022年6月19日,北江流域发生“2022年第2号洪水”,为1915年以来最大的洪水。为提高对北江流域暴雨洪水特性的认识,采用定性与定量相结合的方法对该场洪水的雨水工情进行研究。分析暴雨中心、洪水量级、洪水传播时间等特征,并与历史暴雨洪水进行对比。借助种子蔓延算法比较“理想凑泄”和“经验控泄”调度方案的调控效果,同时考虑水库动库容效应进行调洪演算。结果表明:造成本次洪水灾害的主要原因是累计雨量大、降雨强度大以及暴雨区域集中;根据“理想凑泄”规则调度飞来峡水库取得了显著效果,但需要考虑水库动库容的影响。研究成果可为北江流域防洪减灾以及制定调度规则等提供支持。

新阶段完善海河流域防洪工程体系的思考

海河流域水系复杂,暴雨洪水集中,极易形成洪水灾害,防洪任务重。文章回顾了海河流域防洪工程体系建设成就,分析了京津冀协同发展、雄安新区建设等国家重大战略的实施以及水利高质量发展、应对气候变化对流域防洪减灾能力提出的新要求,结合“23·7”流域性特大洪水等近年来洪水防御情况,全面检视了流域防洪工程体系存在的突出短板和薄弱环节,提出了完善流域防洪工程体系的思路举措。

变化条件下长江下游地区防洪问题与韧性提升对策

长江下游地区圩区广布、城镇众多、水网稠密,汛期受长江上中游来水、长江口及沿海高潮和本地暴雨共同威胁。目前,该地区形成了以江河湖海堤防为基本屏障,以水库、湖泊和蓄滞洪区为洪涝调蓄空间,以长江及区域主要河道为洪涝行泄通道,各类闸站相配套的防洪治涝工程体系。但近年来长江流域大洪水事件表明,长江下游防洪工程薄弱环节仍然明显,蓄泄矛盾突出,空间统筹治理和工程协同调度不足,灾害风险预防管控存在盲区,同时还面临着气候水文和经济社会条件双重变化的复杂形势。为强化长江下游地区洪涝灾害风险集成调控、提升应对大洪水的韧性,需在稳固长江干流防洪屏障和行洪主通道的基础上,科学优化各水系洪涝蓄泄格局、加快补齐防洪基础设施短板、促进洪涝治理空间均衡协调、加强洪涝灾害风险管控预防、提升防洪管理智慧化水平。同时,还应针对长江下游地区重大防洪科技问题开展系统深入研究。

新阶段海河流域防洪重点内容与举措思路

海河流域水系复杂、暴雨洪水集中,极易形成洪涝灾害,防洪任务重。回顾了2008年海河流域防洪规划实施情况,分析了京津冀协同发展、雄安新区建设等国家重大战略的实施以及水利高质量发展、防灾减灾救灾新理念、应对气候变化对流域防洪减灾能力提出的新要求,全面梳理了本次防洪规划的重难点问题,提出了完善流域防洪体系的思路举措。

关于新一轮淮河流域防洪规划修编有关问题的思考

2009年国务院批复《淮河流域防洪规划》以来,通过加快实施治淮19项骨干工程、全力推进进一步治淮38项工程等建设,基本建立了与全面建成小康社会相适应的防洪除涝减灾体系,为流域经济社会发展、人民幸福安康提供了有力的防洪安全保障。当前,对标对表全面建设社会主义现代化国家和新阶段水利高质量发展要求,流域防洪减灾体系还存在一些突出问题和薄弱环节。重点围绕淮河中游分级设防及河道整治、淮河入江水道中下段扩大、洪泽湖周边滞洪区分区调整、沂沭泗河洪水东调南下提标等新一轮防洪规划修编难点热点问题,研究解决思路和治理方案,以期为新阶段淮河防洪治理提供有益参考。

变化条件下长江口防洪御潮及供水保障研究进展与展望

近一个世纪以来,全球气候变暖导致海平面持续上升,增加了整个长江口的水深,抬高了潮汐和风暴潮的基础水位,使得河口咸潮入侵,洪水和风暴潮发生的频率和强度增加。同时,由于长江流域水土保持和水库群建设,进入河口的泥沙量锐减,加剧了河口咸潮上溯,对区域人群生产生活产生一定影响。从全球气候变暖背景下长江口海平面上升和演变规律、长江口人类活动与气候变化影响下的动力要素变化、河口咸潮入侵时空分布和水盐交换机制及供水安全风险、海平面上升对海堤防洪御潮能力的影响、长江口地区防洪御潮韧性等5个方面总结归纳了现有研究成果,提出未来研究的方向,以期对保障河口地区水资源安全利用和防洪御潮能力提升提供参考。

黄河防汛抢险技术虚拟试验场构建技术研究

黄河防汛抢险技术试验场由“虚”“实”两部分组成,虚拟平台是实体试验场的数字孪生体。以建设黄河防汛抢险技术虚拟试验场为目标,依托总体布置方案对场地结构进行分解,针对7组模块化构件,通过实体尺寸参数驱动三维模型,同时根据附加材质对不同构件分别进行多边形建模和曲面建模;采用C4D等工具构建三维场景;采用光滑粒子流体动力学(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics,SPH)方法求解纳维—斯托克斯方程组,基于Realflow软件在蓄水池内生成流体粒子和网格,在时间、空间两个维度获取粒子水力要素;采用Octane render对三维场景和流体网格进行渲染。最终构建完成强真实感、高可信度的试验场虚拟场景。

治涝导向的平原河网地区海绵城市实施路径探索——以宿迁市国家海绵城市示范系统化实施方案为例

针对平原河网地区的排涝特征与问题,在梳理构建治涝片区排水格局的基础上分类提出了针对性的治涝策略。对于具有一定坡度。在多数时期可以实现自排的治涝片区,采用“上蓄+中分+下排”模式,分段缓解排涝压力,提高城区排涝标准对于整体地势低洼,在多数时期很难自排的治涝片区,采用“建闸营圩,蓄排并举”模式,将雨水排口分散建设小型雨水泵站的模式调整为片区排涝主干河道末端建设大型排涝泵站的模式,充分利用片区内部河网的输送和调蓄能力,增强城区应对暴雨的韧性。

黄河流域防洪形势与对策

在全球极端暴雨频发背景下,黄河流域防洪安全对保障全面建设社会主义现代化国家具有十分重要的意义。分析了黄河流域防洪安全现状及存在问题,剖析了保障黄河长治久安面临的严峻挑战,以确保堤防不决口、确保河床不抬高、让黄河成为造福人民的幸福河为目标,提出了新时期黄河流域防洪减灾体系的对策措施,论证了黄河长治久安的前景和保障思路。