PSS and SVC Controller Design using Chaos, PSO and SFL Algorithms to Enhancing the Power System Stability

In this paper, the Authors present the designing of power system stabilizer (PSS) and static var compensator (SVC) based on chaos, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and shuffled frog leaping (SFL) Algorithms has been presented to improve the power system stability. Single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system with SVC located at the terminal of generator has been considered to evaluate the proposed SVC and PSS controllers. The coefficients of PSS and SVC controller have been optimized by Chaos, PSO and SFL algorithms. Fi-nally the system with proposed controllers is simulated for the special disturbance in input power of genera-tor, and then the dynamic responses of generator have been presented. The simulation results show that the system composed with recommended controller has outstanding operation in fast damping of oscillations of power system and describes an application of Chaos, PSO and SFL algorithms to the problem of designing a Lead-Lag controller used in PSS and SVC in power system.

More Compactification for Differential Systems

This article is a review and promotion of the study of solutions of differential equations in the “neighborhood of infinity” via a non traditional compactification. We define and compute critical points at infinity of polynomial autonomuos differential systems and develop an explicit formula for the leading asymptotic term of diverging solutions to critical points at infinity. Applications to problems of completeness and incompleteness (the existence and nonexistence respectively of global solutions) of dynamical systems are provided. In particular a quadratic competing species model and the Lorentz equations are being used as arenas where our technique is applied. The study is also relevant to the Painlevé property and to questions of integrability of dynamical systems.

Stability Analysis of a Multi Area System with Renewable Energy and Multi-Terminal DC Tie Lines

Security constrained multi area multi objective dynamic economic dispatch (SCMAMODED) with renewable energy (RE) and all the possible MTDC stability constraints is formulated for the first time. The stability merits of multi terminal DC (MTDC) tie lines as compared to the traditional HVAC forms the main objective of this paper. Probabilistic load flow (PLF) is applied to determine the system parameters while the uncertainties are modelled using Scenario Based Method (SBM). The simulation results reveal that with the use of MTDC tie lines, the frequency and voltage stability in the MAMODED with renewable energy sources (RES) are enhanced while keeping the MTDC power exchange interface nodes at secure levels.

Consistency and Stability Issues in the Numerical Integration of the First and Second Order Initial Value Problem

In this note we consider some basic, yet unusual, issues pertaining to the accuracy and stability of numerical integration methods to follow the solution of first order and second order initial value problems (IVP). Included are remarks on multiple solutions, multi-step methods, effect of initial value perturbations, as well as slowing and advancing the computed motion in second order problems.

A Novel PSO Algorithm for Optimal Production Cost of the Power Producers with Transient Stability Constraints

The application of a novel Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method called Fitness Distance Ratio PSO (FDR PSO) algorithm is described in this paper to determine the optimal power dispatch of the Independent Power Producers (IPP) with linear ramp model and transient stability constraints of the power producers. Generally the power producers must respond quickly to the changes in load and wheeling transactions. Moreover, it becomes necessary for the power producers to reschedule their power generation beyond their power limits to meet vulnerable situations like credible contingency and increase in load conditions. During this process, the ramping cost is incurred if they violate their permissible elastic limits. In this paper, optimal production costs of the power producers are computed with stepwise and piecewise linear ramp rate limits. Transient stability limits of the power producers are also considered as addi-tional rotor angle inequality constraints while solving the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem. The proposed algo-rithm is demonstrated on practical 10 bus and 26 bus systems and the results are compared with other optimization methods.

Long-term stability of gentamicin sulfate-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-Na_2) solution for catheter locks

A lock solution composed of gentamicin sulfate(5 mg/mL) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt(EDTA-Na2, 30 mg/mL) could fully eradicate in vivo bacterial biofilms in totally implantable venous access ports(TIVAP). In this study, fabrication, conditioning and sterilization processes of antimicrobial lock solution(ALS) were detailed and completed by a stability study. Stability of ALS was conducted for12 months in vial(25 °C 7 2 °C, 60% 7 5% relative humidity(RH), and at 40 °C 7 2 °C, RH 75% 7 5%)and for 24 h and 72 h in TIVAP(40 °C 7 2 °C, RH 75% 7 5%). A stability indicating HPLC assay with UV detection for simultaneous quantification of gentamicin sulfate and EDTA-Na2 was developed. ALS was assayed by ion-pairing high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) needing gentamicin derivatization, EDTA-Na2 metallocomplexation of samples and gradient mobile phase. HPLC methods to separate four gentamicin components and EDTA-Na2 were validated. Efficiency of sterility procedure and conditioning of ALS was confirmed by bacterial endotoxins and sterility tests. Physicochemical stability of ALS was determined by visual inspection, osmolality, pH, and sub-visible particle counting. Results confirmed that the stability of ALS in vials was maintained for 12 months and 24 h and 72 h in TIVAP.

秦岭山地民居墙体构造技术

中国传统民居建筑起源和发展于经济技术落后的农业和手工业社会,历经千百年来自然与社会变革的影响,逐步演变进化成为地域特征强烈的乡土居住建筑体系。从与资源和环境的关系来审示,传统民居具备结构简洁、就地取材和施工建造方便等优点;从与气候的关系来看,具有适应地区气候、冬暖夏凉的生态性能;从以人对居住的需求来看,能够满足基本的舒适和健康标准要求。目前我国每年乡镇新建住宅已逾10亿m2,应该将传统民居中的生态建筑经验在新建住宅中得以继承。本文针对传统民居的代表之一———秦岭山地夯土墙民居建筑墙体材料、裂缝、防水、稳定性等问题,通过实验室试验和理论分析,得出其构造技术体系上的一些量化结论和定性做法。这对有地域代表的民居给予了技术上的肯定,对于民居的建造具有指导意义(已用于当地民居建造),同时将为我国乡土民居相关设计标准的建立提供科学依据。

Stability Loss of Rotating Elastoplastic Discs of the Specific Form

A method of calculating a possible stability loss by a rotating circular annular disc of variable thickness is suggested within the theory of perfect plasticity with the help of small parameter method. A characteristic equation for a critical radius of a plastic zone is obtained as a first approximation. The formula for the critical angular velocity, determining the stability loss of the disc according to the self-balanced form, is derived. The method using which we can take into account the disc’s geometry and loading parameters is also specified. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown in Section 5 while considering an illustrative example. The values of critical angular velocity of rotating are found numerically for different parameters of the disc.

Stability analysis of submarine slopes in the area of the test production of gas hydrate in the South China Sea

In this paper, the mechanical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments (GHBS) were summarized and the instability mechanism of submarine hydrate-bearing slope (SHBS) was analyzed under the background of the test production of gas hydrate in the northern part of the South China Sea. The strength reduction finite element method (SRFEM) was introduced to the stability analysis of submarine slopes for the safety of the test production. Two schemes were designed to determine the physical and mechanical parameters of four target wells. Through the division of the hydrate dissociation region and the design of four working conditions, the range and degree of hydrate dissociation at different stages during the test production were simulated. Based on the software ABAQUS, 37 FEM models of SHBS were set up to analyze and assess the stability of the submarine slopes in the area of the test production. Necessary information such as safety factors, deformation, and displacement were obtained at different stages and under different working conditions. According to the calculation results, the submarine slope area is stable before the test production, and the safety factors almost remains the same during and after the test production. All these indicate that the test production has no obvious influence on the area of the test production and the submarine slopes in the area are stable during and after the test production.

XE-2100血液分析仪常用参数稳定性研究

目的 对XE-2100血液分析仪常用参数进行稳定性观察和评估。方法 所有EDTA- K2 抗凝标本的进样均采用开放模式,分别进行短时间(1h内)稳定性和长时间(72h)不同时段不同放置温度的稳定性考查。结果 所有参数,包括自动化白细胞(WBC)五分类,均在60min内保持稳定并未出现显著的变化;长时间稳定性的研究显示无论在冷藏条件还是在室温条件下,WBC、血小板(PLT)、血红蛋白(HGB)和红细胞(RBC)及分类参数在72h内未发生显著变化;WBC分类结果的稳定性优于RBC体积参数的稳定性。RBC体积参数的稳定性在室温条件下12h开始发生体积增大变化, 24h发生显著变化,而冷藏条件下可保持24h。结论 XE-2100血液分析仪短时间结果稳定。长时间稳定性研究显示在自动分类参数方面3d内具有良好的稳定性。RBC分类的稳定性优于RBC检测的稳定性。

Stability and Robust Stability of Switched Positive Linear Systems With All Modes Unstable

This paper is concerned with the stability and robust stability of switched positive linear systems(SPLSs) whose subsystems are all unstable. By means of the mode-dependent dwell time approach and a class of discretized co-positive Lyapunov functions, some stability conditions of switched positive linear systems with all modes unstable are derived in both the continuous-time and the discrete-time cases, respectively. The copositive Lyapunov functions constructed in this paper are timevarying during the dwell time and time-invariant afterwards. In addition, the above approach is extended to the switched interval positive systems. A numerical example is proposed to illustrate our approach.

Nonlinear Differential Equation of Macroeconomic Dynamics for Long-Term Forecasting of Economic Development

In this article we derive a general differential equation that describes long-term economic growth in terms of cyclical and trend components. Equation is based on the model of non-linear accelerator of induced investment. A scheme is proposed for obtaining approximate solutions of nonlinear differential equation by splitting solution into the rapidly oscillating business cycles and slowly varying trend using Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky averaging. Simplest modes of the economic system are described. Characteristics of the bifurcation point are found and bifurcation phenomenon is interpreted as loss of stability making the economic system available to structural change and accepting innovations. System being in a nonequilibrium state has a dynamics with self-sustained undamped oscillations. The model is verified with economic development of the US during the fifth Kondratieff cycle (1982-2010). Model adequately describes real process of economic growth in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. It is one of major results that the model gives a rough estimation of critical points of system stability loss and falling into a crisis recession. The model is used to forecast the macroeconomic dynamics of the US during the sixth Kondratieff cycle (2018-2050). For this forecast we use fixed production capital functional dependence on a long-term Kondratieff cycle and medium-term Juglar and Kuznets cycles. More accurate estimations of the time of crisis and recession are based on the model of accelerating log-periodic oscillations. The explosive growth of the prices of highly liquid commodities such as gold and oil is taken as real predictors of the global financial crisis. The second wave of crisis is expected to come in June 2011.

敏感性稠油藏防膨注水开发的前期研究与实践

郑408块沙三上砂岩稠油油藏弱水敏,中等碱敏,弱速敏,弱酸敏,弱盐敏,供液已严重不足,需补充油层能量。地层水CaCl2型,矿化度20g/L。筛选了一种粘土稳定剂OCP 02,50℃时在地层岩心中注入1PV的2%～10%OCP 2溶液后用蒸馏水驱替时,渗透率保留率高达96%～99%。选择同为CaCl2型、矿化度19g/L的王庄潜山地层水为注入水源。岩心流动实验结果表明,在50℃下注入潜山水25PV时岩心渗透率下降达63 2%;注入2%OCP 02溶液1PV后再注200PV潜山水,渗透率下降仅6 3%;1PV的2%OCP 02溶液与200PV潜山水交替注入可使岩心渗透率大体维持恒定;在潜山水中加入0 01%OCP 02连续注入300PV后渗透率下降不到10%。选定的最佳防膨注水方案为:用2%OCP 02溶认处理近井地带,连续注入含0 01%OCP 02的潜山水,控制注水流量小于速敏下限(3 21m3/d·m),每注完300PV后用2%OCP 02溶液强化处理一次。这一防膨注水开发方案已投入现场试验和应用,初期注入压力为3～5MPa,2 5～2 0年后为9 0～9 5MPa,油井产液量、产油量、动液面上升,含水下降,开采速度增大。图3表5参5。

Stability Analysis of Network Controlled Temperature Control System with Additive Delays

This paper presents,using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional technique combined with reciprocal convex lemma is considered for a networked control temperature control system with additive time-varying-delays.In the stability analysis,a new LK functional is assumed,and take the time-derivative of the(LK)functional,using reciprocal convex combination technique was employed to obtain less conservative stability criteria.Finally,the proposed stability analysis culminates into a stability criterion in the LMI(linear matrix inequalities)framework.The results obtained are in accordance with the theoretically obtained in the temperature control system and they are closer to the standard benchmark temperature-control system.

高维网机系统失稳振荡的分岔研究

应用机电耦联动力学理论和电路理论,建立了统一的发电机组并网发电的数学模型.该模型为27维非线性微分动力系统,包括机械扭振方程、同步发电机瞬变过程基本方程、原动机力矩分配及调速控制方程、励磁调节控制方程和并网线路串补电容方程5大部分.本文选择线路串补电容的容抗、线路电阻作为分岔参数,计算并得到了失稳参数区域图.对满足两对纯虚特征值的参数点,利用中心流形定理对原系统方程做了降维.再利用多参数稳定性理论及归一化技术,对约化方程进行求解,得到了分岔方程.由此得到分岔参数图、4个参数区的动力学特性,并得到了数值验证.

Effect of external and internal cues on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability test

BACKGROUND Pain in the back or pelvis or fear of back pain may affect the timing or cocontraction of the core muscles.In both static and dynamic movements,the Sahrmann core stability test provides an assessment of core muscle activation and a person's ability to stabilize the lumbopelvic complex.Preparatory cues and images can be used to increase the activation of these muscles.To attain optimal movement patterns,it will be necessary to determine what cueing will give the most effective results for core stability.AIM To investigate the effects of external and internal cues on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability test.METHODS Total 68 participants(21.83±3.47 years)were randomly allocated to an external(n=35)or internal cue group(n=33).Participants performed the Sahrmann fivelevel core stability test without a cue as baseline and the five-level stability exercises with an internal or external cue.External cue group received a pressure biofeedback unit(PBU),and the internal cue group received an audio cue.A Delsys Trigno^(TM)surface electromyography unit was used for muscle activation from the rectus abdominis,external oblique,and transverse abdominis/internal oblique muscles.RESULTS Linear mixed effects model analysis showed that cueing had a significant effect on core muscle activation(P=0.001);however,there was no significant difference between cue types(internal or external)(P=0.130).CONCLUSION Both external and internal cueing have significant effects on core muscle activation during the Sahrmann five-level core stability test and the PBU does not create higher muscle activation than internal cueing.

Combined influence of nonlinearity and dilation on slope stability evaluated by upper-bound limit analysis

The combined influence of nonlinearity and dilation on slope stability was evaluated using the upper-bound limit analysis theorem.The mechanism of slope collapse was analyzed by dividing it into arbitrary discrete soil blocks with the nonlinear Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion and nonassociated flow rule.The multipoint tangent(multi-tangent) technique was used to analyze the slope stability by linearizing the nonlinear failure criterion.A general expression for the slope safety factor was derived based on the virtual work principle and the strength reduction technique,and the global slope safety factor can be obtained by the optimization method of nonlinear sequential quadratic programming.The results show better agreement with previous research result when the nonlinear failure criterion reduces to a linear failure criterion or the non-associated flow rule reduces to an associated flow rule,which demonstrates the rationality of the presented method.Slope safety factors calculated by the multi-tangent inclined-slices technique were smaller than those obtained by the traditional single-tangent inclined-slices technique.The results show that the multi-tangent inclined-slices technique is a safe and effective method of slope stability limit analysis.The combined effect of nonlinearity and dilation on slope stability was analyzed,and the parameter analysis indicates that nonlinearity and dilation have significant influence on the result of slope stability analysis.

利用硫化碱废渣制备新型多功能悬浮型种衣剂的研究与应用(Ⅰ)——新型多功能悬浮型种衣剂的研究

本文研究了以工业硫化碱废渣与一类丰富的废弃矿物质等为原料,合成新型阴离子表面活性剂--矽力康复合肥在悬浮型种衣剂中的应用,探讨了矽力康复合肥、不同种类的阴离子、非离子表面活性剂对20%的悬浮型种衣剂稳定性的作用及相互作用,确定了最佳复配条件.结果表明:在使用单一组分中,使用矽力康复合肥比其他9种表面活性剂的稳定性高20.2%～141.2%(15 d);在复配体系中,50g/L矽力康复合肥与15g/L乳化剂A复配体系在90 d后的悬浮率仍达到90.4%,比50g/L十二烷基苯磺酸钠与40g/L乳化剂A的复配体系高29%;产品粘度为500～600mpa·s、对种子的包衣均匀度为95.3%,成膜时间为19min,包衣脱落率为7.42%,热贮稳定性均符合标准,并且产品本身还含有大量促进种子生长的必要元素.

骨盆骨折π棒双重固定效应的生物力学研究

目的通过应力及应力遮挡的测定探讨π棒对骨盆骨折的动静力固定作用。方法甲醛固定新鲜成人骨盆标本12具,右侧骶髂关节和耻骨上下支截断,骶髂关节处分别以π棒和骶髂螺钉内固定。测量中立位下生理载荷时骨盆不同内固定的应力、应变和位移;测量骨盆骨折π棒固定后不同运动状态下(中立位、后伸、前屈、健侧屈)生理载荷时腰椎和骨盆上的应力值与应力遮挡率。结果π棒和骶髂螺钉固定的应变平均为68με和113με(P<0.05)。π棒固定时,中立位和后伸时,应力遮挡率较大(η=31.80%和33.35%),应力大部分从π棒传导,适用于骨折早期;而前屈及健侧屈时,腰椎应力遮挡率明显减小(η=22.23%及η=23.07%),应力主要从腰椎及骨盆传导。结论本实验表明π棒固定骨盆骨折通过腰部的不同姿势活动即可自动从坚强静力固定转为动力固定,具有双重固定的生物力学效应。

Numerical investigations of rock bridge effect on open pit slope stability

In this study,the effect of rock bridges on rock slope stability was investigated by incorporating nonpersistent joint networks in numerical models,and the critical profiles of an open pit mine were analysed.Parallel deterministic networks of infinite and finite lengths,ubiquitous joint network model and Veneziano joint network model were used in order to simulate the rock fractures.Materials were modelled based on the generalised Hoek-Brown and equivalent Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria.The parallel deterministic infinite and the ubiquitous joint network models produced lower safety factors.The introduction of rock bridges along discontinuity planes in the parallel deterministic network and Veneziano joint network models significantly contributed to the stability and strain distribution,which should be considered in stability analysis of rock mass in open pit by rock slope practitioners.The results show the significance of joints in hard rock behaviour and the joints should be included in order to attain practical and realistic simulations.