The Roadmap of 2D Materials and Devices Toward Chips

Due to the constraints imposed by physical effects and performance degra certain limitations in sustaining the advancement of Moore’s law.Two-dimensional(2D)materials have emerged as highly promising candidates for the post-Moore era,offering significant potential in domains such as integrated circuits and next-generation computing.Here,in this review,the progress of 2D semiconductors in process engineering and various electronic applications are summarized.A careful introduction of material synthesis,transistor engineering focused on device configuration,dielectric engineering,contact engineering,and material integration are given first.Then 2D transistors for certain electronic applications including digital and analog circuits,heterogeneous integration chips,and sensing circuits are discussed.Moreover,several promising applications(artificial intelligence chips and quantum chips)based on specific mechanism devices are introduced.Finally,the challenges for 2D materials encountered in achieving circuit-level or system-level applications are analyzed,and potential development pathways or roadmaps are further speculated and outlooked.

Review of trans-Mediterranean power grid interconnection:a regional roadmap towards energy sector decarbonization

Climate change is becoming an important issue in all fields of infrastructure development.Electricity plays a core role in the decarbonized energy system’s path to a regional zero-emission pattern.A well-built trans-Mediterranean backbone grid can hedge the profound evolution of regional power generation,transmission,and consumption.To date,only Turkey and the Maghreb countries(i.e.,Morocco,Algeria,and Tunisia)are connected with the Continental European Synchronous Area.Other south-and east-shore countries have insufficient interconnection infrastructures and synchronization difficulties that have proven to be major hurdles to the implementation of large-scale solar and wind projects and achievement of climate goals.This study analyzes the current trans-boundary grid interconnections and power and carbon emission portfolios in the Mediterranean region.To align with the recently launched new climate target‘Fit for 55’program and the accelerated large-scale renewables target,a holistic review of projected trans-Mediterranean grids and their market,technical,and financial obstacles of implementation was conducted.For south-and east-shore countries,major legal and regulatory barriers encompassing non-liberalized market structure,regulation gaps of taxation and transmission tariffs,and the private sector’s access rights need to be removed.Enhancement of domestic grids,substations,and harmonized grid codes and frequency,voltage,and communication technology standards among all trans-Mediterranean countries are physical prerequisites for implementing the Trans-Mediterranean Electricity Market.In addition,the mobilization of capital instruments along with private and international investments is indispensable for the realization of supranational transmission projects.As the final section of the decarbonization roadmap,the development of electric appliances,equipment,and vehicles with higher efficiency is inevitable in the decarbonized building,transportation,and industry sectors.

3D-DSA联合roadmap技术在脑血管疾病介入诊治中的应用价值

目的探讨三维数字减影血管造影（3D-DSA）联合路径图（roadmap）技术在脑血管病诊断及治疗中的应用价值。方法选择169例脑血管病患者,其中男性96例,女性73例;年龄6~81岁,平均年龄49.31岁。全部病例进行DSA及血管内介入治疗,按其治疗过程分为2组：第一组104例全部行3D-DSA及2D-DSA检查并联合roadmap治疗,分析颅内动脉瘤、脑动静脉畸形（AVM）及脑动脉狭窄在3D-DSA上的影像学表现,并与2D-DSA比较;第二组65例全部行2D-DSA检查并在roadmap指示下行介入治疗,与第一组3D-DSA检查并结合roadmap治疗过程进行比较。结果在诊断方面：3D-DSA在动脉瘤检出率和瘤颈判别上与2D-DSA比较,3D-DSA对动脉瘤准确率比2D-DSA高16.3%（7/43）,对动脉瘤瘤颈的显示比2D-DSA高48.2%,对AVM供血动脉、畸形血管团构筑显示方面二者差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,对血管内斑块形态的显示3D-DSA比2D-DSA高30.7%,对血管狭窄率的精确测量3D-DSA比2DDSA高42.3%。在治疗方面：3D-DSA联合roadmap技术与2D-DSA联合roadmap技术相比较,在手术时间与X射线曝光时间上,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,在roadmap成像次数、造影剂用量和X射线辐射剂量方面的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论与传统2D-DSA相比,3D-DSA联合roadmap技术在脑血管疾病影像诊断及介入治疗中的成像次数、造影剂用量、X射线剂量、手术时间和X射线曝光时间等方面具有重要的应用价值。

如何利用Writing Roadmap 2.0进行在线英语写作反馈

即时全面的写作反馈有助于提高学生的语言正确率和写作水平。文章首先简要介绍了英语写作反馈类型,随后分析了我国大学英语写作反馈的现状和存在的问题,然后结合教学实例,介绍了在写作教学中如何使用Writing Roadmap 2.0自动评分系统为师生提供多元化反馈,最后阐述了该系统的优势和劣势。

Radial Based Probabilistic Roadmap Motion Planning Method in Sparse Environment

A new dynamic path planning method in high dimensional workspace, radial based probabilistic roadmap motion (RBPRM) planning method, is presented. Different from general probabilistic roadmap motion planning methods, it uses straight lines as long as possible to construct a path graph, so the final path obtained from the graph is relatively shorter and straighter. Experimental results show the efficiency of the algorithm in finding shorter paths in sparse environment.

Writing Roadmap辅助大学英语写作教学的实践

基于WRM写作软件,采取形成性评估和终结性评估相结合的方式,经过一个学期的写作教学实践,采用定性和定量研究相结合来探究WRM对学生写作过程的影响和写作效果。结果表明,学生在六个维度和总分方面均取得显著性进步,WRM对学生的写作过程提供了积极的辅助功能的同时,也有其局限性,因此,笔者提出WRM的使用中要注意扬其长,避其短,把WRM的使用与课堂教学有机结合起来,充分发挥教师和学生在写作中的积极作用。

数字减影血管造影的ROADMAP功能在脑血管介入中的应用价值

数字减影血管造影（DSA）是用碘化铯荧光体探测器将X线穿过人体的信息X线接受,使之变为光学图像,经影像增强器增强后,再用高分辨率的摄像机扫描,所得到的图像信号经模/数（A/D）转换储存在数字储存器内,将对比剂注入前所摄蒙片（mask）与对比剂注入后所摄的血管充盈像经减影处理成减影影像,再经数/模（D/A）转换成只留下含对比剂的血管像^（[1]）,这就是DSA的成像原理。

Telbivudine vs tenofovir in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B patients: OPTIMA roadmap study

AIMTo make efficacy and safety comparison of telbivudine-raodmap and tenofovir-roadmap in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. METHODSThis was the first prospective, randomised, two-arm, open-label, non-inferiority study in HBeAg-negative CHB patients that compared telbivudine and tenofovir administered as per roadmap concept. Patients were treated up to 24 wk and, depending on virologic response, continued the same therapy or received add-on therapy up to 104 wk. Eligible patients received an additional 52 wk of treatment in the extension period (i.e., up to 156 wk). Patients who developed virologic breakthrough (VB) while on monotherapy also received add-on therapy. The primary efficacy endpoint was the rate of patients achieving hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA RESULTSA total of 241 patients were randomised. Non-inferiority of telbivudine arm to tenofovir arm was demonstrated at week 52 (± 7 d window), with over 91% of patients in each treatment arm achieving HBV DNA level CONCLUSIONEfficacy was shown for both telbivudine-roadmap and tenofovir-roadmap regimens in HBeAg-negative CHB patients over 156 wk. Telbivudine arm was associated with renal improvement.

A Configuration Deactivation Algorithm for Boosting Probabilistic Roadmap Planning of Robots

We present a method to improve the execution time used to build the roadmap in probabilistic roadmap planners. Our method intelligently deactivates some of the configurations during the learning phase and allows the planner to concentrate on those configurations that axe most likely going to be useful when building the roadmap. The method can be used with many of the existing sampling algorithms. We ran tests with four simulated robot problems typical in robotics literature. The sampling methods applied were purely random, using Halton numbers, Gaussian distribution, and bridge test technique. In our tests, the deactivation method clearly improved the execution times. Compared with pure random selections, the deactivation method also significantly decreased the size of the roadmap, which is a useful property to simplify roadmap planning tasks.

设计未来技术发展蓝图的有效方法——Technology Roadmapping

Technology Roadmapping可译作“技术蓝图设计”,简称TRM。它是一种流行的技术规划方法,可在企业(或R&D组织)、产业两个不同层次上进行。其主要功能是从未来产品(或服务)的需求出发,由技术、市场等各方面的专家合作,选择适用技术并确定相应技术路线,描绘出未来技术发展蓝图(Technology Roadmaps)。

Rapid screening of Zr-containing particles from Chang’e-5 lunar soil samples for isotope geochronology:Technical roadmap for future study

New samples returned by China Chang’e-5(CE-5)mission offer an opportunity for studying the lunar geologic longevity,space weathering,and regolith evolution.The age determination of the CE-5 samples was among the first scientific questions to be answered.However,the precious samples,most in the micrometer size range,challenge many traditional analyses on large single crystals of zircon developed for massive bulk samples.Here,we developed a non-destructive rapid screening of individual zirconium-containing particle for isotope geochronology based on a Micro X-ray fluorescence analysis(μXRF).The selected particles were verified via scanning electron microscopy(SEM),3D X-ray microscopy(XRM),and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM)techniques,which showed that zirconium-bearing minerals with several microns were precisely positioned and readily suitable for site-specific isotopic dating by second ion mass spectrometry(SIMS).Such protocol could be also appli-cable in non-destructively screening other types of particles for different scientific purposes.We there-fore proposed a correlative workflow for comprehensively studying the CE-5 lunar samples from single particles on nanometer to atomic scales.Linking various microscopic and spectromicroscopic instru-ments together,this workflow consists of six steps:(1)single-particle selection with non-destructive μXRF technique,(2)2D/3D morphological and structural characterization with a correlative submicron 3D XRM and nanoscale resolution FIB-SEM imaging methods,(3)SEM analysis of the surface morphology and chemistry of the selected particle,(4)a series of microscopic and microbeam analyses(e.g.,SEM,electron probe microanalysis,and SIMS)on the cross-section of the selected particle to obtain structural,mineralogical,chemical,and isotopic features from the micron to nanometer scale,(5)advanced 2D/3D characterization and site-specific sample preparation of thin foil/tip specimens on a microregion of inter-est in the selected particle with FIB-SEM technique,and(6)comprehensive analyses on the FIB-milled specimens at nanometer to atomic scale with synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray micro-scopy,analytic transmission electron microscopy,and atom probe tomography.Following this technical roadmap,one can integrate multiple modalities into a uniform frame of multimodal and multiscale cor-related datasets to acquire high-throughput information on the limited or precious terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples.

3D-DSA联合roadmap技术介入诊治脑血管疾病的效果分析

目的分析3D-DSA联合roadmap技术在脑血管疾病介入诊治中的应用效果及价值。方法选取驻马店市中心医院2013-04—2016-10收治的100例脑血管疾病患者作为观察组,接受3D-DSA联合roadmap技术介入治疗。选取同期100例脑血管疾病患者作为对照组,给予2D-DSA联合roadmap技术介入治疗,比较2组临床诊断及治疗效果。结果观察组动脉瘤检出率84.0%,动脉瘤瘤颈显示比为64.0%,斑块形态显示比为71.0%,血管狭窄率精确测量率46.0%均高于对照组(56.0%、54.0%、52.0%、35.0%),2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组roadmap成像次数、造影剂用量、X射线辐射剂量均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论脑血管病患者诊治过程中,采用3D-DSA联合roadmap技术,能够提高诊断符合率,并发挥良好辅助治疗效果,值得临床推广。

Multi-Branch Cable Harness Layout Design Based on Genetic Algorithm with Probabilistic Roadmap Method

Current studies on cable harness layouts have mainly focused on cable harness route planning.However,the topological structure of a cable harness is also extremely complex,and the branch structure of the cable harness can affect the route of the cable harness layout.The topological structure design of the cable harness is a key to such a layout.In this paper,a novel multi-branch cable harness layout design method is presented,which unites the probabilistic roadmap method(PRM)and the genetic algorithm.First,the engineering constraints of the cable harness layout are presented.An obstacle-based PRM used to construct non-interference and near to the surface roadmap is then described.In addition,a new genetic algorithm is proposed,and the algorithm structure of which is redesigned.In addition,the operation probability formula related to fitness is proposed to promote the efficiency of the branch structure design of the cable harness.A prototype system of a cable harness layout design was developed based on the method described in this study,and the method is applied to two scenarios to verify that a quality cable harness layout can be efficiently obtained using the proposed method.In summary,the cable harness layout design method described in this study can be used to quickly design a reasonable topological structure of a cable harness and to search for the corresponding routes of such a harness.

Big Data Analytics in Healthcare——A Systematic Literature Review and Roadmap for Practical Implementation

The advent of healthcare information management systems(HIMSs)continues to produce large volumes of healthcare data for patient care and compliance and regulatory requirements at a global scale.Analysis of this big data allows for boundless potential outcomes for discovering knowledge.Big data analytics(BDA)in healthcare can,for instance,help determine causes of diseases,generate effective diagnoses,enhance Qo S guarantees by increasing efficiency of the healthcare delivery and effectiveness and viability of treatments,generate accurate predictions of readmissions,enhance clinical care,and pinpoint opportunities for cost savings.However,BDA implementations in any domain are generally complicated and resource-intensive with a high failure rate and no roadmap or success strategies to guide the practitioners.In this paper,we present a comprehensive roadmap to derive insights from BDA in the healthcare(patient care)domain,based on the results of a systematic literature review.We initially determine big data characteristics for healthcare and then review BDA applications to healthcare in academic research focusing particularly on No SQL databases.We also identify the limitations and challenges of these applications and justify the potential of No SQL databases to address these challenges and further enhance BDA healthcare research.We then propose and describe a state-of-the-art BDA architecture called Med-BDA for healthcare domain which solves all current BDA challenges and is based on the latest zeta big data paradigm.We also present success strategies to ensure the working of Med-BDA along with outlining the major benefits of BDA applications to healthcare.Finally,we compare our work with other related literature reviews across twelve hallmark features to justify the novelty and importance of our work.The aforementioned contributions of our work are collectively unique and clearly present a roadmap for clinical administrators,practitioners and professionals to successfully implement BDA initiatives in their organizations.

Development of Path Planning Algorithm Using Probabilistic Roadmap Based on Modified Ant Colony Optimization

In this paper, a unique combination among probabilistic roadmap, modified ant colony optimization, and third order B-spline curve has been proposed to solve path planning problems?in complex and very complex environments. This proposed approach can be divided into three stages. First stage involves constructing a random roadmap depending on the environment complexity using probabilistic roadmap algorithm. Roadmap can be constructed by distributing N nodes randomly in complex and very complex static environments then pairing these nodes together according to some criteria or conditions. The constructed roadmap contains a huge number of possible random paths that may lead to connecting?the start and the goal points together. Second stage includes finding path within the pre-constructed roadmap. Modified ant colony optimization has been proposed to find or to search the best path between start and goal points, where in addition to the proposed combination, ACO has been modified to increase its ability to find shorter path. Finally, the third stage uses B-spline curve?to smooth and reduce the total length of the found path in the previous stage. The results of the proposed approach ensure?the?feasible?path between start and goal points in complex and very complex environments. Also, the path is guaranteed to be short, smooth, continuous?and safe.

China’s bioenergy industry development roadmap

Positive development of renewable energy, saving and substitution of fossil energy, promotion of the energy structure adjustment are the inevitable strategy choices of China’s sustainable development. This paper discussed the China’s bioenergy resources status, development targets and technology development roadmaps. China has 136.140 million hm2 of marginal land, which distribute mainly in western and northern regions. There are 1 billion t of crop residues and forestry waste annually, and 300 million t can be used to produce different kinds of bioenergies. And organic waste and manure can generate 50 billion m3 of biogas. The discussed development target indicated that it can construct a biomass oilfield with the capacity of 100 million t/year and reduce 200 million t of CO_2 emission by 2020. The bioenergy technology development roadmap indicated that the bioethanol mainly uses non grain starch and hemicellulose products as raw materials in the near-term (2006-2010). The biodiesel technology will focus on the advanced production technology, FT diesel, liquefaction of biomass and raw material production technology.

Systematically Monitoring,Relational Database and Technology Roadmapping for Trends and Innovation Opportunities in Biopolymers

In recent years environmental and sustainability concerns have impacted the global chemical industry and instituted a rush to produce products from renewable raw materials.This dynamic,complex and turbulent organizational scenario,around themes touching on the issue of sustainable development model,was created involving a large number of different actors:chemical/petrochemical industries,agroindustry companies,oil/gas companies,brand owners and end users,biotechnology startups,governments,universities and society.This paper proposed the application of a structured and dynamic method of technological prediction for biopolymers in three levels:systematic monitoring process,relational database and the“alive”Technology Roadmapping visualization tool.The main objective is to identify strategic actions,business models,the latest´s technologies in development,as well as trends in the field of biopolymers in order to support companies on position themselves in this competitive scenario.Furthermore,companies,universities,government agencies and institutions could apply this dynamic and alive methodology to indeed access innovation opportunities,challenges and threats for different industrial segments and to provide dynamic knowledge management collaborating to their strategy including a database crossing for the all organization.

Technology Roadmap of IGCC Industry in China

With the increasing energy demand and environmental pressures caused by consumption of fossil fuels, the world casts their eyes on new energy, hoping to transform the existing energy structure through technological innovation to new energy field, to promote the optimization and upgrading of the world’s energy structure. The new energy in key areas of Chinese high-tech industries includes mainly nuclear power, wind power, solar power, IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle), new energy vehicles and smart grids. The present paper will carry on an in-depth study on IGCC industry technology roadmap in China. Technology roadmap is a kind of technology management tool, expressing the structure and time dimension of technical elements’ evolution with icons. It spans a wide range of applications from a single company to industry, and national and international coalition, from detailed product technology to component technology, as well as the integration of several relevant industry technologies. The roadmap is a kind of multi-layered time-dependent icon. IGCC industry has excellent environmental characteristics and benefits, which are in accordance with the principle of coordinated development between energy and environment. Based on the analysis of current situation, market demand, industry objectives and technical barriers of IGCC technology, we highlight IGCC industrial development model with Chinese characteristics, and concisely propose the major research needs and technology projects of key technology areas in IGCC industry. We highlight IGCC industrial development model with Chinese characteristics, and concisely propose the major research needs and technology projects of key technology areas in IGCC industry. Furthermore, some relevant suggestions on IGCC technology management and industry development are put forward to promote the remarkable progress in the development of IGCC industry in China and build an efficient, economical and clean sustainable energy supply system in line with the requirements of low-carbon economy.

Building China-Latin America Digital Silk Road: Challenges and Roadmap

As the Belt and Road Initiative is officially extended to Latin America, China and Latin American countries will work together to build the Digital Silk Road. The two sides need to formulate or refine relevant rules in the interest of both parties, and gradually integrate their cooperation into the framework of global digital economic governance.