Robot Positioning Based on Multiple Quick Response Code Landmarks

The scheme of robot positioning based on multiple quick response(QR)code landmarks is proposed.Firstly,the pose of the robot relative to the QR code landmarks is obtained by extracting the feature points of the QR code,combined with the visual computing technology.Then,the conversion of the absolute pose of the robot is completed based on the absolute position of the QR code landmark,and thus the real-time position of the robot is obtained.The proposed scheme makes full use of the QR code fault tolerance and multiple QR code landmarks to improve the calculation accuracy.It has good robustness and versatility,and it is easy to implement.It can help the robot to complete the positioning in the actual work,making robot navigation more accurate.

Robot Position Control Using Force Information for Cooperative Work in Remote Robot Systems with Force Feedback

This paper proposes robot position control using force information for cooperative work between two remote robot systems with force feedback in each of which a user operates a remote robot by using a haptic interface device while observing work of the robot with a video camera. We also investigate the effect of the proposed control by experiment. As cooperative work, we deal with work in which two robots carry an object together. The robot position control using force information finely adjusts the position of the robot arm to reduce the force applied to the object. Thus, the purpose of the control is to avoid large force so that the object is not broken. In our experiment, we make a comparison among the following three cases in order to clarify how to carry out the control effectively. In the first case, the two robots are operated manually by a user with his/her both hands. In the second case, one robot is operated manually by a user, and the other robot is moved automatically under the proposed control. In the last case, the object is carried directly by a human instead of the robot which is operated by the user in the second case. As a result, experimental results demonstrate that the control can help each system operated manually by the user to carry the object smoothly.

Support and Positioning Mechanism of a Detection Robot inside a Spherical Tank

Large pressure equipment needs to be tested regularly to ensure safe operation;wall-climbing robots can carry the necessary tools to inspect spherical tanks,such as cameras and non-destructive testing equipment.However,a wall-climbing robot inside a spherical tank cannot be accurately positioned owing to the particularity of the spherical tank structure.This paper proposes a passive support and positioning mechanism fixed in a spherical tank to improve the adsorption capacity and positioning accuracy of the inspection robot.The main body of the mechanism was designed as a truss composed of carbon fiber telescopic rods and can work in spherical tanks with diameters of 4.6-15.7 m.The structural strength,stiffness,and stability of the mechanism are analyzed via force and deformation simulations.By constructing a mathematical model of the support and positioning mechanism,the influence of structural deformation on the supporting capacity is analyzed and calculated.The robot positioning method based on the support and positioning mechanism can effectively locate the robot inside a spherical tank.Experiments verified the support performance and robot positioning accuracy of the mechanism.This research proposes an auxiliary support and positioning mechanism for a detection robot inside a spherical tank,which can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of the robot and meet the robotic inspection requirements.

Motor Imagery and Error Related Potential Induced Position Control of a Robotic Arm

The paper introduces an electroencephalography(EEG) driven online position control scheme for a robot arm by utilizing motor imagery to activate and error related potential(ErrP) to stop the movement of the individual links, following a fixed(pre-defined) order of link selection. The right(left)hand motor imagery is used to turn a link clockwise(counterclockwise) and foot imagery is used to move a link forward. The occurrence of ErrP here indicates that the link under motion crosses the visually fixed target position, which usually is a plane/line/point depending on the desired transition of the link across 3D planes/around 2D lines/along 2D lines respectively. The imagined task about individual link's movement is decoded by a classifier into three possible class labels: clockwise, counterclockwise and no movement in case of rotational movements and forward, backward and no movement in case of translational movements. One additional classifier is required to detect the occurrence of the ErrP signal, elicited due to visually inspired positional link error with reference to a geometrically selected target position. Wavelet coefficients and adaptive autoregressive parameters are extracted as features for motor imagery and ErrP signals respectively. Support vector machine classifiers are used to decode motor imagination and ErrP with high classification accuracy above 80%. The average time taken by the proposed scheme to decode and execute control intentions for the complete movement of three links of a robot is approximately33 seconds. The steady-state error and peak overshoot of the proposed controller are experimentally obtained as 1.1% and4.6% respectively.

Study on general inverse kinematics of rotating/tilting positioner for robotic arc welding off-line programming

Off line programming provides an essential link between CAD and CAM, whose development will result in greater use of robotic arc welding. An arc welding system with a robot and a rotating/tilting positioner is one of the most typical workcells. The inverse kinematics of robot and positioner is the foundation of the off line programming system. The previous researchers only focused on a special solution of the positioner inverse kinematics, which is the solution at down hand welding position. In this paper, we introduce a method for representing welding position. Then a general algorithm of rotating/tilting positioner inverse kinematics is presented, and an approach to find the unique solution of the inverse kinematics is discussed. The simulation experiment results show that the general algorithm can improve the ability of robotic arc welding off line programming system to program all types of welding positions.

CALIBRATION OF A 6-DOF SPACE ROBOT USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

The kinematic error model of a 6-DOF space robot is deduced, and the cost function of kinematic parameter identification is built. With the aid of the genetic algorithm （GA） that has the powerful global adaptive probabilistic search ability, 24 parameters of the robot are identified through simulation, which makes the pose （position and orientation） accuracy of the robot a great improvement. In the process of the calibration, stochastic measurement noises are considered. Lastly, generalization of the identified kinematic parameters in the whole workspace of the robot is discussed. The simulation results show that calibrating the robot with GA is very stable and not sensitive to measurement noise. Moreover, even if the robot＇s kinematic parameters are relative, GA still has strong search ability to find the optimum solution.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF REPEATABILITY FOR ROBOTS

The influences of joints' error, motion history, speed and robot posture on repeatability are analyzed and the mathematical expressions of the quantity, direction and distribution of the stochastic positional error are derived . Using this model the magnitude and direction of the stochastic positional error after any motion can be preestimated and compensated .

转向架节能环保清洗系统的设计

转向架是高铁、地铁及铁路货车的重要部件,在其安装有动力组件、制动组件及减震组件等重要部件,因此,清洗过程是大修中必不可少的环节。传统的清洗过程为擦拭法和浸洗法相配合的多步水清洗法,此方法需要将清洗剂添加到清洗池中,为达到更好的清洗效果需加热水溶液,清洗后还需要使用风幕吹干。传统的水清洗法不仅能耗高,加入清洗剂的废水也会污染环境。本文介绍的转向架自动清洗系统采用干冰清洗工艺,通过变位机、机器人及自动化夹具等装备实现无人化的节能环保清洗。

弧焊机器人和变位机协调运动的研究

研究了焊接时机器人和变位机之间的协调运动关系。通过采用船形焊缝约束和机构运动学分析方法,解决了焊接过程中机器人和变位机系统的自由度解耦和运动分解,为弧焊机器人—变位机系统的离线编程研究打下了良好的基础。

挖掘机斗杆焊接机器人工作站的设计及应用

为满足多种挖掘机斗杆的自动焊接,采用松下焊接机器人进行了挖掘机斗杆焊接机器人工作站的系统设计,针对挖掘机斗杆型号多大小不同的特点,重点设计了锥形定位夹紧装置,可以适应不同宽度斗杆的装夹。此外,将焊接变位机的尾架设计成可沿导轨自由滑动的结构,既可以适应不同长度尺寸工件的装夹焊接,还可以通过自由滑动的变位机尾架消除焊接时的应力。此设计可以根据不同需求,满足多种大小不同型号的挖掘机斗杆的自动焊接。

工件位置变换机类型及结构

工件位置变换机是机器人生产线和工作站中的重要设备之一，随着工件形状和大小的变化，其结构型式灵活多变。本文介绍该机的基本要求、类型和常见的结构，为专用工件位置变换机的设计提供参考依据。

双层床架焊接机器人工作站的设计

机器人焊接工作站是指以焊接机器人为核心,可以实现工件快速装夹、变位的自动化生产单元。针对床架结构的焊接要求,提出一种以弧焊机器人为核心的焊接自动化工作站,设计了翻转变位机、移动滑轨、工装夹具等周边设备。试验表明:该焊接工作站可以满足不同型号床架的焊接工艺要求。对工作站的组成、床架焊接工艺、翻转变位机和工装夹具设计、电气控制等内容进行了详细介绍。

基于多工业机器人及变位机的自动焊接系统设计与仿真

以焊接工业机器人为研究对象,针对传统焊接工作站多角度焊接协调难度大的问题,利用RobotStudio仿真设计了焊接机器人带变位机工作站;根据Q235薄板低碳钢焊接对象的实际工况,设计了冷金属过渡焊接方法相配套的焊接系统参数和供气系统;为提高系统焊接精度,重新设计了焊枪的工具坐标系和I/O网络;通过焊接机器人专用指令和Smart动态逻辑组件功能构建了焊接工作站的机器人和变位机协同作业运动轨迹,最后运用TCP跟踪和仿真功能验证了焊接轨迹和变位机协同作业的准确性;该设计方案为焊接机器人带变位机工作站的实际应用提供了参考依据和实验平台,缩短产线开发周期,提高生产效率。

变位焊接机器人系统的运动建模及分析

研究变位焊接机器人系统的同步协调运动的实现。在SolidWorks2010软件中建立了该机器人系统模型,同时给出了其同步协调运动的算法和实现步骤;以半球面空间螺旋曲线为焊接路径,对机器人与变位机的同步协调运动进行仿真分析,发现焊枪末端能够以较高精度和较好位姿跟踪该焊缝曲线,为变位焊接机器人系统的同步协调运动的实现提供了理论依据。

面向工业机器人配合使用的变位机设计开发与实验研究

设计了一款能够和机器人进行协调配合的变位机,建立起一套从负载侧到电机侧的计算方法和设计流程。上述设计主要包括性能指标制定、减速机和电机计算选型、传动系统设计计算,并采用有限元分析优化关键零部件的结构设计。为了验证变位机的实际性能,设计并实施了针对关键参数的实验测试,对变位机类产品的设计、验证具有重要的参考、借鉴意义。

9轴伺服控制焊接自动化装备电控设计与实现方法

根据汽车悬挂零件焊接自动化生产的实际需要,研究了包括焊接机器人及其工装变位机在内的9轴伺服控制系统的实际样机,给出了电气控制系统硬件、软件与通讯实现方案;实际系统调试与运行结果表明,所提出的9轴伺服控制系统方案合理,定位精准,运行可靠,能够满足汽车悬挂零件高效焊接自动化技术要求。该项技术的调试成功也为同类焊接零件自动化装备设计提供了技术依据与借鉴。

曲线焊缝弧焊机器人和变位机之间协调运动的研究

对曲线焊缝焊接时机器人和变位机之间的协调运动关系进行了研究。针对二自由度旋转/倾斜变位机和六自由度弧焊机器人组成的工作站,通过采用船形焊缝约束以及机构运动学分析方法,解决了焊接过程中机器人和变位机系统的自由度解耦以及系统各关节的运动解析,为弧焊机器人———变位机系统的离线编程研究打下了良好的基础。

焊接柔性加工单元用数控变位机的研制

依据现有进口弧焊机器人的技术特点和工作要求 ,研制了 1台与之配套的数控焊接变位机 ,该机工作台可进行回转和倾斜两个运动 ,可使工件置于最佳的位置进行焊接 .这两个运动均采用交流伺服电机驱动、谐波减速器减速和工控机加模糊控制的方法进行控制 ,运动速度可在大范围内均匀调节 ,能满足不同焊接速度的需求 .

弧焊机器人用两轴数控焊接变位机的研制

依据现有进口弧焊机器人的技术特点和工作要求 ,研制了与之配套的两轴数控焊接变位机。该机工作台可进行旋转和倾斜两个运动 ,可使工件在最佳的位置进行焊接 ,与弧焊机器人一起构成了柔性加工单元。在实际焊接应用中 。

塞拉门弧焊机器人柔性工作站夹具与变位机设计

以国内手工焊接的塞拉门AlMgSi合金框架为研究对象,在MOTOMAN UP6工业机器人本体及辅助装置基础上,进行塞拉门框架弧焊机器人柔性工作站的研发,针对南京康尼机电新技术有限公司生产的塞拉门规格型号繁多的特点,设计了塞拉门柔性焊接夹具与变位机。为保障合金框架焊缝焊接质量,提出了一种基于普通光源、机器人间断式弧焊焊缝视觉跟踪系统,进而确保塞拉门框架弧焊机器人柔性工作站的高质、经济与高效。