LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of Basic Dikes within Maxianshan Rock Group in the Central Qilian Orogenic Belt and Its Tectonic Implications

A large number of basic dikes, which indicate an important tectonic-magmatic event in the eastern part of the Central Qilian （祁连） orogenic belt, were found from Maxianshan （马衔山） rock group, Yongjing （永靖） county, Gansu （甘肃） Province, China. According to the research on the characteristics of geology and petrology, the basic dike swarms, widely intruded in Maxianshan rock group, are divided into two phases by the authors. U-Pb isotope of zircons from the basic dikes above two phases is separately determined by LA-ICP-MS in the Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics of Northwest University, China and the causes of formation of the zircons are studied using CL images. The formation age of the earlier phase of metagabbro dikes is （441.1±1.4） Ma （corresponding to the early stage of Early Silurian）, and the age of the main metamorphic period is （414.3±1.2） Ma （corresponding to the early stage of Early Devonian）. The formation age of the later phase of diabase dike swarms is （434±1.0） Ma （corresponding to the late stage of Early Silurian）. The cap- tured-zircons from diabase dike swarms saved some information of material interfusion by Maxianshan rock group （^207pb/206pb apparent ages are （2 325±3）-（2 573 ±6） Ma）, and some zircons from diabase dike swarms also saved impacted information by tectonic thermal event during the late period of Caledonian movement （^206pb/^238U apparent ages are （400±2）-（429±2） Ma）. By combining the results of the related studies, the basic dikes within Maxianshan rock group were considered to be formed in the transfer period, from subductional orogeny towards collisional orogeny, which represents geological records of NW-SE extension during regional NE-SW towards intense compression in the Central Qilian block.

REE geochemistry of the Zhoutan Group metasedimentary rocks in central Jiangxi Province,Southeast China

Detailed REE and trace elements geochemical studies of the Zhoutan Group metasedimentary rocks in central Jiangxi Province, China, and rock-forming minerals such as garnet were conducted and the results showed that the REEs are partly present in the rock-forming minerals and are dominantly contained in the lattice of accessory minerals. In the process of metamorphism the REEs between garnet porphyroblast and rock and the partitioning of REEs between garnet and the host rock is obviously controlled by the chemical composition of the system. The REEs compositions of metamorphic veins and their minerals display remarked lanthanide tetrad effects and the element pairs Zr-Hf, Y-Ho, Pb-Nd and U-Th have also experienced a certain degree of fractionation with respect to the metasedimentary rocks and they can be used as discriminating indicators to some extent for the occurrence of fluid processes in the process of metamorphism of the Zhoutan Group.

Further Study on Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of the Boninitic Rocks from Bikou Group, Northern Yangtze Plate

Compared with the major and trace elements of typical boninite, the metabasalts collected from the Nanfanba （南范坝）-Miaowanli （庙湾里） region in the Bikou （碧口） block could be treated as boninite characterized by low-Si, low-Ti, low-P, high-Mg^2 and high Al2O3/TiO2, consistent with geochemical features of boninite. The normal mid-ocean ridge basalt （N-MORB） normalized spider diagram displays fairly depleted high field strong elements （HFSE） （Zr, Y, Ti）. Enriched refractory elements （Cr, Co, Ni） as well as light rare earth elements （LREE）-depleted chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns suggest the boninitic magmas are derived from an extremely depleted mantle wedge in the presence of a hydrous fluid, meanwhile signifying the source region had previously undergone a high degree partial melting process yielding primary magmas with enriched large ion lithophile elements （LILE）. In addition, almost all the samples in the Nb-Zr-Y and Ti-Zr-Y discrimination diagrams were plotted in the island arc basalt （IAB） field. Coupled with the island arc tholeiitic （IAT） basalt in the study region, therefore, the geochemical characteristics of the studied rocks indicate the meta-basalts probably occurred in a fore-arc subduction setting. This conclusion may be of great significance for the further study of the tectonic background of the Bikou volcanism.

REE Geochemistry of Some Metamorphic Rock Types of the Late Archean Fuping Group and Their Anatectic Derivatives in Pingshan,Hebei Province,China─A Preliminary Study

The Late Archean Fuping Group of the Xiaojiao area in Pingshan County, HebeiProvince consists mainly of three metamorphic rock types of supracrustal affinity, i. e., K-feldspar leucoleptite, biotite leptite-gneiss and hornblendic rocks. Their anatectic derivativesformed in the initial stage of anatexis are petrochemically of K-feldspar granitic, trondhjemiticand granodioritic compositions respectively, and in general have inherited the main petrochemi-cal features from their parent rock types. Probably due to the fact that they contain less REE-rich accessory minerals as compared with their parent rocks, the anatectic derivatives are ingeneral lower in ∑REE content. But both the derivatives and their parent rocks have similarREE patterns, which serves as an additional indication of the genetic relationship betweenthem.

Geochemical Characteristics of Proterozoic Mafic Dykes from the Bomdila Group of Rocks, NE Lesser Himalaya, India

The mafic dykes from the Paleoproterozoic Bomdila Group of metasedimentary rocks,Arunachal Pradesh,NE Lesser Himalaya,India have been analyzed for major and trace elements geochemistry essentially to understand their

Test analysis of stress characteristics on reinforcing rock slope with group anchorage cable

To research the reinforcement effect of a rock slope with group anchorage cablesand the stress characteristics of pre-stressed anchorage cables in the fractured surface,the rock slope calculated model of a wedge block within the double-slide face wasestablished by using the finite difference software according to the actual slope projectcombined with indoor model test.The pre-stress loss rule of the anchorage cable andthe distribution of axial force and the force-transferring mechanism of the anchorage cablewere analyzed during simulation.Also, based on the displacement contour and thesafety factor of the calculated results, the quantitative analysis for the reinforcement effectof the rock slope with group pre-stressed anchorage cable was discovered.The resultscomputed by the software conform with the data in the experiment, which canprove the effectiveness and correctness of parameter selection and model building.

Study on critical conditions for rock failure by means of group renormalization

A study of the characteristics of the accumulative rock failure and its evolution byapplication of the group renormalization method were presented. In addition, the interactionand long-range correlated effects between the immediate neighboring units was studied.The concept of mechanical transference for model OFC, employed in the study ofself-organized criticality, and the coefficient a were introduced into the calculation model forgroup renormalization. With the introduction, mechanisms for the drastic increase and decrease of failure intensity of rocks were investigated under similar macro-conditions.

THE STUDY OF META-BASIC-ULTRABASIC ROCKS IN THEPROTEROZOIC DANZHOU GROUP,NORTHERN GUANGXI:A NEW VIEW

Recent geological study and survey on the scale of 1: 50000 in northern Guangxi have made some advancements: meta-basic-ultrabasic rocks which occured as bedding injection sheets in the Sanrnenjie formation of the Proterozoic Danzhou group and caused contact metamorphism or hydrothermal alteration in adjacent wallrocks, were originated in extensional environment. Basic rocks belong to deep-sea tholeiite. TLe meta-basic -ultrabasic rocks sufferred intense deformation partitioning, resulting in lenticular network which was composed of mylonite zones in highly de formed field and lensoids in less- or non-deformed field. This structural pattern was explained as "melange" or "non-rooted cool intrusion " by previous workers. The deformation partitioning was mainly pure shearing in the early stage plus simple shearing in the later stage. This evolution was closely related to progressive deformation of the Guangxi orogeny.

Reconstruction of protoliths of metamorphic rocks and tectonic setting of Wolegen Group

Parametamorphic rocks from Arong County in southeastern Inner Mongolia-Daxinganling district are regarded as Proterozoic in age,belonging to the Wolegen Group and composed of volcanoclastic and sandstone in origin,and have been disputed in tectonic setting.Because of the stability in metamorphism,the rare earth elements indicate the features of their protoliths.The authors integrated the petrologic methods with the geochemical parameters which include ∑REE,∑LREE/∑HREE,δCe,δEu,La/Yb,Sm/Nd,Th/Sc and the standard values of chondrite.The results show that the protoliths of Wolengen Group may be a group of volcanoclastic and continental margin clastic rocks,and their tectonic setting is the continent island arc.

Geochemistry of Platinum Group Elements in Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks of Xinjie Intrusion

The platinum group elements (PGE) in the mafic ultramafic suite in the Xinjie layered intrusion and associated basalts and syenites were analyzed using neutron activation techniques after fire assay preconcentration. On this basis, the geochemistry of the platinum group during the magmatic stage is discussed. With respect to PGE distribution, the Xinjie layered intrusion is similar to the Bushveld ferruginous ultramafic series and is distinct from komatiite and Alpine type peridotite. It is also similar to the Emeishan basalt in PGE characteristics, implying that the original magmas of them may be of the same type.

纳米颗粒改变碳酸盐岩凝析气藏储层润湿性评价

为了改变凝析气藏近井储层润湿性,有效解除凝析气反凝析伤害,采用X射线衍射、低温N 2吸附和扫描电子显微镜观测等方法,对氟化SiO 2纳米颗粒结构特征进行了研究,评价了不同矿物含量碳酸盐岩岩心对氟化SiO 2纳米颗粒的吸附程度;通过开展接触角测定、自发渗吸、岩心驱替单相和两相渗流实验,研究了纳米颗粒吸附前后岩石润湿性、自发渗吸效率、单相渗流压差、油气两相相对渗透率曲线以及凝析油采收率的变化。结果显示:氟化SiO 2纳米颗粒形状近似均匀球体,平均颗粒粒径为30.34 nm,平均孔径为20.00 nm;氟化SiO 2纳米颗粒在碳酸盐岩表面的吸附量随孔隙度的增大而增加,但在低渗透岩心中,吸附量和润湿接触角的变化幅度还随方解石含量的增加而增大;纳米颗粒吸附后岩石的油气两相共渗区变宽,等渗点向左上方移动,最大油气相对渗透率均大幅增加,束缚水饱和度和残余油饱和度明显降低;氟化SiO 2纳米颗粒能在约10 min内吸附在岩石表面,将强亲油、强亲水的液体润湿型岩石转变为中间(气体)润湿型,降低孔隙中毛管压力和凝析油渗流阻力,提高气、油两相的相对渗透率,达到解堵提产增效的效果。该研究结果具有极大的现场应用推广价值。

准噶尔盆地卡姆斯特地区石树沟群砂岩地球化学特征及其对源岩的指示

为揭示卡姆斯特地区石树沟群的源岩性质和构造背景,探讨其对砂岩型铀成矿作用的影响,对该区的石树沟群砂岩开展了岩石学及地球化学研究。结果表明,石树沟群砂岩以岩屑砂岩为主,成熟度低,富集Cs、U、Cr、Hf,亏损Nb、Ta、Th;整体具轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损、Eu负异常特征,与卡拉麦里造山带中酸性岩浆岩稀土元素特征具有相似性;沉积物源为卡拉麦里造山带,源岩主要为富铀的中酸性岩浆岩,形成构造背景为活动大陆边缘-大陆岛弧环境。石树沟群的源岩为砂岩型铀成矿提供了物质来源。

巴基斯坦东部海域中生代地层发现与油气意义

巴基斯坦海域历经60余年油气勘探,长期以新生界为主要目标,对中生代地层展布、构造演化特征等认识不清。巴基斯坦东部海域中—新生代时期经历了复杂的构造—沉积演化过程,新生代受喜马拉雅隆升影响而沉积了巨量陆缘碎屑物质,因此是研究诸多重大基础科学问题的极佳场所。受白垩纪晚期区域火成岩影响,对该区中生代地层是否存在、如何展布等问题一直存在较大争议,这极大限制了区域油气勘探活动的开展。本研究基于新采集的高品质二维地震剖面,突破了火成岩层的屏蔽作用,通过地震反射界面刻画、地震波组特征分析和层速度分析等手段,揭示了中生代地层在巴基斯坦东部海域广泛分布,中生代地层受控于同期活动的强烈伸展断陷作用,被隆坳相间的构造古地理格局分割在多个规模不等的次级凹陷内部。整体厚度800~10000 m,表现为东南厚、西北薄,向北和向西超覆,最大沉积厚度位于研究区东南和西北两个区域,该套地层在陆域下印度河盆地已证实为重要烃源岩层,因此海域中生代地层的发现有效拓展了该区未来油气勘探方向和潜在价值。

中国大规模盐穴储氢需求与挑战

氢能是来源广泛且低碳清洁的能源,大力发展氢能产业是实现双碳目标和应对全球能源转型的重要举措。在氢能“制备―储存―运输―应用”全产业链中,储氢难问题长期制约着氢能产业高质量发展。盐穴储氢具有成本低、规模大、安全性高和储氢纯度高等突出优势,是未来氢能大规模储备的重要发展方向,也是我国能源低碳转型的重大战略需求。综合调研了我国制氢产业和氢能消费现状,分析了我国盐穴储氢的需求。调研了国外利用盐穴储存天然气和氢气的技术及工程现状,总结了我国盐穴储气库发展和建设历程。对比了利用盐穴储存天然气、氦气、压缩空气和氢气的异同点,提出我国盐穴储氢面临三大科技挑战:层状盐岩氢气渗透与生化反应、盐穴储氢库井筒完整性管控、储氢库群灾变孕育与防控。研究成果明确了我国氢气储备需求的快速增长趋势和大规模盐穴储氢的重点攻关方向。

急倾斜脉群钨矿开采过渡区围岩力学环境变化特征研究

随着现代化采矿工艺的发展,急倾斜脉群矿体正由传统的浅孔留矿法向更高效的阶段矿房法转变,采区围岩力学环境扰动规律也随之改变,特别是在2种采矿方法接替的开采过渡区,可能存在围岩力学环境分布规律的盲区。基于声发射测定的初始地应力采用FLAC3D软件模拟研究了过渡区开采中段采区围岩的力学环境变化特征。结果表明:①上部采区经浅孔留矿法回采出矿后,采区上下盘围岩受到拉应力作用且存在采场边帮松脱的趋势,单脉采场间围岩受应力作用不均匀导致上下端位移交错分布,采区上下盘围岩及单脉采场间围岩以剪切塑性区为主,有发生剪切破坏的风险。②下部采区经阶段矿房法回采出矿后,采区的应力集中现象更加明显,采场顶板出现沉降趋势,采区上下盘围岩向竖直方向变形且两采区位移较连续,采区的顶底板主要为拉伸塑性区且上下盘围岩存在较大范围的剪切塑性区,预示着采区围岩可能同时存在张拉和剪切破坏风险。③对采空区及时进行废石嗣后充填能够有效抑制应力集中现象。矿山在开采过渡区生产时应严格控制上下部相邻采场的开采、充填时序,避免超前开采,进而最大程度抑制应力集中导致的围岩变形、失稳等不利影响。

内蒙古中部乌拉山-大青山地区富铝片麻岩年代学特征

内蒙古中部乌拉山-大青山出露的乌拉山岩群是一套变质程度达高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相的早前寒武纪高级变质岩系。为划分乌拉山-大青山地区富铝片麻岩的原岩形成时代与变质时代,通过对侵入乌拉山岩群黑云石榴斜长片麻岩的变质深成体—石英闪长质片麻岩和紫苏花岗质片麻岩变质深成体进行年代学研究。结果表明:紫苏花岗质片麻岩(TW7)的加权平均年龄为(2 462±13)Ma,花岗闪长质片麻岩(D1227)加权平均年龄为(2 512±24)Ma,由于后期构造事件对岩石的改造,岩体的实际年龄应更大一些。由此限定乌拉山富铝片麻岩原岩的形成年代早于2.5 Ga。石英闪长质片麻岩(TWB6)具有两期变质年龄,分别为2.2 Ga和1.9 Ga,指示乌拉山-大青山地区遭受过古元古代早期和晚期构造热事件叠加改造。上述研究结果表明,乌拉山-大青山地区富铝片麻岩最晚形成时代限定在2.5 Ga。

河南卢氏苇园沟金矿区地球化学特征与找矿前景分析

河南卢氏苇园沟金矿区位于华北陆块南缘北秦岭多金属成矿带,出露地层主要为宽坪岩群,瓦穴子断层及其次级断裂横贯矿区,是该区主要控矿构造,区内变质变形作用强烈.在矿区地质特征、矿区地球化学特征研究的基础上,通过元素相关性分析、地球化学元素分布与构造展布研究,发现异常和金矿(化)体与构造在空间上对应关系较好,异常范围有一定位移;宽坪岩群有利于成矿,对岩性具一定选择性.根据元素组合特征判断矿床总体剥蚀较浅.综合认为研究区Au元素单一富集,主成矿元素Au与其他元素相关性较低;Au元素异常主要围绕断裂带分布,金矿(化)体展布严格受构造控制,研究区具较大可能形成单一元素金矿床.

云南澜沧地区澜沧岩群变质岩石类型特征与原岩恢复

云南澜沧地区澜沧岩群出露于昌宁-孟连结合带西部,划分为曼来岩组片岩,原岩为泥岩、粉砂质泥质岩、泥质粉砂岩类;惠民岩组钠长千枚岩,原岩为流纹岩;南坑河岩组变质石英砂岩,原岩为石英砂岩。为一套含火山陆源碎屑沉积,其沉积环境为被动陆缘。澜沧岩群变质带经历了三期变形变质作用,早期为加里东期,主变质时期为华力西期,后期局部叠加印支期动力变质作用。

深部近距离煤层群下分层巷道分区支护技术

为实现深部近距离煤层群下分层巷道安全,以张双楼煤矿21916工作面为工程背景,分析了工作面冲击地压影响因素,划分了21916工作面掘进期间巷道冲击危险区域;建立了煤层合并区域下分层回采巷道数值模型,研究了9煤层21916工作面巷道内错7煤采空区不同距离时应力和位移分布规律,确定了下分层巷道合理位置;基于冲击危险区域划分结果,提出了分区支护技术,并设计了支护参数。现场实测表明,下分层巷道最大两帮移近量为164 mm,最大顶底板移近量为84 mm,顶板深部和浅部的离层量不大于3 mm,帮部锚杆和顶部的锚索受力变化较小,顶锚杆受力从8 kN增加到12 kN后趋于稳定,表明21916工作面巷道布置合理,分区防冲支护技术合理,支护质量与效果显著。研究结果可为类似条件工作面防冲支护提供借鉴。

滇西南大红山群变火山-沉积岩地球化学属性、年代格架及其构造意义

云南新平地区大红山群出露于扬子地块西南缘,主要由低绿片岩相-角闪岩相变质的火山-沉积岩组成。大红山群的岩石成因、年代格架及其形成的构造背景缺乏系统研究,制约了地质学家们全面认识和理解扬子西南缘<~1.75 Ga的构造演化历史。本文以大红山群底部老厂河组变沉积岩及其内部变火山岩夹层为重点研究对象,开展岩相学、全岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb定年等综合研究。岩石地球化学研究结果表明,变沉积岩的化学成分与大陆上地壳沉积物成分接近,原岩为成熟度较高的泥岩/页岩,未经历沉积再循环,形成于被动大陆边缘的构造背景;变火山岩原岩化学成分相当于钙碱性过铝质A型流纹岩,形成于造山后的大陆裂谷拉张环境。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,老厂河组变沉积岩的碎屑锆石记录了2.3~2.2 Ga和1.9~1.75 Ga两个主年龄峰以及2.7~2.6 Ga次年龄峰。结合前人研究结果,表明大红山群物源主要来源于扬子地块西南缘的太古宙-古元古代基底岩石。变火山岩样品的岩浆锆石核部记录了1713~1711 Ma的年龄,应代表老厂河组原岩的形成时代,锆石的变质增生边限定峰期变质时代为约843 Ma。综合前人研究结果表明,大红山群普遍经历了849~837 Ma的新元古代变质事件。综上所述,扬子地块西南缘的大红山群完好记录了与Columbia超大陆裂解有关的非造山岩浆活动,新元古代变质事件可能与Rodinia超大陆裂解和聚合过程密切相关。