Effects of flat and elongated aggregates on the performance of porous asphalt mixture

Four fat and elongated(F&E)contents(0%,original,30%,and 40%)were investigated to evaluate the effects of F&Eparticles on the performance of porous asphalt mixture(P A).Laboratory tests including volumetric determination,two-dimensional image analysis,Cantabro loss tests,breakdown tests,and permeability tests were conducted to evaluate the volumetric properties,the state of stone-onstone contact,durability,skeleton stability and permeability of PA,respectively.The test results indicate that the F&E content was a significant factor for total air voids,aggregate skeleton break down,and permeability.The functionality,rutting resistance,long-term durability,and skeleton stability decrease with the increase of F&E content since F&E aggregates in porous asphalt mixtures have a tendency to breakdown.Compared with traditional dense graded mixtures,PA is more sensitive to the F&E content due to an open graded aggregate structure.Therefore,the stricter requiement for F&E content should be met for porous asphalt mixtures than the one for traditional deese graded mixture.

Effect of aggregate gradation on low temperature performance of asphalt paving mixtures

Low temperature cracking has become one of the important factors that diminish asphalt pavement's ride quality and service life.Especially in cold region,cracking caused by low temperature is the main distress form.This paper discussed the effect of aggregate gradation on the low temperature performance in asphalt paving mixtures.A total of 11 asphalt mixtures with 11 different aggregate gradations and one asphalt binder content were studied.Volumetric properties of the coarse aggregate and asphalt mixtures showed aggregate grading has a significant impact on the degree of aggregate interlock in asphalt mixtures.A trend is existed in the low temperature performance with the change of gradation.With the aid of mathematic statistics,it indicates gradation affects the low temperature performance significantly.The findings also indicate the relationship between the degree of aggregate interlock in asphalt mixtures and the low temperature performance:With the stone-to-stone contact developed,the mixture has a high energy to resist contract and deformation at low temperature.The properties of fine aggregate and asphalt play an important part in resisting low temperature cracking in floating structure.But it provides lower energy to resist low temperature cracking compared to the skeleton structure.

Engineering properties of sintered waste sludge as lightweight aggregate in a densified concrete mixture

The global trend towards carbon reduction,energy conservation,and sustainable use of resources has led to an increased focus on the use of waste sludge in construction.We used waste sludge from a reservoir to produce high-strength sintered lightweight aggregate,and then used the densified mixture design algorithm to create high-performance concrete from the sintered aggregate with only small amounts of mixing water and cement.Ultrasonic,electrical resistance and concrete strength efficiency tests were perfo...

Asbestos Tailings as Aggregates for Asphalt Mixture

To use many asbestos tailings collected in Ya-Lu highway,and to explore the feasibility of using asbestos tailings as aggregates in common asphalt mixtures,and properties of some asphalt mixtures were evaluated as well.X-ray diffraction （XRD）,X-ray fluorescent （XRF）,and atomic absorption spectrophotometry （AAS） were employed to determine the solid waste content of copper,zinc,lead,and cadmium.Volume properties and pavement performances of AC-25 asphalt mixture with asbestos tailings were also evaluated compared with those with basalt as aggregates.XRD and XRF measurement results infer that asbestos tailing is an excellent road material.Volume properties of AC-25 asphalt mixture with asbestos tailings satisfied the related specifications.No heavy metals and toxic pollution were detected in AAS test and the value of pH test is 8.23,which is help to the adhesion with asphalt in the asphalt concrete.When compared with basalt,high temperature property and the resistance to low temperature cracking of AC-25 asphalt mixture was improved by using asbestos tailings as aggregates.In-service AC-25 asphalt pavement with asbestos tailings also presented excellent performance and British Pendulum Number （BPN） coefficient of surface.

Determination Method for Shear Strength Parameters of Rock-Soil Mixtures Using Close-Range Photogrammetry and 3-D Limit Equilibrium Theory

Using a combination of close-range photogrammetry and three-dimensional(3-D) limit equilibrium theory, a determination method for the shear strength parameters of rock-soil mixture is presented. A close-range photogrammetry method is used for measurement of the 3-D terrain of the experimental target. Auto CAD Lisp and EXCEL VBA are used to perform 3-D limit equilibrium analysis of the stability of sliding mass and perform backanalysis of shear strength parameters. The presented method was used to determine the shear strength parameters of rock-soil mixtures at the Liyuan Hydropower Station. The 3-D terrain of sliding surface could be measured notably well using of closerange photogrammetry. The computed results reveal that the cohesion and friction angle of rock-soil mixtures were 3.15 k Pa and 29.88o for test A, respectively, and 4.43 k Pa and 28.30o for test B, respectively, within the range of shear strength parameters, as determined by field and laboratory tests. The computation of shear strength parameters is influenced by the mesh grid number, especially the cohesion of the rock-soil mixture. The application of close-range photogrammetry can reduce the siteworks and improve the computational efficiency and accuracy.

Significance of Nanoparticles Aggregation with Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux on the Water and Ethylene Glycol Mixture Based MWCNTs-Nanofluid Flow over a Stretching Cylinder

This work aims to analyze the flow of electrically conducting MWCNTs-nanofluid over a stretching cylinder with the aggregation and non-aggregation effects of nanoparticles. The working fluid comprised a combination of water and ethylene glycol, with volumetric proportions of (50:50) considered. Convective boundary constraints and modified Fourier law are implemented in heat transmission assessment. The mathematical flow model is formulated in the form of PDEs and is transformed into ODEs via similarity transformation. Numerical outcomes will be obtained with the use of the bvp4c technique and will be displayed with the help of graphs and tables. The results show that the surface drag coefficient is enhanced in the case of aggregation of nanoparticles whereas heat transfer rate is enhanced in the non-aggregation effect of nanoparticles. Furthermore, the temperature distribution enhances the increasing values of particle volume fraction in the case of aggregation effects of nanoparticles whereas temperature distribution lowers in the case of non-aggregation effect of nanoparticles. .

Discrete element modeling of migration and evolution rules of coarse aggregates in the static compaction process

To investigate migration and evolution rules of coarse aggregates in the static compaction process, an algorithm of generating digital coarse aggregates that can reflect real morphology（ such as shape, size and fracture surface） of aggregate particles, is represented by polyhedral particles based on the discrete element method（ DEM）. A digital specimen comprised of aggregates and air voids is developed. In addition,a static compaction model consisting of a digital specimen and three plates is constructed and a series of evaluation indices such as mean contact force σMCF, wall stress in direction of zcoordinate σWSZZ, porosity and coordination numbers are presented to investigate the motion rules of coarse aggregates at different compaction displacements of 7. 5, 15 and 30 mm. The three-dimensional static compaction model is also verified with laboratory measurements. The results indicate that the compaction displacements are positively related to σMCF and σWSZZ, which increase gradually with the increase in iterative steps. When the compaction proceeds, the digital specimen porosity decreases, but the coordination number increases. The variation ranges of these four indices are different at different compaction displacements. This study provides a method to analyze the compaction mechanism of particle materials such as asphalt mixture and graded broken stone.

Design Method and Performance for Large Stone Porous Asphalt Mixtures

Design method for large stone porous asphalt mixtures （LSPM） was analyzed to avoid the early distresses of semi-rigid asphalt pavements. Based on stone-to-stone skeleton structure concept, processes of LSPM gradation design was given. The gradation composite design for LSPM shows that the LSPM nominal maximum size （ N MS） should be larger than 26.5 mm, and the NMS sieve passing percentage should be greater than 50%. Through experiments and calculations on the volume properties of the aggregate, the range of aggregate gradation curve of LSPM was given. In terms of asphalt binder＇s normalized test results, MAC-70 and SBS modified asphalt were selected as the asphalt binders. The applicability of large scale Marshall Method and gyratory compaction method to shape specimens was investigated. Based on the asphalt mixture performance evaluation, the optimum asphalt content range （3.1%-3.6%）, the bitumen film＇s thickness range （13-16 μm） and the air void range （13%-18 %） were recommended. Finally, LSPM was tested by the laboratory performance tests including rutting resistance test, fatigue test and water stability test. The theoretic and practical analysis shows that LSPM has a good performance on water permeability, rutting resistance and reflection crack resistance.

Design and evaluation of glasphalt mixtures by using recycled waste cullet

A glass crusher was developed to improve the waste glass crushing process.The waste glass was recycled,crushed and sieved to different particle sizes as glass aggregates,and the surface of glass aggregates was treated by nano-Fe2O3 suspension to improve the anti-striping property.The glasphalt mixture made by partly replacing mineral aggregates with glass aggregates was designed and evaluated.The sizes of glass aggregates were selected to be 2.36 and 4.75 mm,and the optimum concentration of nano-Fe2O3 suspension was determined to be 10%.The optimum asphalt content(OAC)was determined by the Marshall method and the glass aggregate content.The influence of the glass aggregate content on the technical properties of glasphalt mixtures were analyzed by the rutting test,three-point bending test,freeze-thaw splitting test and skid resistance test.The results show that the optimal content of glass aggregates and OAC are recommended to be 15%and 4.4%,respectively.These environmentally-friendly glasphalt mixtures can solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste glass,as well as reducing the cost of pavement materials and construction.

Feasibility Study of Applying Recycled Aggregate from Building Debris in Concrete

Coarse and fine aggregate constitutes an average of approximately 55% to 80% of the total volume of concrete materials.Concrete remains the most commonly-used building material worldwide.As a result,the massive use of aggregate will have a direct impact on the earth′s natural resources if an appropriate replacement material is not found,violating the spirit of sustainable development.This study makes a preliminary examination of using coarse and fine aggregate produced from discarded construction materials in concrete.Results indicate that the compressive strength of densified mixture concrete at 28 days can reach 56.88 MPa(recycled materials used as coarse aggregate,and natural sand used as fine aggregate)and 53.33 MPa(recycled materials used as both coarse and fine aggregate).While this type of material is not yet fully understood,further research into this area should enable feasible applications in concrete.However,unsuitable mixtures have serious impact on the durability and overall economy of concrete.Pending further research on suitable mixture designs,a complete application of recycled aggregate in concrete can be expected.

New method to quantitatively evaluate the homogeneity of asphalt mixtures

To evaluate the homogeneity of asphalt mixtures,the images of sections obtained by cutting the asphalt mixtures specimen horizontally or vertically were analyzed with digital image processing techniques,and the particle area ratio was achieved by applying sector scan for horizontal specimen and vertical scan for vertical one.The research result indicates that the influence of random distribution of aggregates in cutting the specimen can be eliminated by using colored aggregates to distinguish coarse and fine aggregates and using color threshold to segment the images.Choosing three typical gradations,proving particle area ratio obeying normal distribution and using the variability of particle area ratio as an index,it is feasible to quantitatively evaluate the homogeneity of asphalt mixtures.

改进RHGSO-FC算法的RGB-D图像GMM聚类分割

随着低成本深度图像传感器的引入,在RGB-D图像中进行可靠的图像分割是计算机视觉的一个目标,而如何对杂乱的场景进行图像分割具有挑战性。基于随机亨利气体溶解度优化算法的模糊聚类(RHGSO-FC),提出一种新的RGB-D图像分割方法。对亨利气体溶解度优化算法(HGSO)进行改进,提出改进的亨利气体溶解度优化算法(LRHGSO),并利用基于改进亨利气体溶解度优化算法的核模糊聚类(LRHGSO-KFC)生成初始化标签。将初始化标签传入到高斯混合(GMM)聚类中,得到多个聚类结果。最后对这些聚类结果通过聚集超像素方法进行分割合并,得到最终分割结果。实验数据集采用NYU depth V2室内图像,与现有的一些分割方法:阈值分割算法、硬C-均值、模糊C-均值、高斯混合聚类、核模糊聚类、模糊子空间聚类、混沌Kbest引力搜索算法和随机亨利气体溶解度优化算法进行比较,结果表明提出的RGB-D分割算法优于其他比较的算法。

精细化分离再生集料在SMA-13混合料中的应用研究

在“双碳”背景下,公路养护产生的废旧沥青混合料(Recycled Asphalt Pavement,RAP)处理成为焦点。精细化油石分离技术通过高效分离老化沥青与集料,优化旧料分档,显著提升了RAP掺配比例与利用率,促进了交通绿色转型。首先,探讨精细化分离工艺,预估RAP细料老化沥青性能,评估其最大掺量。其次,对比精细化分离与常规破碎筛分的SMA-13混合料,设计最优配合比与沥青用量。最后,通过路用性能评价,验证精细化分离SMA-13在高温、低温、水稳及疲劳性能上的优越性,为绿色养护提供技术支撑。

Use of recycled concrete aggregates in asphalt mixtures for pavements:A review

Large quantities of natural aggregates(NA)are required in the manufacturing of asphalt mixtures for pavements.The extraction of NA generates high environmental impacts that negatively affect environmental preservation and conservation.Diverse alternative materials obtained in construction and demolition processes in civil construction worked have been studies as possible replacements for NA,with the purpose of reducing these environmental impacts.The foregoing study presents a state of knowledge review referring to the use of recycled concrete aggregates(RCA)when these are used in the manufacturing of asphalt mixtures(mainly hot-mix asphalt HMA type).Environmental aspects are presented,as well as possible benefits and limitations of using RCA as replacements for NA in asphalt mixtures.However,it is not possible to establish a behavior pattern,since the characteristics of the RCA are very heterogeneous and vary from the original source of the concrete.It is highlighted from the literature that RCA has a wide potential for use in the manufacture of asphalt mixtures,since in most studies,the mixtures with these materials comply the quality requirements contemplated by the construction specifications,mainly in low-volume roads.Additionally,based on the literature review,some recommendations and suggestions are presented for future research.

Numerical study of soil-rock mixture:Generation of random aggregate structure

The soil-rock mixture(SRM) is highly heterogeneous. Before carrying out numerical analysis,a structure model should be generated. A reliable way to obtain such structure is by generating random aggregate structure based on random sequential addition(RSA). The classical RSA is neither efficient nor robust since valid positions to place new inclusions are formulated by trial, which involves repetitive overlapping tests. In this paper, the algorithm of Entrance block between block A and B(EAB)is synergized with background mesh to redesign RSA so that permissible positions to place new inclusions can be predicted,resulting in dramatic improvement in efficiency and robustness.

基于3D激光扫描技术的粗集料三维形态特征分析

为了能够建立精确的沥青混合料细观力学模型、优化混合料性能,需要先构建具有真实形态学特征的集料模型并计算分析集料形态参数,利用3D激光扫描技术采集了辉绿岩、石灰岩、玄武岩与卵石4种集料共500颗样本的三维点云数据,通过球谐函数简化集料模型,建立了三维集料样本库。归纳总结了现有集料的形态指标,通过皮尔逊相关性分析,选取F_(I)、A_(I)定量表征粗集料三维形态特征,对不同种类以及粒径集料的F_(I)、A_(I)进行统计分析。研究结果显示:当球谐序列阶数为10,三角形映射网格数为643时,简化后集料模型基本形状、体积与表面积均与真实集料非常接近;集料的F_(I)、A_(I)服从正态分布与对数正态分布,且随集料类型和粒径的变化而变化。

基于球谐函数的三维集料简化与重构方法

建立高效的三维集料重构方法是开展沥青混合料虚拟实验的必要前提。利用3D激光扫描仪采集500颗集料的点云数据,经正二十面体剖分简化后通过球谐函数表征其三维形态。分析集料的体积、表面积、形状指数FI、棱角性指数AI随点云数量与球谐阶数的变化规律,确定点云的简化标准。计算简化集料10阶球谐系数,得到121个球谐系数的累积分布曲线,根据分布特性采用Monte Carlo方法随机生成1 400组球谐系数,实现集料的几何重构,对比真实集料与虚拟集料AI、FI的分布特性,验证重构方法的有效性。结果表明:可采用642个数据点与10阶球谐函数实现集料的有效简化;虚拟集料的FIv、AIv分布范围均可包含真实集料的参数值。研究成果可以为沥青混合料的细观模型构建提供基础。

路面材料典型力学参数的不确定度评定试验研究

为测试反映对象、仪器、方法、条件等对结果的影响,从而获取更加可靠、更加接近实际的路面材料力学参数代表值,本研究基于测量不确定度理论,以水稳碎石以及AC-16C型沥青混合料为研究对象,提出使用合成标准不确定度来代替标准差计算代表值,确定对测量结果有影响的标准方差合成公式,并对测量结果进行A类及B类不确定度评定,采用蒙特卡洛法(MCM)对评定结果进行了验证。研究结果表明:使用合成标准不确定度代替标准差计算代表值用于结构设计时更为保守,更能准确反映工程实际情况;基于测量不确定度理论获取的路面力学参数代表值,能够有效反映路面材料力学参数的不确定性,从而影响路面结构力学计算和路面后期性能的不确定性;《测量不确定度表示指南》(GUM)的适用范围较为广泛,但对于非线性测量模型以及数学模型中具有强相关分量时所得结论误差较大;相比于MCM,GUM评定过程相对复杂且容易出错。本研究结果有望为准确评定路面材料典型力学参数代表值提供参考,有助于推动测量不确定度评定理论在设计、施工、质量控制等领域的推广应用。

复掺纤维对再生粗集料沥青混合料性能影响的研究

为提高建筑垃圾利用率,改善再生粗集料沥青混合料(RA-AM)的路用性能,研究复掺纤维在沥青混合料中的质量掺量为0.3%,选定木质纤维与玄武岩纤维的质量比分别为0∶1、1∶3、1∶1、3∶1和1∶0,以确定RA-AM中木质纤维(XF)和玄武岩纤维(BF)的最优复掺比例。结果表明:随着木质纤维占比的提高,MS、T、动稳定度、MS 1、MS 0先增加后降低,FL先降低后增加,复掺比例为25%即m(木质纤维):m(玄武岩纤维)=1∶3时MS、T、动稳定度、MS 1、MS 0最大,FL最小,相比纯沥青,此时混合料的MS增加75.55%,FL降低29.38%,T增加148.46%,动稳定度增加57.62%,MS 1增加120.59%,MS 0增加25.66%。因此复掺BF和XF比单掺效果更好,且m(XF)∶m(BF)=1∶3时效果最好。

基于三维随机集料的钢渣沥青混合料微波加热和冷却过程温度模拟

为研究钢渣透水沥青混合料在微波加热和冷却过程中的温度分布以及不同材料之间的传热机理,采用钢渣集料部分替换玄武岩粗集料(4.75~9.50 mm、9.50~13.20 mm),基于三维随机集料构建沥青混合料试件的细观模型,分别模拟了普通玄武岩集料试件(PAC-B)、普通钢渣粗集料试件(PAC-US)及改性钢渣粗集料试件(PAC-MS)3种沥青混合料在连续微波加热和冷却过程的温度分布,并将数值模拟结果与室内试验相互验证。结果表明:无论是加热过程还是冷却过程,沥青砂浆的表面温度分布区域与集料表面温度分布区域均一致,且集料表面的最高温度要大于沥青砂浆的表面最高温度,说明集料吸波能力强于沥青砂浆。在冷却过程中,集料向沥青砂浆传导热量,二者之间温差不断减小。对于同一种试件,集料(2.36~4.75 mm、4.75~9.50 mm、9.50~13.20 mm)粒径在4.75~9.50 mm范围内的体积平均温度最高。加热和冷却过程中,2种钢渣集料试件PAC-US、PAC-MS温度均高于PAC-B。将非均质数值模拟结果与室内试验结果对比,二者吻合度较好,用非均质模型模拟微波加热与冷却过程温度具有可行性。