Purpose:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of photobiomodulation(PBM)in the treatment of diabetic macular edema(DME).Methods:It was a single-center,self-controlled prospective study.The clinical records of 12 di...Purpose:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of photobiomodulation(PBM)in the treatment of diabetic macular edema(DME).Methods:It was a single-center,self-controlled prospective study.The clinical records of 12 diabetic retinopathy patients(5 males and 7 females,20 eyes in total)who were treated with PBM for DME at the Second Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,were analyzed.The mean age was 56(26–68)years.All the participants received PBM treatment during darkness at night in no less than 5 days per week and no less than 8 h per day.In the baseline check and follow-up checks(1,2,6,10,and 12 months after the start of treatment),the best-corrected visual acuity,the thickness of the retina in the macula,and the changes of the fundus lesions were observed.Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the results before and after treatment.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:No fundus complication was observed during follow-up checks.In baseline and 12-month follow-up checks,the best-corrected visual acuity was 71.7512.47 and 79.5010.85,maximal retinal thickness in macular area was 390.9577.12μm and 354.1355.03μm,average retinal thickness in macular area was 334.2536.45μm and 314.3133.28μm,foveal thickness was 287.0046.79μm and 265.6367.14μm.The best-corrected visual acuity,average retinal thickness in macular area in consecutive follow-up results except that in the 1st month showed significant difference compared with baseline results.There were significant difference between every follow-up result and baseline result of maximal retinal thickness in macular area(P<0.05).All follow-up results of foveal thickness were not significantly different(P>0.05)from the baseline result,except that in the 6th month(P?0.049).Obvious improvement could be observed in retinal fundus fluorescein angiography images.Conclusions:PBM is a safe and effective treatment of DME,which deserves further investigation.展开更多
Objective To investigatewhether antioxidants inhibit adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium and furthermore, whether all antioxidants regulate NF-KB activation through a redox sensitive mechanism. Methods The effect of...Objective To investigatewhether antioxidants inhibit adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium and furthermore, whether all antioxidants regulate NF-KB activation through a redox sensitive mechanism. Methods The effect of the antioxidative substances pyrrolidin dithiocarbamat (PDTC), dichloroisocumarin (DCI), chrysin and probucol on the endothelial leukocyte adhesion were examined under near physiological flow conditions. The antioxidative activity of antioxidants was measured in a DCF fluorescence assay with flow cytometry. The activation of NF-kB in endothelial cells was investigated in a gel shift assay. Results PDTC and probucol did not show an inhibitory effect to the formation of intracellular H2O2 in TNFa activated human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) . Chrysin showed a moderate effect. DCI showed a strong antioxidative effect. In contrast, PDTC and chrysin inhibited the adhesion of HL 60 cells to TNFa-stimulated HUVEC. DCI and probucol did not have influence on the adhesion within the area of the examined shear stresses. Only PDTC inhibited the TNFa-induced activation of NF-KB in endothelial cells. Conclusion The inhibition of the endothelial leukocyte adhesion by antioxidative substances is not to be explained by its antioxidative characteristics only. The inhibitory effect of PDTC on NF-KB activation was probably not related to its antioxidative properties. Endothelial cell Antioxidants NF-kappa-B展开更多
Objective:bipolar cells(BCs)communicate with amacrine and ganglion cells of the retina via both transient and sustained neurotransmitter release in ribbon synapses.Reconstructing the published quantitative release dat...Objective:bipolar cells(BCs)communicate with amacrine and ganglion cells of the retina via both transient and sustained neurotransmitter release in ribbon synapses.Reconstructing the published quantitative release data from electrical soma stimulation(voltage clamp experiments)of rat rod BCs were used to develop two simple models to predict the number of released vesicles as time series.In the experiment,the currents coming to the All amacrine cell originating from releasing vesicles from the rod BC were recorded using paired-recordings in whole-cell voltage-clamp method.Method:one of the models is based directly on terminal transmembrane voltage,so-called ‘model’,whereas the temporally exacter modelCa includes changes of intracellular calcium concentrations at terminals.Result:the intracellular calcium concentration method replicates a 0.43 ms signal delay for the transient release to pulsatile stimulation as a consequence of calcium channel dynamics in the presynaptic membrane,while the modelV has no signal delay.Both models produce the quite similar results in low stimuli amplitudes.However,for large stimulation intensities that may be done during extracellular stimulations in retinal implants,the modelCa predicts that the reversal potential of calcium limits the number of transiently released vesicles.Adding sodium and potassium ion channels to the axon of the cell enable to study the impact of spikes on the transient release in BC ribbons.Conclusion:a spike elicited by somatic stimulation causes the rapid release of all vesicles that are available for transient release,while a non-spiking BC with a similar morphometry needs stronger stimuli for any transient vesicle release.During extracellular stimulation,there was almost no difference in transient release between the active and passive cells because in both cases the terminal membrane of the cell senses the same potentials originating from the microelectrode.An exception was found for long pulses when the spike has the possibility to generate a higher terminal voltage than the passive cell.Simulated periodic 5 Hz stimulation showed a reduced transient release of 3 vesicles per stimulus,which is a recovery effect.展开更多
Previously, synthetic hexagonal bismuth sulfide iodide (polar space group P63, a = 15.629(3) ?, c = 4.018(1) ?, Z = 2) has been described by the rather unsatisfactory fractional formula Bi19/3IS9 [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE1...Previously, synthetic hexagonal bismuth sulfide iodide (polar space group P63, a = 15.629(3) ?, c = 4.018(1) ?, Z = 2) has been described by the rather unsatisfactory fractional formula Bi19/3IS9 [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310037003600350038003400370039000000 -[3] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310037003600350038003400370036000000 . A redetermination of the structure using old but reliable photographic intensity data indicated the presence of additional split positions and reduced atomic occupancies. From the observed pattern of this “averaged” structure a consistent model of a superstructure with lattice parameters of a' = √13·a = 56.35(1) ?, c' = c, and a formula Bi5-x(Bi2S3)39I12S emerged, with 2 formula units in a cell of likewise P63 space group. Structural modulation may be provoked by the space the lone electron pair of Bi requires. When Bi on the 0, 0, z position of the “averaged” cell is transferred to two general six-fold sites and one unoccupied twofold one of the super-cell, more structural stability is guaranteed due to compensation of its basal plane dipole momentum. Owing to the limited intensity data available, more details of the superstructure are not accessible yet. Some physical properties and solar cell application are discussed together with suggestions of ambient temperature synthesis routes of c-axis oriented nano-rod sheets.展开更多
The Navier-Stokes equation with the "k-ε" two-equation turbulence model was employed to describe three-dimension flow of melt in aluminum electrolysis cells. For a 160 kA cell with two current risers, the s...The Navier-Stokes equation with the "k-ε" two-equation turbulence model was employed to describe three-dimension flow of melt in aluminum electrolysis cells. For a 160 kA cell with two current risers, the source, i.e. the electromagnetic force, in the momentum equations was solved based on the simulation results of magnetic and temperature fields. Numerical simulation on the three-dimension steady-state flow of melt was carried out. The results obtained about the velocities of molten metal on different planes, the metal/bath interface shape and the electromagnetic force distribution, were analyzed. An iron rod dissolution technique, which is based on the rate of dissolution of iron rods inserted into the melt, was used to measure the velocities of metal pad. The simulation and measurement show that there are two interaction vortexes in horizontal direction. The predictions are in well agreement with the measured results for flow pattern and velocities. It is worthwhile that in the three-dimension simulation, there is also a little change of metal velocities from level to level due to the difference of horizontal current on each level.展开更多
文摘Purpose:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of photobiomodulation(PBM)in the treatment of diabetic macular edema(DME).Methods:It was a single-center,self-controlled prospective study.The clinical records of 12 diabetic retinopathy patients(5 males and 7 females,20 eyes in total)who were treated with PBM for DME at the Second Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,were analyzed.The mean age was 56(26–68)years.All the participants received PBM treatment during darkness at night in no less than 5 days per week and no less than 8 h per day.In the baseline check and follow-up checks(1,2,6,10,and 12 months after the start of treatment),the best-corrected visual acuity,the thickness of the retina in the macula,and the changes of the fundus lesions were observed.Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the results before and after treatment.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:No fundus complication was observed during follow-up checks.In baseline and 12-month follow-up checks,the best-corrected visual acuity was 71.7512.47 and 79.5010.85,maximal retinal thickness in macular area was 390.9577.12μm and 354.1355.03μm,average retinal thickness in macular area was 334.2536.45μm and 314.3133.28μm,foveal thickness was 287.0046.79μm and 265.6367.14μm.The best-corrected visual acuity,average retinal thickness in macular area in consecutive follow-up results except that in the 1st month showed significant difference compared with baseline results.There were significant difference between every follow-up result and baseline result of maximal retinal thickness in macular area(P<0.05).All follow-up results of foveal thickness were not significantly different(P>0.05)from the baseline result,except that in the 6th month(P?0.049).Obvious improvement could be observed in retinal fundus fluorescein angiography images.Conclusions:PBM is a safe and effective treatment of DME,which deserves further investigation.
文摘Objective To investigatewhether antioxidants inhibit adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium and furthermore, whether all antioxidants regulate NF-KB activation through a redox sensitive mechanism. Methods The effect of the antioxidative substances pyrrolidin dithiocarbamat (PDTC), dichloroisocumarin (DCI), chrysin and probucol on the endothelial leukocyte adhesion were examined under near physiological flow conditions. The antioxidative activity of antioxidants was measured in a DCF fluorescence assay with flow cytometry. The activation of NF-kB in endothelial cells was investigated in a gel shift assay. Results PDTC and probucol did not show an inhibitory effect to the formation of intracellular H2O2 in TNFa activated human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) . Chrysin showed a moderate effect. DCI showed a strong antioxidative effect. In contrast, PDTC and chrysin inhibited the adhesion of HL 60 cells to TNFa-stimulated HUVEC. DCI and probucol did not have influence on the adhesion within the area of the examined shear stresses. Only PDTC inhibited the TNFa-induced activation of NF-KB in endothelial cells. Conclusion The inhibition of the endothelial leukocyte adhesion by antioxidative substances is not to be explained by its antioxidative characteristics only. The inhibitory effect of PDTC on NF-KB activation was probably not related to its antioxidative properties. Endothelial cell Antioxidants NF-kappa-B
基金HB was supported by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 674901(switchboard).
文摘Objective:bipolar cells(BCs)communicate with amacrine and ganglion cells of the retina via both transient and sustained neurotransmitter release in ribbon synapses.Reconstructing the published quantitative release data from electrical soma stimulation(voltage clamp experiments)of rat rod BCs were used to develop two simple models to predict the number of released vesicles as time series.In the experiment,the currents coming to the All amacrine cell originating from releasing vesicles from the rod BC were recorded using paired-recordings in whole-cell voltage-clamp method.Method:one of the models is based directly on terminal transmembrane voltage,so-called ‘model’,whereas the temporally exacter modelCa includes changes of intracellular calcium concentrations at terminals.Result:the intracellular calcium concentration method replicates a 0.43 ms signal delay for the transient release to pulsatile stimulation as a consequence of calcium channel dynamics in the presynaptic membrane,while the modelV has no signal delay.Both models produce the quite similar results in low stimuli amplitudes.However,for large stimulation intensities that may be done during extracellular stimulations in retinal implants,the modelCa predicts that the reversal potential of calcium limits the number of transiently released vesicles.Adding sodium and potassium ion channels to the axon of the cell enable to study the impact of spikes on the transient release in BC ribbons.Conclusion:a spike elicited by somatic stimulation causes the rapid release of all vesicles that are available for transient release,while a non-spiking BC with a similar morphometry needs stronger stimuli for any transient vesicle release.During extracellular stimulation,there was almost no difference in transient release between the active and passive cells because in both cases the terminal membrane of the cell senses the same potentials originating from the microelectrode.An exception was found for long pulses when the spike has the possibility to generate a higher terminal voltage than the passive cell.Simulated periodic 5 Hz stimulation showed a reduced transient release of 3 vesicles per stimulus,which is a recovery effect.
文摘Previously, synthetic hexagonal bismuth sulfide iodide (polar space group P63, a = 15.629(3) ?, c = 4.018(1) ?, Z = 2) has been described by the rather unsatisfactory fractional formula Bi19/3IS9 [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310037003600350038003400370039000000 -[3] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310037003600350038003400370036000000 . A redetermination of the structure using old but reliable photographic intensity data indicated the presence of additional split positions and reduced atomic occupancies. From the observed pattern of this “averaged” structure a consistent model of a superstructure with lattice parameters of a' = √13·a = 56.35(1) ?, c' = c, and a formula Bi5-x(Bi2S3)39I12S emerged, with 2 formula units in a cell of likewise P63 space group. Structural modulation may be provoked by the space the lone electron pair of Bi requires. When Bi on the 0, 0, z position of the “averaged” cell is transferred to two general six-fold sites and one unoccupied twofold one of the super-cell, more structural stability is guaranteed due to compensation of its basal plane dipole momentum. Owing to the limited intensity data available, more details of the superstructure are not accessible yet. Some physical properties and solar cell application are discussed together with suggestions of ambient temperature synthesis routes of c-axis oriented nano-rod sheets.
文摘The Navier-Stokes equation with the "k-ε" two-equation turbulence model was employed to describe three-dimension flow of melt in aluminum electrolysis cells. For a 160 kA cell with two current risers, the source, i.e. the electromagnetic force, in the momentum equations was solved based on the simulation results of magnetic and temperature fields. Numerical simulation on the three-dimension steady-state flow of melt was carried out. The results obtained about the velocities of molten metal on different planes, the metal/bath interface shape and the electromagnetic force distribution, were analyzed. An iron rod dissolution technique, which is based on the rate of dissolution of iron rods inserted into the melt, was used to measure the velocities of metal pad. The simulation and measurement show that there are two interaction vortexes in horizontal direction. The predictions are in well agreement with the measured results for flow pattern and velocities. It is worthwhile that in the three-dimension simulation, there is also a little change of metal velocities from level to level due to the difference of horizontal current on each level.
