Recent advances of metal vacancies in energy and environmental catalysis:Synthesis,characterization,and roles

With the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels,energy and environmental issues have become increasingly critical,necessitating the search for effective solutions.Catalysis,being one of the hallmarks of modern industry,offers a promising avenue for researchers.However,the question of how to significantly enhance the performance of catalysts has gradually drawn the attention of scholars.Defect engineering,a commonly employed and effective approach to improve catalyst activity,has become a significant research focus in the catalysis field in recent years.Nonmetal vacancies have received extensive attention due to their simple form.Consequently,exploration of metal vacancies has remained stagnant for a considerable period,resulting in a scarcity of comprehensive reviews on this topic.Therefore,based on the latest research findings,this paper summarizes and consolidates the construction strategies for metal vacancies,characterization techniques,and their roles in typical energy and environmental catalytic reactions.Additionally,it outlines potential challenges in the future,aiming to provide valuable references for researchers interested in investigating metal vacancies.

Understanding the roles of Brønsted/Lewis acid sites on manganese oxide-zeolite hybrid catalysts for low-temperature NH_(3)-SCR

Although metal oxide-zeolite hybrid materials have long been known to achieve enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity in NO_(x)removal reactions through the inter-particle diffusion of intermediate species,their subsequent reaction mechanism on acid sites is still unclear and requires investigation.In this study,the distribution of Brønsted/Lewis acid sites in the hybrid materials was precisely adjusted by introducing potassium ions,which not only selectively bind to Brønsted acid sites but also potentially affect the formation and diffusion of activated NO species.Systematic in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy analyses coupled with selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x)with NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SCR)reaction demonstrate that the Lewis acid sites over MnO_(x)are more active for NO reduction but have lower selectivity to N_(2)than Brønsted acids sites.Brønsted acid sites primarily produce N_(2),whereas Lewis acid sites primarily produce N_(2)O,contributing to unfavorable N_(2)selectivity.The Brønsted acid sites present in Y zeolite,which are stronger than those on MnO_(x),accelerate the NH_(3)-SCR reaction in which the nitrite/nitrate species diffused from the MnO_(x)particles rapidly convert into the N_(2).Therefore,it is important to design the catalyst so that the activated NO species formed in MnO_(x)diffuse to and are selectively decomposed on the Brønsted acid sites of H-Y zeolite rather than that of MnO_(x)particle.For the physically mixed H-MnO_(x)+H-Y sample,the abundant Brønsted/Lewis acid sites in H-MnO_(x)give rise to significant consumption of activated NO species before their inter-particle diffusion,thereby hindering the enhancement of the synergistic effects.Furthermore,we found that the intercalated K+in K-MnO_(x)has an unexpected favorable role in the NO reduction rate,probably owing to faster diffusion of the activated NO species on K-MnO_(x)than H-MnO_(x).This study will help to design promising metal oxide-zeolite hybrid catalysts by identifying the role of the acid sites in two different constituents.

Modeling the Roles of Precipitation Increasing in Glacier Systems Responding to Climate Warming—Taking Xinjiang Glaciated Region as Example

The studies on prediction of climate in Xinjiang almost show that the precipitation would increase in the coming 50 years, although there were surely some uncertainties in precipitation predictions. On the basis of the structure of glacier system and nature of equilibrium line altitude at steady state （ELAo）, a functional model of the glacier system responding to climate changes was established, and it simultaneously involved the rising of summer mean temperature and increasing of mean precipitation. The results from the functional model under the climatic scenarios with temperature increasing rates of 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 K/year indicated that the precipitation increasing would play an evident role in glacier system responding to climate change： if temperature become 1 ℃ higher, the precipitation would be increased by 10%, which can slow down the glaciers retreating rate in the area by 4 %, accelerate runoff increasing rate by 8 % and depress the ELAo rising gradient by 24 m in northern Xinjiang glacier system where semi-continental glaciers dominate, while it has corresponding values of only 1%, 5 % and 18m respectively in southern Xinjiang glacier system, where extremely continental glaciers dominate.

Role of mitochondria in regulating micro RNA activity and its relevance to the central nervous system

Mitochondria serve as the powerhouse of cells,respond to cellular demands and stressors,and play an essential role in cell signaling,differentiation,and survival.Aberrant mitochondria function has been linked to diverse and complex human diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases,cancers,myopathies,premature aging,and metabolic syndromes（Nunnari and Suomalainen,2012）.

Role Dynamic Allocation of Human-Robot Cooperation Based on Reinforcement Learning in an Installation of Curtain Wall

A real-time adaptive roles allocation method based on reinforcement learning is proposed to improve humanrobot cooperation performance for a curtain wall installation task.This method breaks the traditional idea that the robot is regarded as the follower or only adjusts the leader and the follower in cooperation.In this paper,a self-learning method is proposed which can dynamically adapt and continuously adjust the initiative weight of the robot according to the change of the task.Firstly,the physical human-robot cooperation model,including the role factor is built.Then,a reinforcement learningmodel that can adjust the role factor in real time is established,and a reward and actionmodel is designed.The role factor can be adjusted continuously according to the comprehensive performance of the human-robot interaction force and the robot’s Jerk during the repeated installation.Finally,the roles adjustment rule established above continuously improves the comprehensive performance.Experiments of the dynamic roles allocation and the effect of the performance weighting coefficient on the result have been verified.The results show that the proposed method can realize the role adaptation and achieve the dual optimization goal of reducing the sum of the cooperator force and the robot’s Jerk.

Corrigendum to "Role of remote sensing,geographic bioinformatics system and bioinformatics in kala-azar epidemiology" [originally published as J Biomed Res 2011,25(6):373-384;doi:10.1016/S1674-8301(11)60050-X]

The author would like to inform the readers that the correct form of title ＂Role of remote sensing, geographic bioinformatics system and bioinformatics in kala-azar epidemiology＂ , content in ab-stract ＂The computational approaches like remote sensing, geographic information system （GIS） and bioinformatics are the key re-sources for the detection and distribution of vectors, patterns, ecologi- cal and environmental factors and genomic and proteomic analysis.＂, and keyword ＂geographical bioinformatics systems （GIS）＂ should be read as follows： title ＂Role of remote sensing, geographical bioinformation system and bioinformatics in kala-azar epidemiology＂, content in abstract ＂The com-putational approaches like remote sensing, geographical information system （GIS） and bioinformat-ics are the key re-sources for the detection and distribution of vectors, patterns, ecological and envi-ronmental factors and genomic and proteomic analysis.＂, and keyword ＂geographical bioinformation system （GIS） ＂.

The necessary role of mTORC1 in central nervous system axon regeneration

Permanent loss of vital functions after central nervous system （CNS） injury, e.g., blindness in traumatic optic nerve （ON） injury or paralysis in spinal cord injury, occurs in part because axons in the adult mammalian CNS do not regenerate after injury. Growth failure is due to the diminished intrinsic regenerative capacity of mature neurons and the inhibitory environment of the adult CNS. Neutralizing extracellular inhibitory molecules genetically or pharmacologically yields only limited regeneration and functional recovery, highlighting the critical importance of neuron-intrinsic factors.

The Role of Blood Station Quality Management System in the Quality Control of Blood Collection

With the continuous development of China’s medical industry in recent years,relevant staff has also paid more attention to the quality management of blood stations,and China has gradually improved during the setting of laws and regulations for blood station quality management.The policies set by the Chinese government have been fully implemented through the reasonable implementation of relevant staff.With the continuous development of China’s medical industry in recent years,relevant staff have also paid more attention to the quality management of blood stations,and China has gradually improved during the setting of laws and regulations for blood station quality management.The policies set by the Chinese government have been fully implemented through the reasonable implementation of relevant staff.On this basis,the management model of the Chinese blood station has been continuously innovated in the application process,and the blood collection work of the Chinese blood station has been greatly developed.However,when the blood station in China is conducting blood collection,its quality control program is still not fully mature.Therefore,in this context,it is necessary to do a good job in the construction of the corresponding blood station quality management system and make effective adjustments,which will give full play to the role of the management system in the quality control process of blood collection.In this paper,the construction plan of the blood station quality management system is analyzed to explore the role of the blood station quality management system in the process of blood collection quality control,aiming to provide assistance for the quality management of blood collection in China.

The Influence of Academic Self-Efficacy on Learning Engagement in Online Education in China:The Mediating Role of Effort

The shift towards online intelligent learning has become the norm in education and is now a fundamental part of modern educational activities.However,this new model can influence students’learning behavior and lead to changes in their approach to learning.Based on online intelligent learning,we investigated how the academic self-efficacy of nursing students affects their engagement with learning and explored the role of academic attribution as a mediator.Five hundred fifty-three nursing college students from Hebei and Hunan provinces in China participated in the online questionnaire.The results revealed that effort plays a mediating role in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and learning engagement.

Associations between residence and cognitive function among Chinese older adults: the mediating role of leisure activity

Background:Cognitive function is a current research hotspot,residence may be related to differences in cognitive function,and the mediating role of leisure activities are limited in Chinese research.This study used leisure activities as a mediating variable to investigate the mediating role of leisure activity between place of residence(city-town-rural)and cognitive function among Chinese older,this is where the innovation of the article comes in.Methods:Using cross-sectional data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,Pearson correlation analyses were employed to examine the relationships among various indicators.Mediation analyses were conducted using the SPSS PROCESS macro program,version 3.5,written by Hayes,to explore the mediating effects of leisure activity between place of residence and cognitive function in older adults.Results:A total of 10955 older adults were included in this study,with a mean age of(84.23±11.57)years.Among them,2739(24.8%)lived in the city,3627(33.1%)in town,and 4615(42.1%)in rural areas;their leisure activity score was(5.34±3.77),and their cognitive function score was(24.69±6.65).Place of residence,leisure activities,and cognitive function were significantly correlated(P<0.01).Using city as a reference,place of residence is negatively associated with cognitive function,and place of residence not only had a direct effect on cognitive function in older adults:town-cognitive function(effect=–0.399;95%confidence interval(CI)=(–0.685,–0.113));rural-cognitive function(effect=–0.42;95%CI=(–0.698,–0.141)).There were also indirect effects on cognitive function through the pathway of leisure activity:town-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.17;95%CI=(–0.246,–0.1)),rural-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.199;95%CI=(–0.272,–0.13)).Conclusion:Leisure activities play a partially mediating role between the impact of place of residence and cognitive function in Chinese older adults,and it is vital to pay attention to the impact of place of residence on the cognitive function of older adults in various aspects,and to increase the participation rate of older adults in leisure activities,which is beneficial to the prevention of cognitive decline and the protection of older adult’s physical and mental health.

Study on the Promoting Role of Animating Zhuang Non-Heritage Folktales in the Ethnic Culture Industry

This study aims to explore the role of animating Zhuang non-heritage folktales in promoting the national culture industry.Using literature research,case studies,and comparative research methods,the positive impacts are analyzed in depth across four dimensions:cultural value inheritance,market demand,dissemination channels,and industrial innovation.The results show that animating Zhuang non-heritage folktales can help inherit national culture,meet market demand,broaden communication channels,and promote industrial innovation.Finally,this paper proposes corresponding policy suggestions and implementation paths to provide references for the sustainable development of the ethnic culture industry.

Mediating role of fear of progression between sensory processing sensitivity and stigma in lung cancer patients:a cross-sectional study

Objective:To explore the association of sensory processing sensitivity(SPS)and stigma as well as the mediating role of fear of progression(FoP)in lung cancer patients.Methods:Two hundred and forty-two lung cancer patients completed a self-reported questionnaire,which included the highly sensitive person scale(HSPS),fear of progression questionnaire-short form(FoP-Q-SF),and the Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale(CLCSS).Results:CLCSS was positively correlated with FoP(Pearson correlation=0.217,P<0.01)and HSPS(Pearson correlation=0.187,P<0.01),FoP was positively correlated with HSPS(Pearson correlation=0.199,P<0.01).FoP played a mediating role between SPS and stigma(a×b=0.025,95%confidence intervals[CI][0.004,0.054]),and the proportion of mediating effect(ab/c)was 21%(ab=0.025,c=0.120).Conclusions:Patients with higher SPS reported higher level of stigma,and FoP has a mediating role between SPS and stigma.Our discussion deemed that psychological intervention may help higher SPS patients reduce the harm of FoP and further reduce stigma.

Exploration of Teaching Development Strategies for Double-Qualified Teachers in University- Affiliated Hospitals Based on Role Conflict Theory

This study draws on the classic theories and research achievements of university teacher development,and from the perspective of role conflict in social psychology,proposes policy recommendations for the development of clinical teachers in medical colleges,including following different stages of teacher development and designing teaching development strategies at different levels;designing the content and form of teaching development activities to meet the temporal and spatial needs of clinical teachers;and building an academic community for clinical teachers to promote the creation of teaching development behaviors.

Theoretical Analysis and Practical Reflection on the Role Conflict of Double-Qualified Teachers in University-Affiliated Hospitals

Taking role conflict as the starting point,this article examines and reflects on the development of clinical teachers.In the process of the occurrence,development,and resolution of role conflicts among clinical teachers,there are many hidden issues related to the development of clinical teachers.The development of clinical teacher teaching and role conflict management contain similar educational philosophies and practical issues.This study draws on classic theories and research achievements in the development of university teachers and conducts theoretical analysis and practical reflection on the development of clinical teachers in medical colleges from the perspective of role conflict in social psychology.Policy recommendations are proposed,including strengthening the construction of teaching systems at the hospital organizational environment level,enhancing the role identity and teacher beliefs of clinical teachers,promoting their teaching development and academic learning,and ensuring their normal teaching investment;promoting leadership support at the level of interpersonal interaction and leveraging the role of colleague support in alleviating role conflicts;enhancing individual teacher beliefs,teacher role learning,and role skills.

Exploration of the Evolution of Teacher Roles and Professional Development Needs Among University English Instructors

The role of university English instructors has evolved significantly over the years,encompassing various aspects.This paper explores the evolution of the role of university English instructors and examines the current challenges and opportunities they face in today’s educational landscape.It delves into the multifaceted nature of their responsibilities and discusses the importance of continuous professional development to meet the evolving needs of students and the demands of the profession.

The Role of Teachers’Apperception in Herbart’s Theory for Chinese Teaching in Shenzhen Primary Schools of China

This paper deeply analyzes the practical application of Herbart’s educational concept in contemporary education and teaching,especially its guiding significance to the primary school Chinese classroom in Shenzhen area.Herbart proposed that teachers should play a key role in students’cognitive process,that is,help students better understand and master new knowledge by combining it with existing knowledge.The survey results show that although teachers have some understanding of Herbart’s educational philosophy,it is not widely used in the concrete teaching process.However,the study also shows that there is a positive relationship between Herbart’s theory and students’academic performance,indicating that it plays an important role in improving students’interest and engagement in learning.The research also reveals the differences between educational concepts and practices,as well as the uneven distribution of educational resources,and puts forward measures to alleviate these contradictions,such as strengthening teacher training,improving teaching methods,and emphasizing moral education.At the same time,the study also highlights the critical role of teachers in promoting knowledge integration,arousing learning enthusiasm,shaping students’moral character,and promoting personal and professional growth.

Analyzing the role of extracellular matrix during nervous system development to advance new regenerative strategies

Regeneration in the central nervous system （CNS） is limited, and CNS damage often leads to cognitive impairment or permanent functional motor and sensory loss. Impaired regenerative capacity is multifactorial and includes inflammation, loss of the blood-brain barrier, and alteration in the extracellular matrix （ECM）. One of the main problems is the formation of a glial scar and the production of inhibitory ECM, such as proteoglycans, that generates a physical and mechanical barrier, impeding axonal regrowth （Figure 1A）.

The emerging roles of transplanted radial glial cells in regenerating the central nervous system

Scientists conclude that a combination of treatments involving rehabilitation,drug delivery,surgery and cell transplantation are necessary to achieve significant progress in regenerating the injured central nervous system（CNS）.

Work-family behavioral role conflict and daytime sleepiness on suicide risk among Chinese nurses:A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Work-family conflicts and daytime sleepiness are related to the risk of suicide.At present,no study has investigated the relationship between nurses’work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk.Moreover,it has not been confirmed whether,considering the effect of daytime sleepiness on suicide risk,daytime sleepiness mediates the effect of work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk.AIM To explore the pathway relationships among nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict,daytime sleepiness,and suicide risk.METHODS Convenience and purposive sampling methods were used to select 750 nurses from six provinces,including Jiangxi,Sichuan,and Shanxi.The work-family behavioral role conflict scale,the Chinese adult daytime sleepiness scale,and the suicide behavior questionnaire were used for the survey.The data were statistically analyzed via SPSS 25.0 software,Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between the variables,the PROCESS 4.0 program was used for the mediation effect analysis,and the mediation effect model was tested via the bootstrap method.RESULTS Nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict and daytime sleepiness were positively correlated with suicide risk(r=734,0.717).Work-family behavioral role conflict positively predicted suicide risk(β=0.118),and daytime sleepiness positively predicted suicide risk(β=0.152).Daytime sleepiness partially mediated the role of nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk,with a mediation effect value of 0.046 and a mediation effect accounting for 38.98%.CONCLUSION The results of the Pearson correlation analysis and mediation effect analysis revealed that nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict has a direct effect on suicide risk and indirectly affects suicide risk through daytime drowsiness symptoms.

Women's awareness of the role of midwifes and their preference for health professionals for maternity care: a systematic review

Objective:Several studies have shown that women are more satisfied with midwife-led care.However,their awareness regarding the midwives’roles was inadequate.The effect of the women’s awareness on their preferences for maternity care from health professionals has not been understood.To identify research findings presenting women’s awareness of midwives’roles and preferences for receiving maternity care from health professionals.Methods:The systematic literature review used various electronic search engines,including SCOPUS,PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Cochrane Library.Also,other grey literature sources,including Google Scholar,were utilized to identify articles.The search included only English language articles published between 2017-2021.Results:This search provided 20 studies that fulfil the inclusion criteria and are relevant to the Population,Intervention,Comparison,and Outcomes question.The knowledge of midwives’role among the public is well studied in the literature,and few papers(4 studies)focused on women’s perceptions.The review of existing literature indicated the midwifery workforce in Arab countries like Saudi Arabia,the impact of midwives’role on maternal and child health outcomes,women’s experiences regarding midwife-led care,women’s knowledge and perception regarding the role of the midwife in maternal care,and the womens’preference for midwifes’role within the range of maternal care professionals.Conclusion:The review found a lack of awareness and knowledge among the public about the midwife’s role,particularly among women.According to evidence,women’s preferences for choosing health professionals for maternity care primarily depend on being informed about their care,being given care options,and the health professionals’comprehension of their particular care needs.