Assessing performance of cross-administrative environment governance based on PSR model:An empirical analysis of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

As an effective environment governance tool,environment governance performance evaluation is an important content and method to promote the modernization of environment governance system and governance ability.The environmental pollution of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has typical cross-administrative characteristics.Based on the analysis of the major environmental pollution problems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,according to the international environment governance PSR model,a performance evaluation system that applies to the environment governance of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is established.Meanwhile,the principal component analysis method is applied to conduct an empirical analysis of the environmental governance panel data for the 13 major cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2014 to 2016.The results show that most of the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region attach great importance to reduction of emission and pollutants,continuously alleviating the stress of environmental governance.However,the overall improvement of the environment governance performance in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has presented a polarization imbalance.There is a clear tendency for subjective biases in the implementation of environment governance and a lack of comprehensive and systematic governance.According to the environment governance performance evaluation result of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the cross-administrative regional environment governance should improve the environment governance performance evaluation system as soon as possible,strengthen the consistency of the environment governance objectives,and implement comprehensive and systematic governance for the regional environment.

Administration of soluble activin receptor 2B increases bone and muscle mass in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta（OI） comprises a group of heritable connective tissue disorders generally defined by recurrent fractures, low bone mass, short stature and skeletal fragility. Beyond the skeletal complications of OI,many patients also report intolerance to physical activity, fatigue and muscle weakness. Indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that skeletal muscle is also negatively affected by OI, both directly and indirectly. Given the well-established interdependence of bone and skeletal muscle in both physiology and pathophysiology and the observations of skeletal muscle pathology in patients with OI, we investigated the therapeutic potential of simultaneous anabolic targeting of both bone and skeletal muscle using a soluble activin receptor 2B（ACVR2B） in a mouse model of type Ⅲ OI（oim）. Treatment of 12-week-old oim mice with ACVR2 B for 4 weeks resulted in significant increases in both bone and muscle that were similar to those observed in healthy,wild-type littermates. This proof of concept study provides encouraging evidence for a holistic approach to treating the deleterious consequences of OI in the musculoskeletal system.

A Study on System Availability Vs System Administration Efforts with Mathematical Models

Two mathematical models are developed in this paper to study the effectiveness of system administration efforts on the improvement of system availability, based on the assumption that there exists a transitional state for a computer system in operation before it is brought down by some hardware or software problems and with intensified system administration efforts, it is possible to discover and fix the problems in time to bring the system back to normal state before it is down. Markov chain is used to simulate the transition of system states. A conclusion is made that increasing system administration efforts may be a cost-effective way to meet the requirements for moderate improvement on system availability, but higher demand on this aspect still has to be met by advanced technologies.

Research on the intelligent internet nursing model based on the child respiratory and asthma control test scale for asthma management of preschool children

BACKGROUND Childhood asthma is a common respiratory ailment that significantly affects preschool children.Effective asthma management in this population is particularly challenging due to limited communication skills in children and the necessity for consistent involvement of a caregiver.With the rise of digital healthcare and the need for innovative interventions,Internet-based models can potentially offer relatively more efficient and patient-tailored care,especially in children.AIM To explore the impact of an intelligent Internet care model based on the child respiratory and asthma control test(TRACK)on asthma management in preschool children.METHODS The study group comprised preschoolers,aged 5 years or younger,that visited the hospital's pediatric outpatient and emergency departments between January 2021 and January 2022.Total of 200 children were evenly and randomly divided into the observation and control groups.The control group received standard treatment in accordance with the 2016 Guidelines for Pediatric Bronchial Asthma and the Global Initiative on Asthma.In addition to above treatment,the observation group was introduced to an intelligent internet nursing model,emphasizing the TRACK scale.Key measures monitored over a six-month period included the frequency of asthma attack,emergency visits,pulmonary function parameters(FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and PEF),monthly TRACK scores,and the SF-12 quality of life assessment.Post-intervention asthma control rates were assessed at six-month follow-up.RESULTS The observation group had fewer asthma attacks and emergency room visits than the control group(P<0.05).After six months of treatment,the children in both groups had higher FEV1,FEV1/FVC,and PEF(P<0.05).Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups(P<0.05).For six months,children in the observation group had a higher monthly TRACK score than those in the control group(P<0.05).The PCS and MCSSF-12 quality of life scores were relatively higher than those before the nursing period(P<0.05).Furthermore,the groups showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The asthma control rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION TRACK based Intelligent Internet nursing model may reduce asthma attacks and emergency visits in asthmatic children,improve lung function,quality of life,and the TRACK score and asthma control rate.The effect of nursing was significant,allowing for development of an asthma management model.

全程管理模式对临床药师抗感染会诊效果影响的前后对照单臂观察性研究

目的 探讨全程管理模式对医院临床药师抗感染会诊的影响效果。方法 对长沙市第四医院临床药师抗感染会诊实施全程管理模式前(2021年2—7月)的592例会诊病例和实施全程管理模式后(2022年2—7月)的688例会诊病例的抗菌药物使用疗程、抗菌药物使用品种数、抗菌药物使用费用、抗菌药物使用累计DDD(限定日剂量)数、抗菌药物使用强度、病人住院天数、病人住院费用和病人住院药品费用等指标进行对比和分析。结果 实施全程管理模式后,临床药师参与管理的抗感染会诊病例的抗菌药物使用累计DDD数减少3.31(实施前21.16±19.65,实施后17.85±16.09)、抗菌药物使用强度减少6.79(实施前103.22±58.37,实施后96.43±48.80)、病人住院天数减少2.26 d[实施前(20.59±13.13)d,实施后(18.33±11.71)d],抗菌药物使用天数、抗菌药物使用品种数、抗菌药物使用费用、病人住院费用以及病人住院药品费用等指标差异无统计学意义。结论 全程管理模式对临床药师抗感染会诊效果影响显著,对降低临床药师参与抗感染会诊病例的抗菌药物使用强度及减轻病人疾病负担具有重要意义,值得推广应用。

整合型服务体系构建背景下医防融合实现机制研究

背景实现基层医防融合,创新医防协同、医防融合机制是我国医疗卫生领域在“十四五”期间的重要任务。目的分析整合型服务体系构建背景下医防融合的实现机制,为探索适应健康中国战略的医防融合路径提供参考。方法以2018年为时间节点,以“医防融合”“医防协同”“防治结合”为关键词检索中国知网和万方数据知识服务平台相关文献,筛选出对医共体、医联体等整合型服务体系案例政策措施和实施效果进行研究的文献,最终筛选出文献18篇,案例15个。基于彩虹模型,从宏观、中观、微观三个层面以及支持要素确定系统整合、组织整合、专业整合、服务整合、功能整合、规范整合为条件变量,以良好医防融合效果为结果变量,采用定性比较分析方法探索整合型服务体系构建背景下的医防融合实现机制。结果共有4条组态路径能有效提升医防融合效果,4条路径分别符合多层面整合型、中微观整合型路径,同时得出以下结果:(1)依托整合型服务体系开展医防融合更为有效,在整合型服务体系下存在多种路径可有效提升医防融合效果;(2)服务整合对提升医防融合效果起着基础保障作用;(3)对提升医防融合的系统整合、专业整合和功能整合相关政策指标设置尚不健全。结论(1)依托医联体、医共体等中国特色的整合型服务体系提升医防融合效果;(2)充分发挥服务整合的基础保障作用;(3)参考多层面整合型案例的成功经验,均衡设置宏观、中观、微观层面政策指标,同时完善系统整合、专业整合以及支持要素的整合。

基于大数据的高校教务域数仓应用研究

针对当前业界大数据方法论的实践对高校场景化业务支撑有限、大数据视角的教育数据价值未能得到有效挖掘利用的问题,探索高校数据仓库建设方法路径。以构建可持续迭代的智慧校园数字基础设施为目标,以大数据维度建模方法论为基础,结合高校数据自身的特点,以教务域数仓的建设为例,通过深入了解源业务系统、丰富数仓建模知识,总结出了一套对高校来说切实可行的建模思路和方法论,其创新性主要体现在数据整合、标准化数据管理、建模方法和建设方式等方面。该方法为发掘数据价值、促进校级能力整合、推动高校实现数字化转型提供了基本保障。

大数据背景下工商管理学生数据分析能力素质模型的构建与应用

在大数据时代背景下,企业对工商管理人才的数据分析能力要求提升,这也对高校现有工商管理学生的培养方式提出了挑战。基于访谈、岗位分析和理论分析,工商管理学生应具备数据分析知识和技能、数据思维和数据态度,据此构建数据分析能力素质模型,并建立相应的测量模型和指标体系,包括数据获取能力、数据预处理能力、数据分析能力、数据应用能力、数据思维和数据态度六个方面,运用数据分析能力素质模型能够为高校培养工商管理学生数据分析能力提供理论支持与实践建议。

公共管理硕士研究生知识转移影响因素分析

文章旨在探究公共管理硕士研究生知识转移的影响因素及作用机理。基于已有文献构建假设模型,借助问卷调查数据,采用偏最小二乘法结构方程建模方法(PLS-SEM)对假设模型进行验证。研究发现:转移动机对项目知识转移有显著正向影响,且在转移过程中发挥中介作用;学习结果对项目知识转移有显著正向影响,学习结果、感知内容效度通过转移动机对项目知识转移产生间接影响;使用机会对项目知识转移有显著正向影响,主管支持分别经由转移动机、使用机会对项目知识转移产生间接影响。基于研究结果提出实践建议:激发公共管理硕士研究生的知识转移动机;优化公共管理硕士教育项目的内容和形式;加强公共部门主管支持,创造更多使用机会。

“双碳”目标背景下企业“绿洗”行为法律问题研究

企业“绿洗”行为泛滥的趋势引起国际社会的普遍关注,文章通过分析企业“绿洗”案例发现,企业“绿洗”有两种动因:一是基于声誉效益的外部动因;二是根植企业利益的内部动因。两者是导致企业“虚假性”“欺骗或误导性”“真实性”投机表现的根本动因。以美国为代表的“分散式治理”模式和以欧盟指令为依据的“专门治理”模式是当前较为典型的企业“绿洗”治理方案。这两种企业“绿洗”治理模式为我国治理企业“绿洗”的法律方案提供思路。鉴于当前我国治理企业“绿洗”行为存在立法表达缺失、执法不严及监管缺失等问题,导致国内企业“绿洗”投机以逃避处罚的事态严峻。对此,本文提出从法律层面建立企业“绿洗”治理的统一界定规范、将企业“绿洗”治理纳入环境公益诉讼的司法治理范式、强化消费者侵权诉讼补充公共规制、探索国际层面企业“绿洗”治理的一致性等建议,助力完善中国企业“绿洗”治理的路径方案。

基于情境—问题—能力框架的公共管理应用类课程教学模式构建

公共管理应用类课程教学关系到专业人才培养质量。针对现有该类教学存在的知识结构耗散、课程衔接不畅、能力训练弱化等问题,该文在相关文献基础上提出情境—问题—能力框架的教学模式设想。其基本内容包括课程知识体系廓清与重点梳理、专题化教学情境建构与理论对接、动态情境下实践问题识别与溯源和问题解决的知识选用与能力训练四个维度,同时嵌入情境教学、专题教学、全时教学和互动教学等多种方法。这一模式在理论和实践层面具有重要的创新价值,但需逐步推广应用。可通过教学设计上博采众长以我为主、情景演绎上追求真理服务现实、课堂组织上着眼多数关注个别、课程衔接上循序渐进彰显整体等努力,达到支撑学科发展及强化人才培育目的。

电商模式下保健食品市场监管问题及对策分析

本文介绍了电商模式下保健食品市场存在混淆保健食品与药品、非法添加化学药物、虚假宣传等市场乱象,表明保健食品市场仍然存在监管盲区。分析了电商模式下保健食品市场监管存在的问题,如备案系统不完备、电商平台的审查体系不严密、经营者的安全责任难以落实等。在此基础上,提出了按功能类别与风险级别优化备案管理模式、搭建合作监管路径完善平台的审查体系、引入行政和解与衔接行刑责任落实商家的食品安全责任等建议,以期对现有的监管制度进行完善。

基于霍恩-米特模型的医防融合执行影响因素分析

医防融合作为我国医药卫生体制改革的重要方向,对于满足人民群众全方位的健康需求具有重要意义,如何建立科学、有效的医防融合模式是当务之急。本研究运用文献分析等方式收集资料,综述我国医防融合政策的实施现状及困境,并基于霍恩-米特模型的6个维度,对医防融合政策执行影响因素进行分析。在此基础上提出应细化政策目标,明确政策执行标准,加大资源供给力度,丰富政策执行方式,探索医防机构利益共同点、完善“协同机制”,积极引导政策执行者开展医防融合服务等举措,旨在为今后医防融合服务得到高质量提升提供借鉴意义。

职前教师教学设计能力检核模型的建构研究

职前教师教学设计能力检核模型主要是依据教学设计的基本理论,采用文献资料编码、行为事件访谈、模糊德尔菲法、问卷调查等技术建构,模型包含6个基本要素和24个能力要点,每个能力要点分别从不合格、合格、良好、卓越4个层级进行解析。职前教师教学设计能力检核模型用指标的形式使职前教师教学设计能力的基本要求更加明晰化、具体化、微观化。职前教师、教师教育任课教师、教学管理者应用职前教师教学设计能力检核模型都有各自不同的价值体现,旨在促进职前教师教学设计能力的发展与提升。

基于CIPP模型构建儿童专科医院管理者领导力培训体系的探索

目的调查全国儿童医院高层管理人员的领导力现状和培训需求,以CIPP模型为基础,以儿童专科医院的实际需求为依托,科学构建领导力培训体系,从而加强儿童医院管理人员领导力与管理能力。方法对全国儿童医院高层管理者进行问卷调查,了解研究对象的领导力培训现状及培训需求。从背景、投入、过程和结果4个维度来构建儿童专科医院管理者的领导力培训体系及效果评价模型。结果在被调查的160名儿童医院高层管理者中,85%的调查对象接受过为期1 w以上的管理培训,但其中一半认为当前管理培训次数不够,对职业化或管理培训有迫切的需求。培训需求主要集中在医院管理、人文知识和素养及卫生管理方面。培训学员对于整体的培训体系评价较高,课程、师资、组织安排的满意度较高,但也提出相关的建议,如增加线下培训频次和课程互动讨论环节等。结论通过对全国儿童专科医院高层医院管理者领导力现状及培训需求进行系统分析,精准把握需求进行领导力培训方案的研制,使培训方案与培养目标及需求协同,从而为提高全国医院管理者领导力培训质量提供科学的参考依据。

What are the underlying causes and dynamics of land use conflicts in metropolitan junction areas?A case study of the central Chengdu–Chongqing region in China

Land use conflicts(LUCs),as a spatial manifestation of the conflicts in the human-land relationships,have a profound impact on regional sustainable development.For China’s metropolitan junction areas(MJAs),the existence of“administrative district economies”has made the issue of LUCs more prominent.Based on a case study of the central Chengdu–Chongqing region,we conducted an exploratory spatial data analysis of the evolutionary process of regional LUCs.Furthermore,structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the dynamic mechanism of LUCs in MJAs,with a particular emphasis on exploring the influences of administrative boundary.The results showed that from 2010 to 2020,LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region continued to worsen,and the spatial process conflict and spatial structure conflict indices increased by more than 30.0%.The intensification of LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region from 2010 to 2020 was mainly the result of the deterioration of conflicts in evaluation units with low conflict levels.LUCs in China’s metropolitan areas generally presented a circular gradient distribution,weakening from the core to the periphery,but there were some strong isolated conflict zones in the outer regions.LUCs in China’s MJAs were the result of interactions among multiple factors,e.g.,natural environment,socio-economic development,policy and institutional processes,and administrative boundary effects.Administrative boundary affected the flow of socio-economic elements,changing the supply-and-demand competition of stakeholders for land resources,consequently exerting an indirect influence on LUCs.This study advances the theory of the dynamic mechanism of LUCs,and provides theoretical support for the governance of these conflicts in transboundary areas.

混合式教学模式在《药事管理学》教学中的运用研究

目的了解混合式教学模式的特点及《药事管理学》中运用该模式的原因,探究混合式教学模式在«药事管理学»中的运用。方法把案例分析法融入教学设计中,在学生事先完成线上自主学习的基础上,每次见面课都围绕着凝练的主题开展案例教学。结果传统教学模式下,课堂上存在学生参与度不高、思维训练少、教材内容相对滞后、教学效果不佳等问题,采用混合式教学模式并引入现代教育技术手段记录学生学习过程能有效改善这些问题,使学生成为课堂的主人,提高了学生学习的积极性及主动性。结论该模式充分体现了“以学生发展为中心”的理念,推动了课程育人目标的实现。

白芥子穴位给药配伍对延胡索乙素药效动力学影响的研究

目的:探讨“冬病夏治”全方配伍和无白芥子配伍延胡索乙素在模型家兔“肺俞”穴皮下药代动力学特征及药代动力学-药效动力学(PK-PD)模型的相关性。方法:支气管哮喘模型家兔随机分成延胡索单方组、缺白芥子组、全方组,微透析技术收集14 h穴位皮下透析液,液相色谱-质谱法(Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,LCMS)法检测方中君药延胡索主要成分延胡索乙素浓度,获得药代动力学参数;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测对应时间点模型动物血清中IgE水平,获得药效学参数;对药动学、药效学参数进行PK-PD模型拟合。结果:白芥子配伍后的药峰浓度(C_(max))、药时曲线下面积(AUC_(0-t))、平均滞留时间(MRT_(0-t))均显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05),达峰时间(T_(max))提前(P<0.01);“浓度-时间-效应”三维曲线表明,方中有白芥子配伍时,药效出现更快、消退更慢,起效时间晚于峰浓度,具有一定滞后性。结论:动力学参数、PK-PD模型结果表明,白芥子配伍能够改变“方中君药”——延胡索的主要成分延胡索乙素穴位局部的皮下分布,促进方中君药有效成分快速吸收,延长滞留时间,在方剂中起到主药、改善其他药物分布的“双重”作用。

面向行政执法案件文本的事件抽取研究

行政执法的智能化水平是国家治理能力现代化的体现,数据是智能化发展的重要依托。在行政执法领域,各行政机关存储大量以文本形式记录的历史案件,这种非结构化的数据价值密度较低、可利用性不强。利用事件抽取技术从行政执法案件文本中快速高效地抽取案件职权类型、案发时间、案发地点等结构化信息,可推动行政机关对历史案件信息的利用和智能化执法办案研究。收集整理某城市的真实案例数据,并通过人工标注构建一个行政执法领域的数据集,根据行政执法案件文本的无触发词、文档级、格式不固定等文本特征,提出结合基于Transformer的双向编码器表示(BERT)和基于条件随机场的双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM-CRF)模型的两阶段事件抽取方法,通过文本多分类和序列标注依次完成事件类型检测和事件论元抽取任务。实验结果表明,事件类型检测任务的F1值达到99.54%,事件论元抽取任务的F1值达到97.36%,实现了对案件信息的有效抽取。

一种改良的博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化模型造模方法

目的建立博来霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化模型,比较经气管滴注和经气管吸入两种不同给药方式的成模差异。方法选择6~8周C57BL/6雄性小鼠46只,取6只小鼠随机分为经气管滴注组和经气管吸入组,每组3只。小鼠麻醉后分别经气管滴注和吸入亚甲蓝,观察小鼠双肺和胃内亚甲蓝的分布。取另40只小鼠随机分为经气管滴注+生理盐水组、经气管吸入+生理盐水组、经气管滴注+博来霉素组、经气管吸入+博来霉素组。观察各组小鼠造模后的精神状态、体质量变化和生存状况,并在第21日取肺组织用于组织学、羟脯氨酸和TGF-β、α-SMA和COL1A1等蛋白水平Western blotting检测。结果经气管滴注组,亚甲蓝不均匀且局限地分布于双肺,伴不同程度胃内残留。经气管吸入组,亚甲蓝较均匀且弥散地分布于双肺,无明显胃内残留。与两对照组相比,两模型组小鼠精神状态欠佳,体质量下降明显,死亡率升高;小鼠肺组织肺泡结构破坏严重,伴大量胶原沉积,羟脯氨酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),Western blotting显示肺组织TGF-β、α-SMA和COL1A1等蛋白的表达显著增多(P<0.05)。结论经气管吸入+博来霉素组小鼠纤维化病灶分布更加均匀,各项指标相对稳定,是建立肺纤维化模型理想的方法。