Monitor and Acceptance among Couples in Romantic Relationships:Actor-Partner Interdependence Models Based on the Monitor and Acceptance Theory

Communication could be an essential part of couples in their daily life.Based on Monitor and Acceptance Theory(MAT),the present study explored the mediating role of communication in the relationship between mindfulness and relationship quality among college-student couples.The research examined the dynamic relationship of monitoring and acceptance to relationship satisfaction in the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model(APIM),and the mediating effect of positive or negative communications in these relationships.A total of 96 pairs of couples in the universities in Nanjing,China participated in the research.Momentary measurements were used to measure the momentary levels of their monitor,acceptance,positive/negative communication,and relationship satisfaction.A Hierarchical Linear Model(HLM)was used to deal with the APIM.Results showed that the women’s monitor facet of state mindfulness negatively predicted men’s relationship satisfaction through women’s negative communication,and the women’s acceptance facet of state mindfulness positively predicted women’s relationship satisfaction through women’s positive and negative communication at the within-person level.The study highlights the importance of cooperation in monitoring and acceptance for couples to own and hold high levels of relationship satisfaction.

A Brief Study of Wordsworth's Romantic Poetry in Light of Ecocriticism

Ecocriticism is a new-born literary criticism that delves into the exposition of the relationship between human beings and other specimen in nature from the literary angle as well as observes and discloses in detail and with sincerity the effect of literature in the human activities and natural environment. The thesis combines the theory of ecocriticism with romanticism to study Wordsworth's romantic poetry from an ecological perspective as Wordsworth,the great"worshipper of nature"can also be called an ecological critic since many of his poems are focused on ecological themes and he expresses his passion on an ecological basis. Going through the thesis is the most fundamental concept of ecocriticism: ecological holism. Supporting this backbone is analyzes of selected paradigmatic romantic poems by Wordsworth.

A Study of Romantic Tendency in Jane Austen's works——A Comparison between Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion

Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion is Jane Austen's first and last published works respectively, which are read widely all over the world. Austen proclaims that feeling should be governed by reason in Sense and Sensibility and that reason should be compatible with feeling in Persuasion. This paper attempts to explore romantic tendency in Austen's works according to the comparison and contrast between her two novels. Through comparison and contrast, we can see the transformation of Marianne from a lady of sensibility to a sensible lady and the growth of Anne into a lady with romance.

Exploring the Association between Adult Attachment Styles in Romantic Relationships, Perceptions of Parents from Childhood and Relationship Satisfaction

Little research has examined how attachment styles in childhood are related to current romantic relationship experiences. The aim of this study was to explore the association between perceptions of childhood experiences with parents, attachment styles in romantic relationships, and relationship satisfaction in a sample of young adults. The sample consisted of 227 participants, 153 of which were university students and the remaining 69 were members of the general population. Of these, 177 (78%) were female and 50 (22%) were male, with an age range of 18 - 39. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures assessing their attachment style in romantic relationships, satisfaction in their current romantic relationship, and an adjective checklist describing their parents and their parent’s relationship with each other. The majority of males had an avoidant-fearful style, while females tended to have an avoidant-fearful or secure style. Findings were that participants’ descriptions of their mother, father, and parental relationship were associated with their attachment style. In terms of a current romantic relationship, those with a secure attachment style were much more likely to be in a relationship whereas those with an avoidant-fearful style were not. Secure participants were more satisfied in their relationships than the insecure styles of attachment. Finally, chi-square tests revealed that there was no association between gender and attachment style. Results were discussed in terms of methodological limitations such as the use of self-report measures;theoretical weaknesses for example the variability in the approaches used in attachment research;and future research, which included the use of longitudinal studies which may offer insight into how early parenting behaviours act as predictors of later relationship functioning.

The Influence of Moral and Material Values on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice

The thesis aims to focus on analysis of the material and moral values on marriage in Jane Austen's time on the basis of the several passages adapted from the novel.It endeavors to illustrate such a principle that real happiness is better in a balanced position of the moral and material values.

The Comparison Between“Winebibber Spirit”and“Dionysian Spirit”in Wine Poetry

Wine in the West and China,as the core of wine culture,has been playing an important role in people’s social life.This paper analyzes wine culture on the basis of the previous researches through wine poetry,which is the result of the convergence of wine culture and Romantic poetry.On one hand,it is known that“intoxication”is the essence of wine culture:People seek freedom and independent personality in a drunk state.On the other hand,subjectivity,individuality,and self-awareness,as the features of Romanticism,share some ideological similarities with the essence of wine culture.What’s more,wine poetry,as a special category of romantic poetry,is found to present these features to a great degree.With the similarities and features mentioned above as the foundation of further study,this paper intends to make a comparative study of the wine culture in China and the West by analyzing wine poetry.Finally,the author further demonstrates the previous researchers’conclusion of Chinese“Winebibber Spirit”and the Western“Dionysian Spirit.”Meanwhile,this paper discusses the deeper reasons for the differences,and suggests that further understanding of wine culture in China and the West can promote intercultural communication.

Endorphins, oxytocin, sexuality and romantic relationships: An understudied area

Endorphins are the body's natural opioids that are created and released by the central nervous system, hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Endorphins have a reputation for pain reduction, enhancing excitement or satisfaction, boosting confidence, enabling control of emotions and generating feelings of euphoria, and are involved in the natural reward cycle. There is also evidence in the literature suggesting the role of endorphins in sexuality(including sexual function and sexual behaviours), as they may regulate the release of sex hormones, prolactin and growth hormone, which are involved in sexual function and love. Endogenous oxytocin is another intrinsic hormone whose role in inducing labour contractions, the delivery of the baby and stimulating lactation has been well studied. However, the potential impact of endorphins and oxytocin on sexuality and romantic relationships is not well understood. This article reviews the research on endorphins and endogenous oxytocin and how they relate to human sexuality and romantic relationships. Some animal studies report the effect of endorphin and oxytocin on sex hormones and mating behaviours, but these findings have not been supported by research into human behaviour, indicating many gaps in knowledge relating to the association between these hormones and human sexuality.

Current Evidence of the Monoaminergic Regulation of Romantic Love and Relationship

Introduction: Sexual response cycle is modulated by a variety of biological factors, especially antidepressants and antipsychotics. Although the circuit of romantic love has recently been delineated, the biological impact on romantic love is barely mentioned in human, however. Methods: In thus study, a comprehensive literature review was completed to elucidate the role of central monoamines, including dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, melatonin and histamine, for the romantic love and relationship in human. Results: The central circuit of romantic love includes the mesolimbic and mesocortical tract and their extensions widely distributed in cortical, subcortical and brainstem structures. The activation of brain foci progressively decreases along with the romantic relationship in many areas, including the bilateral caudate and ventral tegmentum area without change of passionate love. Hyperactivity of dopamine and serotonin is suggested at the synaptic level for romantic love in lovers, probably through an inhibition of transporters or increase of terminal release. Romantic love can be modulated by antidepressants or recreational drugs. Polymorphism of dopamine and serotonin receptor relates to the romantic relationship. The effect of other monoamines is barely mentioned. Conclusions: Romantic love is vulnerable for secondary effect, such as drugs which modulate the dopamine and serotonin, in human. Romantic relationship is also impacted by the polymorphism of monoamine receptors. Therefore, the biological effect is not limited to sexual response cycle but also the romantic love and relationship. Further investigation is warranted for understanding the secondary effect in romantic love for romantic dissolution or divorce.

The Three Stages of John Keats＇s Poetics

Apart from poetry, John Keats＇s concise remarks on poetics scatter miscellaneously in his other writings, whichhave been less studied compared with that of Keats＇s contemporary romantic poets. However, those terse remarksconstitute his deep perception on romantic poetry, many of which are now still glistening with their unique value.Based upon close reading upon Keats＇s poetical works and letters as well as later critics＇ books on poetry, thispaper intends to make a systematic study of Keats＇s poetics. Aiming at illustrating Keats＇ poetics, this paper fallsinto three parts--the first part being ＂Inspiration： Poetry as John Keats＇s Life＂, the second ＂Perspiration： NaturalGenius Plus Exquisite Revision＂, and the third ＂Perfection： the Aeolian Lyre＂.

George Orwell＇s Experiment With the Ironic Narrative Structure in Nineteen Eighty-Four

This study seeks to establish the major relevance of the ironic vision embodied in the narrative structure in George Orwell＇s early novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. After providing a comprehensive satisfying examination of the cultural phenomenon that goes by the name of ＂Modernism＂, the world in which the young George Orwell began his literary career; the study will present a critical analyses exploring Orwell＇s novel concerning the past-war ironic dystopian vision, with special reference to his experiment with the ironic narrative techniques and structure.

From the Romantic Sea to the Sea as the Global Commons＂ Portrayals of the Waterbody in Longfellow, Melville, and Ian Wedde

This article discusses the representation of the sea in selected works of W. H. Longfellow, Herman Melville, and lan Wedde, tracing its transformation from a romantic icon to a global commons. Despite differences in their portrayals, all three artists find stagnation alongside vitality in the ebb and flow or the rolling of the sea. Similar to Longfellow, Melville romanticizes the sea in Moby-Dick as an ultimate sanctuary, the domain of reveries. At the same time, Melville also portrays the sea as a global commons where U.S. capitalism dominates the global order and exploits the resources. In addressing the environmental issues such as the possibility of whales＇ extinction, Melville echoes ＂the tragedy of the commons＂ lamented by Garrett Hardin. Queequeg, the ＂primitive＂ man who saves Ishmael from the wolfish industrial capitalism is thought to be modeled after a MAori from New Zealand. Today, the M^ori＇s ancestral sea-based culture is threatened by economic globalization. Wedde, a New Zealand poet, confronted the plans to construct an aluminum smelter in his country. His poem juxtaposes themes of precariousness and desolation with resilience and defiant survival, a motif mirrored in Longfellow＇s and Melville＇s portrayals of the sea.

Motives for romantic relationships and the risk of heavy alcohol use, regular smoking and cannabis use during adolescence and early adulthood: A longitudinal study

Background: Engaging in sexual activities at a younger age is associated with higher risk of substance misuse among adolescents. It could be hypothesized that substance misuse and certain romantic relationship related behaviors may be influenced by similar hormone and other inner physiological factors that are affected by related motives. This study investigated the association between motives for romantic relationships and the risk of heavy alcohol use, regular smoking and cannabis use from adolescence through to early adulthood. Method: A population-based longitudinal study using data collected from Wave I and Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Characteristics of romantic relationship ideals (as the proxy of motives) measured in Wave I (mean age: 16 yrs) were applied to predict substance use indicated at Wave III (mean age: 22 yrs) using multivariate analyses. Results: Adolescents who included sexual activities as part of their romantic relationship ideals were at significantly higher risk of cannabis use among males and heavy alcohol use among females. Romantic ideals that included, gift giving (female) or receiving (male), declaration of love (male), marriage (male) and becoming pregnant (female) were associated with reduced risk of one or more types of substance use. Conclusion: In adolescence, sexual motives for romantic relationships were associated with higher risk of substance use and misuse, while motives related to intimacy and commitment in romantic relationships were associated with lower risk.

The Comparison Between Two “Londons”

London, the material and spiritual center of Britain, provided the inspiration for many people’s works. Both Blake and Wordsworth, the two major Romantics, created a poem concerns about “London”. Comparatively, Blake attacks the establishment and society of London while Wordsworth is touched by the beauty of the morning of London.

A Study of Presupposition Triggers in Chinese Romantic Conversations

Presupposition means an implied fact or information which is accepted by both speaker and hearer in a conversation,or at least the information that can always be inferred from the context after hearing the discourse.In the analysis of how speaker's assumptions are typically expressed,presupposition has been associated with the use of a large number of words,phrases,and structures,known as presupposition-triggers.There are many studies on trigger language at home and abroad,but there are relatively few studies on analyzing presupposition triggers from the perspective of romantic conversations.In this paper,by analyzing what presupposition triggers are used in the conversations and what functions the triggers perform,also the various ways of communication in which a boyfriend annoys his girlfiriend,we can solve the doubts of many male friends,so that people can have a deeper understanding of presupposition triggers and the application of it in romantic conversations,which may help us a lot in our daily interpersonal communication life.

When Mulan meets Romeo： Cultural impact upon the dating scripts, perceptions and behaviors of college students from the United States and Taiwan in their cross-cultural romantic relationships

This study examines the cultural impact upon the dating scripts, perceptions, and behaviors of college students from the United States and Taiwan in their cross-cultural romantic relationships. Ten same-culture and ten cross-culture couples participated in the retrospective account interviews. Reconfirming the prevalent quantitative research findings that the American participants tend to begin dating at a younger age and change dating partners more frequently, this qualitative study finds that most of the American and Taiwan Residents participants perceived their dating and cross-cultural romantic relationships seriously by demonstrating a strong sense of responsibility and consistent support in the face of language difficulties, cultural confusions, and social obstacles.

Word-Image Intertwining:William Blake’s Illuminated Poetry and the Aesthetics of Compositeness

Bowen Wang Trinity College Dublin,Dublin,From ut pictura poesis to intermediality,the close,interactive,and complicated relationship between poetry and painting has been an inevitable subject under discussion throughout the historiography of literature and fine art.Different approaches and interpretations to/on their sisterhood could come to a broad spectrum of interartistic ideas and practices.William Blake,an English Romantic poet,painter,and printmaker,links word and image by his invention of relief etching,or more understandably,the illuminated painting which juxtaposes his verse with in-text illustrations simultaneously on the same page.His technical strategy has already implied a dynamic and dialectical interrelation between word and image,like the treatment of earlier medieval manuscripts,yet in a more innovative rather than decorative manner.This article,therefore,through a comparative analysis of both Blake’s verbal and visual representations,will first attempt to clarify two distinct modes of combining poetic language with visualisation vis-à-vis form and content,and then critically investigate how this word-image interaction can be used to reflect the poet’s Romantic thought about sociocultural changes and provide new possibilities of reading,interpretation,and aesthetic complexity in that specific epoch.

How the Ideology of ＂Romantic Love＂ Affects Chinese Women＇s Understanding of Intimacy

This paper uses ＂life course＂ perspective to compare three kinds of Chinese women： 1950s, 1970s, and 1990s. The 1950s have experienced several major historical events, such as： Cultural Revolution, the movement of educated youth to go and work in the countryside or mountain areas, the resumption of the entrance examination system for higher education, and one-child policy. These life events not only affected 1950s＇ understanding of sex and intimacy, hut also affected their children＇s attitudes towards intimacy. The 1970s have experienced the Reform and Opening event, they began to read the Qiong Yao romance novel and foreign romance. The 1990s have experienced the impact of Chinese market economy, and they had their attitudes about love. During their different but related life course, this paper want to depict how the ideology of ＂romantic love＂ has been constructed by politics, and how this ideology affects women in different age understanding of intimacy.

The horror of Romantic medicine and its befitting demise

Romantic medicine in continental Europe was practiced from the 1790s until the mid-nineteenth century as part of the greater movement of Romanticism.It reacted to an ongoing foundational crisis in medicine when radically new approaches to healing were essential.Especially in German-speaking countries,Romantic medicine resulted fom anti-science sentiments to Enlightenment ideas favoring scientific progress based 0 materialist and reductionist assumptions.For the Romanticists,these were troublesome fo the individual,nature and the future.However,without understanding disease and by rejecting both the scientific method and mysticism,attention tumed to post-Kantian idealism and Naturphilosophie What distinguished Romantic medicine from existing humoralism was a passion for comprehending the exceptional attribute of life itself,implicitly from which a new medicine could ascend.However,better healthcare was not(achieved).Although anatomy and physiology had made rapid strides,these did not directly benefit patients.News of successive developments in medicine did not appear to circulate to healers.Meantime,since the eighteenth century,recognition of the seat of disease had progressed from the whole-body(humor theory),to organs(Morgagni),to tissues(Bichat)。and eventually to cells(Virchow)where hypotheses could be tested.Possible reasons for the downfall of Romantic medicine include socio-political pressures that demanded better healthcare,Comte's positivism,the successes of cell and germ theories of disease,Virchow's Cellularpathologie,diminishing professional dogmatism and improved medical communications.

Coleridge and Romantic Poetry

As one of the founders of Romantic Movement in England, Coleridge play an important in English literature, mainly in poetry, his unique and advanced theory as a critic is necessary for English literature learner to study and explore. The concept of poetry, the functions of poetry, the resource and origin of a poem, what is the talent of a poet are presented in his"Biographia Literia". His theory about imagination is so helpful for every poem reader to understand poetry more thoroughly. In this paper,some introductions about the Romantic poetry is necessary for us to made further study about Coleridge's own theory. In the first part can give us a summary of poetry in English Romanticism, the main figures, the themes and features of poetry. Then as Coleridge concerned, there are two parts. One is referring to his description of poetry and the other is the imagination in poetry.In the last part, my own comments and understanding are expressed though they are so limited and superficial.

The Alteration from “Innocence” to “Experience” in William Blake's Poetry

William Blake can be said to be one of the best representatives of the romantic poets, whose masterpieces The Song of Innocence, and The Song of Experience, mark the inside maturity of the poet who view the world from"innocent child's eye"from an"experienced adult's view". From such perspective, the thesis will illustrate the poet's maturity through analyzing his typical poems to have a better understanding of his time and the poet himself.