Mode of overlying rock roofing structure in large mining height coal face and analysis of support resistance

The mining space of large mining height coal face is large,the range of movement and caving of rock strata is large and the stability of supports at coal face is low and damage rate of supports is high,which significantly affects the safe and efficient production of coal mines.By similar simulation experiment and theoretical analysis,the mode of fractured roofing structure of large mining height coal face and the method of determination of reasonable support resistance of the support was evaluated.Analysis shows that the structural mode of "combined cantilever beam – non-hinged roofing – hinged roofing" of the large mining height coal face appears at the roofing of large mining height coal face.The supporting factor of caved gangue at the gob is introduced,the calculating equations of the fractured step distance of roofing were derived and conventional calculating method of caved height of roofing was corrected and the method of determination of the length and height of each structural area of the roofing was provided.With reference to the excavating conditions at Jinhuagong coal mine in Datong minefield,the dimensions of structural areas of the roofing of the coal face were determined and analyzed,and reasonable support resistance of the height coal face was acquired.By selecting Model ZZ13000/28/60 support and with procedures of advanced pre-cracking blasting,the safe production of large mining height coal face was assured.

Roof structure theory and support resistance determination of longwall face in shallow seam

This paper presents the structure models founded in shallow seam, the roof asymmetry arch with three articulations in roof first weighting and the step voussoir beam in roof periodic weighting. These structure models are differ from classic theory, it establishes the new roof control theory of instability structure roof, especially in shallow seam. Based on the new roof structure theory, the support working state of "given sliding load" is put forward, and the factor of load transmitting is introduced to determine the load on roof structure. Therefore, the proper and accurate calculating methods of support resistance are established. Based on this, the dynamic structure theory in shallow seam could be predicted.

Stability influence factors analysis and construction of a deep beam anchorage structure in roadway roof

Deep beam anchorage structures based on spatial distribution analysis of the cable prestressed field have been proposed for roadway roof support, Stability and other factors that influence deep beam structures are studied in this paper using mechanical calculations, numerical analysis and field measurements, A mechanical model of deep beam structure subjected to multiple loading is established, including analysis of roof support in the return airway of S1203 working face in the Yuwu coal mine, China, The expression of maximum shear stress in the deep beam structure is deduced according to the stress superposition criterion, It is found that the primary factors affecting deep beam structure stability are deep beam thickness, cable pre-tension and cable spacing, The variation of maximum shear stress distribution and prestressed field diffusion effects according to various factors are analyzed using Matlah and FLAC3DTM software, and practical support parameters of the S1203 return airway roof are determined, According to the observations of rock pressure, there is no evidence of roof separation, and the maximum values of roof subsidence and convergence of wall rock are 72 and 48 mm, respectively, The results show that the proposed roof support design with a deep beam structure is feasible and achieves effective control of the roadway roof,

Mechanism and control technology of strong ground pressure behaviour induced by high-position hard roofs in extra-thick coal seam mining

This work aimed at revealing the mechanism of strong ground pressure behaviour(SGPB)induced by high-position hard roof(HHR).Based on the supporting structures model of HHR,a modified voussoir beam mechanical model for HHR was established by considering the gangue support coefficient,through which the modified expressions of limit breaking span and breaking energy of HHR were deduced.Combined with the relationship between the dynamic-static loading stress of supporting body(hydraulic support and coal wall)and its comprehensive supporting strength,the criteria of ground pressure behaviour(GPB)induced by HHR were discussed.The types of Ⅰ_(1),Ⅰ_(2),Ⅱ_(1),andⅡ_(2) of GPB were interpreted.Results showed that types Ⅰ_(1) and Ⅰ_(2) were the main forms of SGPB in extra-thick coal seam mining.The main manifestation of SGPB was static stress,which was mainly derived from the instability of HHR rather than fracture.Accordingly,an innovative control technology was proposed,which can weaken static load by vertical-well separated fracturing HHR.The research results have been successfully applied to the 8101 working face in Tashan coal mine,Shanxi Province,China.The results of a digital borehole camera observation and stress monitoring proved the rationality of the GPB criteria.The control technology was successful,paving the way for new possibilities to HHR control for safety mining.

基于力学模型构建的留巷切顶高度确定与围岩控制技术

以顺和煤矿2401运输巷道沿空留巷为工程背景,分析巷道围岩结构特征,基于巷道局部空间结构稳定性,分别构建了沿空留巷未切顶与切顶力学结构模型,并以巷道不同切顶高度进行物理相似模拟试验。结果表明:巷旁采空区切落的矸石增加对关键块的支撑力,同时弱化关键块对直接顶悬壁端部挤压,巷旁支护阻力减少35.78%;随着切顶高度增加,巷道顶板采空区侧端部悬臂由F型缓慢过渡到大I型,同时大保护结构具有向上平移趋势,相比于未切顶1巷,4 cm切顶2巷、8 cm切顶3巷与16 cm切顶4巷叠加应力峰值分别下降9.38%,28.13%,25.00%。结合巷道顶板岩性,最终确定切顶高度为8.2 m,留巷段采用三列单体液压支柱作巷旁支护,长短锚索超前补强,巷道围岩稳定,较好满足使用要求。

杭州电竞中心车辐式索承网格屋盖结构设计

索承网格结构是一种新型空间结构形式,广泛应用于大跨度空间结构中。针对杭州电竞中心车辐式索承网格屋盖结构进行分析和设计,采用MIDAS有限元软件进行索张拉施工方案设计与仿真,采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行稳定性分析和大震动力弹塑性分析。分析结果表明:在施工过程各个阶段,屋盖钢结构构件应力比始终小于1,索拉力小于索破断力的30%;施工完成时,与设计值相比,屋盖结构最大竖向位移和索内拉力的误差分别为6%和4%;屋盖结构稳定安全系数为9.63,单层网壳结构稳定安全系数为31.2,均大于规范规定的2.0,屋盖结构稳定性满足要求;初始缺陷对本工程单层网壳的影响很小;在大震作用下,屋盖结构构件均未出现塑性变形,且预应力拉索不退张。

大采高工作面顶板结构模型及液压支架支护阻力计算

针对大采高工作面覆岩垮落范围大,易出现液压支架稳定性差、损坏率高以及支架压死的问题,采用物理模拟、理论分析以及工程实践的方法,对大采高工作面顶板破断结构模型与支架合理支护阻力计算方法进行了研究。结果表明:随着大采高工作面推进,受采空区空间大的影响,顶板将呈现“组合悬梁-非铰接顶板-铰接顶板”结构特征;支架与围岩相互作用体系由支架-组合悬梁结构-非铰接顶板结构-铰接顶板结构组成,揭示了各结构间的相互作用关系并确定了大采高工作面支架工作阻力的计算公式,支架支护阻力应适应覆岩结构失稳运动的变化,承载结构自身重量以及运动产生的附加载荷;结合大同矿区晋华宫煤矿大采高工作面开采条件,计算了工作面支架合理支护阻力并进行了支架选型,矿压监测显示,选择的ZZ13000/28/60型支撑掩护式液压支架能满足顶板控制的要求,保障了大采高工作面的安全回采。

瓯海奥体中心体育馆100m跨无环索弦支网壳结构设计

瓯海奥体中心由体育场、体育馆、游泳馆及体育配套用房组成,其中体育馆主体结构采用钢筋混凝土框架结构,屋盖采用了无环索弦支网壳结构体系,为国内外首例该结构体系工程。设计中针对屋盖结构进行了屈曲分析及抗连续倒塌分析,结果表明结构的整体稳定性较好、抗连续倒塌能力强,进一步证明了结构体系选择的合理性。对拉索索力进行了专项分析,保证在各工况组合下拉索均不破断及退出受拉状态,且刚度退化后仍满足设计要求。

基于三线性应变软化模型的综采工作面煤壁片帮深度解析预测

为预测综采工作面煤壁片帮深度,以煤壁为研究对象,煤壁煤体视作三线性应变软化材料;将直接顶和基本顶视作宏观顶板,建立了宏观顶板与煤层、支架相互作用的承载力学模型,结合边界条件推导了综采工作面煤壁片帮深度解析计算公式,利用该公式研究上湾煤矿12401工作面煤壁片帮情况,分析影响煤壁片帮的因素及影响规律,结果表明:①推导获得的煤壁片帮深度计算公式能够较准确计算综采工作面煤壁片帮深度,能够定量分析顶板特性和支架参数等对煤壁片帮深度的影响。②增加支架初撑力能够降低煤壁片帮深度;增加支架刚度能够降低煤壁片帮深度,但效果较差;增加支架护帮板支护强度,煤壁片帮深度近似线性减小。③顶板厚度和抗拉强度增加,煤壁片帮深度增长,但增长速率随顶板厚度和抗拉强度增加逐渐趋缓。这主要由于顶板厚度和抗拉强度增加,顶板破断步距增大,向采空区内旋转下沉角度增大所致。④综采采高对煤壁片帮深度有很大影响,综采采高增大,煤壁片帮深度近似线性增长。⑤煤体单轴抗压强度增大,煤壁片帮深度减小,顶底板与煤层界面之间的摩擦因数增大,煤壁片帮深度减小。⑥顶板动载系数增大,煤壁片帮深度近似线性增大。

新型异形曲面钢⁃木组合结构临时支撑卸载方案优化与监测

温州未来城区体验馆屋面结构采用异形曲面钢木组合,立面采用纤细的两端铰接的钢立柱,钢立柱同时作为玻璃幕墙的支承结构,地上抗侧力墙体采用钢骨混凝土墙体,地下室为混凝土结构。充分利用了木结构和钢结构的优势,最大程度减少结构的用钢量。但由于结构跨度大且形状复杂,施工阶段存在安装偏差,临时支撑拆卸需要较高的同步性及稳定性,需要基于实际起拱坐标和荷载状态,对其卸载过程进行计算分析和施工监测以确保结构安全。基于实际施工情况,运用MIDAS/GEN对该组合结构的卸载施工过程进行了数值模拟计算,通过已有的初步方案明确了各施工步中的杆件内力以及节点位移,并在此基础上提出了分步分级的优化方案,同时对其在卸载施工过程中的位移响应进行了动态监测。计算结果表明:通过对52个千斤顶进行分步卸载,支撑点位移与构件应力成倍增加,采取分级卸载策略,逐步减小荷载,成功实现了对结构的精准控制,避免了内部过度变形和应力集中,确保了结构稳定性。监测点的实际值与理论值误差在合理范围内,验证了模拟分析的准确性,为工程实践提供了可靠支持。

基于覆岩破断特征的极薄煤层工作面支架工作阻力确定

延安子长矿区极薄煤层分布广泛,因赋存煤炭为稀缺配焦煤,回采价值较高,但该矿区未有过开采极薄煤层的先例,开采过程中面临支架选型不合理的问题,且国内在该方面的研究成果较少,因此,以禾草沟二号煤矿极薄煤层综采工作面为背景,通过数值模拟、理论分析等研究了极薄煤层综采工作面顶板覆岩结构破断特征及其演化过程,建立了采场顶板岩梁断裂前后力学解析模型,获得了极薄煤层综采工作面直接顶周期破断距,确定了合理支架工作阻力。结果表明:极薄煤层工作面开采初期顶板垮落后会较快的对上覆岩层形成支撑,至顶板极限跨距后,直接顶与基本顶周期破断,且基本顶破断位置位于直接顶破断线前方,两者间存在离层空间,共同回转下沉;工作面液压支架主要受直接顶回转载荷作用,其作用载荷为3 980.89 kN,确定支架选型为ZZ4000/6.5/13D四柱支撑掩护式液压支架;现场应用后,可以有效发挥支架支护性能,满足采场围岩控制要求。研究成果为国内极薄煤层开采工作面支架选型提供了一定的参考。

大跨度管桁架屋盖整体提升对下部混凝土结构的影响研究

为研究张家口奥体中心游泳馆大跨度管桁架屋盖在提升过程中对下部混凝土结构的影响,分析了不同数量、不同布置方式的提升架对混凝土楼板和框架梁挠度影响。设计5种不同提升架模型,研究其受力特性。研究结果表明,提升架模型d在风荷载作用下的水平位移为其他模型的2倍,模型e 4个吊点在相同竖向荷载作用下传递至支座的轴力相差较大。提升架吊索失效不利于提升架受力,应予防治。当提升架支座反力作用于梁板时,只对受力点影响较大,对其余部位影响较小,且多受力点共同作用对梁板的影响为多个单受力点对梁板影响的线性叠加。薄弱区框架梁承受提升架支座反力时,可在梁下部加设临时钢柱支撑,加设支撑后梁最大挠度减小约50%。

大跨度钢屋盖结构整体异步落架施工关键控制技术

霍邱体育馆钢屋盖为大跨度空间网格结构,四面坡结构设计特点,其投影面积约6 410 m^(2)。针对该工程特点,待屋盖结构采用累积滑移法成形后,提出了一种整体异步落架施工方法,阐述了整体异步落架施工关键控制技术实施步骤。首先,通过对落架支座高差、单侧落架循环频次、结构整体影响等因素敏感性分析确定落架关键控制参数,其次,采用落架施工全过程数值模拟、线形及应力安全控制等技术手段,保障钢屋盖结构的安全施工,并达到合理成形状态要求。该技术已通过实际工程验证,可实现快速、安全施工。

深井高应力托顶煤巷道锚索梁支护结构优化研究

针对深部地层中托顶煤巷道存在的支护难、顶板变形大等问题,采用数值模拟和室内试验方法,提出托顶煤巷道锚索梁π形钢结构参数优化方案,对比分析了U形钢和π形钢锚索梁支护结构优劣。结果表明:在施加荷载条件下,相较于U形钢,π形钢变形量基本不变,其抗变形能力更强;在倾斜荷载作用下,π形钢梁的承载能力平均比U形钢高出12.0%,新型π形钢梁具备更大承载能力,支护效果更好。

大型圆竹拱-钢拱组合结构建筑施工技术

合理利用竹材作为建筑材料,在创造经济效益的同时,对推动绿色低碳建造方式具有重要意义。但因圆竹特性与节点构造的复杂特性,限制了其在大型公共建筑中的发展。将竹拱与钢拱进行组合,利用钢拱为竹拱提供中间支撑,从而满足圆竹在大空间建筑上的使用需求。结合实际工程,详细介绍了大型圆竹拱–钢拱组合穹顶式建筑施工技术,以期为同类工程提供参考。

回采巷道过断层围岩支护参数优化研究

依据断层区域围岩特征及现场地质条件对巷道支护参数进行优化,有助于提高围岩的支护效果,确保围岩的稳定性。以90307回风巷过BF_(21)断层为工程背景,分析了原有锚网索支护参数存在的问题,并结合现场条件提出采用长短锚索组合方式支护围岩,同时,将顶板短锚索作为中空注浆锚索,通过顶板注浆起到加固破碎岩体、提高锚索与顶板耦合效果的目的。工程应用后,90307回风巷过BF_(21)断层期间顶底板、两帮移近量分别为150.87、56.74 mm,围岩变形量整体较小,巷道断面可满足回风巷掘进及后续使用需求。

大空间房建工程钢结构施工技术研究

针对大跨度钢结构屋面施工,在现场塔式起重机吊重不能满足大跨度钢梁的吊装需求下,经方案对比分析,钢梁采用提升技术进行施工,明确了钢梁的分段作法和提升平台、吊点的设置位置及作法,详述了整个提升施工工艺流程及提升原理,配合屋面板采用钢筋桁架楼承板的运用,在满足现场实际施工可操作的前提下,解决了高空大跨度钢梁施工难点,可为其他类似项目提供参考。

大跨度弧形箱梁加外悬挑倒三角体育场钢结构屋盖施工

研究主要介绍龙港体育中心项目单柱支撑大跨度弧形箱梁加外悬挑倒三角体育场钢结构屋盖施工技术。柱支撑大跨度弧形箱梁加外悬挑倒三角桁架体育场钢结构屋盖在对各种抗风构件的材料、风洞试验类型、安装方式等内容进行了比对,该工法技术、资源及环保优势明显。研究结合单柱支撑大跨度弧形箱梁加外悬挑倒三角体育场钢结构屋盖实际施工工况,阐述了单柱支撑大跨度弧形箱梁加外悬挑倒三角体育场钢结构屋盖的施工工艺、注意事项及应用前景,以供同类工程提供借鉴参考。

关于煤矿液压支架顶梁结构强度的探讨分析

以ZZC8800/20/38充填液压支架后顶梁为研究对象,介绍一种后顶梁多目标优化设计。根据充填液压支架后顶梁基本结构,利用有限元仿真软件构建仿真模型,从静态强度性能和动态强度性能两个角度实施后顶梁结构强度仿真分析。根据分析结果,采用多目标优化设计法,介绍充填液压支架后顶梁优化设计方案,将优化设计应用于工业性试验,确认优化设计可有效提高后顶梁多方面强度性能。

超大跨度改扩建隧道深塌方冒顶处理技术

通过分析超大跨度改扩建隧道深塌方冒顶的原因,提出了一系列的处理方案,包括加强地质勘察、优化施工方法、加强支护措施等方面。为了验证这些处理技术方案的可行性和有效性,进行了模拟实验和工程实践。结果表明,这些处理技术方案能够有效地控制隧道深塌方冒顶的发生,提高工程的安全性和可靠性。