Discussion on the application of the concept of environmental protection and energy saving in the design of building water supply and drainage

With the current,our country social economy rapid development,people's living standard and quality of life and therefore have got improved,at the same time,it is the concept of environmental protection and energy saving is also enhanced value,many fields in our country environmental protection and energysaving concept can be seen in the application,especially the application in building water supply and drainage design more widely,to protect the environment,to maximize the use of limited resources,how to reasonable use of water resources in building water supply and drainage construction,above is current the paper mainly discusses the problems in the construction field,this paper based on environmental protection and energy-saving concept,discusses its application in the building water supply and drainage design,for your reference.

Water and Energy Conservation of Rainwater Harvesting System in the Loess Plateau of China

Water is the source of all the creatures on the earth and energy is the main factor driving the world. With the increasing population and global change, water and energy conservation have become worldwide focal issues, particularly in the water-stressed and energy-limited regions. Rainwater harvesting, based on the collection and storage of rainfall runoff, has been widely used for domestic use and agricultural production in arid and semiarid regions. It has advantages of simple operation, high adaption, low cost and less energy consumption. This study reviewed rainwater harvesting systems adopted in the Loess Plateau of China and analyzed water use efficiency （WUE） for various rainwater harvesting techniques. Supplemental irrigation using harvested rainwater could increase crop yield by more than 30%, and WUE ranged from 0.7 to 5.7 kg m4 for spring wheat, corn and flax, and 30-40 kg m-3 for vegetables. Moreover, energy consumption for rainwater harvesting based on single family was compared with traditional water supply in the city of the Loess Plateau using the life cycle assessment （LCA） method. Results showed that energy consumption yielded per unit harvested rainwater was 25.96 MJ m-3 yr which was much less than 62.25 MJ m3 yr^-1 for main water supply in Baoji City, Shanxi Province, meaning that rainwater harvesting saved energy by 139.8% as compared to the main water supply system. This study highlights the importance and potential of rainwater harvesting for water and energy conservation in the near future.

Interaction of ions in water system containing copper-zinc alloy for boiler energy saving

Copper-zinc alloy element for boiler energy saving was put in the intake of simulated boiler system to investigate the interaction and transfer of ions in water system both theoretically and experimentally.The fouling was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive X-ray detector(EDX).The results show that the transfer of calcium and magnesium ions in heat-transfer-surface-water system is affected by zinc ions dissolved from the alloy because of primary battery reaction.Some calcium ions of calcium carbonate crystal are replaced by zinc ions,the growth of aragonite crystal nucleus is retarded,and the transition of calcium carbonate from aragonite to calcite is hampered.

Conceptual design of energy-saving stripping process for industrial sour water

Sour water contains ammonia,carbon dioxide,and hydrogen sulfides,producing from oil refining,coking,and coal gasification.To reduce the energy consumption in sour water stripping,a novel process is proposed which integrates with the bottom flashing mechanical vapor recompression heat pump(MVRHP)for treating such wastewater.Here,Aspen PlusTM as a powerful set of chemical process simulation software is utilized to investigate the economy and feasibility of the novel process.Comparison of the results of two process simulations,it can be seen that it is possible to reduce the total annual cost by nearly 45%to adopt the novel process,despite the capital investment increase 45%more than the conventional process.Thus,the provided conceptual design will play a guiding role in the industrialization of the process.

Technologies for Efficient Use of Irrigation Water and Energy in China

While the shortage of water and energy is a well-recognized worldwide natural resources issue, little attention has been given to irrigation energy efficiency. In this paper, we examine the potential energy savings that can be achieved by implementing improved irrigation technologies in China. The use of improved irrigation management measures such as a flow meter, irrigation scheduling, and/or regular maintenance and upgrades, typically reduces the amount of water pumped over the course of a growing season. The total energy saved by applying these improved measures could reach 20%, as compared with traditional irrigation methods. Two methods of irrigation water conveyance by traditional earth canal and low pressure pipeline irrigation （LPPI） were also evaluated. Our study indicated that LPPI could save 6.48x 109 kWh yr1 when applied to 11 Chinese provinces. Also, the COz emission was reduced by 6.72 metric tons per year. Among these 11 surveyed provinces, the energy saving potential for two provinces, Hebei and Shandong, could reach 1.45 x 109 kWh yr^-1. Using LPPI, potential energy saved and CO2 emissions reduced in the other 20 Chinese provinces were estimated at about 2.97×109 kWh yr-1 and 2.69 metric tons per year, respectively. The energy saving potential for Heilongjiang, a major agriculture province, could reach 1.77× 109 kWh yr-1, which is the largest in all provinces. If LPPI is applied to the entire country, average annual energy saving of more than 9 billion kWh and average annual CO2 emission reduction of more than 9.0 metric tons could be realized. Rice is one of the largest users of the world＇s fresh water resources. Compared with continuous flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation （ITI） can improve yield and water-use efficiency in paddy fields. The total increments of net output energy and yield by ITI in paddy fields across China could reach 2.5× 1016 calories and l07 tons, respectively. So far only a small part of agricultural land in China has adopted water and energy saving technologies. Therefore, potential water and energy savings in China by adapting improved irrigation technology could be significant and should be carefully studied and applied.

Research on Energy Saving Optimization of MVR Distilled Water Machine

Compared with the multi-effect distilled water machine,the mechanical vapor recompression(MVR)distilled water machine has many advantages,and has been a trend to replace the traditional distilled water machine.Based on the conservation equations of mass and energy,this paper designs an MVR distilled water production process and establishes the corresponding thermodynamic model.Effects of the produced water temperature,heat exchange temperature difference,compressor adiabatic efficiency,and pipeline loss to the produced water energy consumption,energy saving rate and coefficient of performance(COP)were studied.Research shows that the MVR distilled water machine is more suitable for occasions with low water production temperature.Appropriate heat exchangers and compressors should be selected to improve comprehensive performance through heat exchange temperature differences and improving adiabatic efficiency.

Research on Green Transformation of Campus Sponge and Energy Saving Facilities on Sloping Land

Based on the renovation of sponge and energy-saving facilities in a middle school in Nanning,this paper systematically studies the overall elevation of the campus,the composition of the drainage system and the layout of space functions,and formulates a characteristic scheme for the renovation of sponge and energy-saving facilities according to the characteristics of the sloping campus.In order to control the total amount of rainwater runoff,the sponge transformation mainly adopts the transformation methods of partition catchment,upper storage and lower use,multi-stage detection and classification treatment.For the purpose of solar energy and wind energy utilization,solar photovoltaic panels and small-scale wind power generation system are adopted.The application effects of sponge and energy-saving facilities are estimated and evaluated.

Hydrogen generation with acid/alkaline amphoteric water electrolysis

To reduce the energy consumption of the electrolytic hydrogen generation process, we propose a novel approach to generate hydrogen with acidic/alkaline amphoteric water electrolysis, wherein hydrogen is produced inside an acidic solution and oxygen evolved under alkaline condition, and a membrane is employed in the middle of the electrolyzer to restrain neutralization. The electrode polarization is greatly reduced due to the specific arrangement of the acidic/alkaline amphoteric electrolyzer. The rate of hydrogen production achieves over four times higher than that of the alkaline aqueous solution at 2.2 V, and the energy consumption is reduced approximately 30% under the current density of 200 m A/cm ^2. The investigation of transmembrane potential drop indicates water splitting on the membrane surfaces, which compensates for acid or alkaline loss on-site and maintains the concentration approximately constant during electrolysis process. The acidic/alkaline amphoteric water electrolysis is promising as an energy saving, clean and sustainable hydrogen production technology.

Energy and Buildings

https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/energy-and-buildings/vol/212/suppl/C Volume 212,1 April 2020(1)Assessment of the impact of HVAC system configuration and control zoning on thermal comfort and energy efficiency in flexible office spaces,by Jasmin Anika Grtner,Francesco Massa Gray,Thomas Auer,Article 109785Abstract:In office buildings,the space layout usually needs to be repeatedly redesigned in order to meet tenants’requirements during the building’s life cycle.In this study,the effect of a flexible space layout design on thermal comfort and energy demand is investigated in a modern open-plan office space.Using dynamic thermal simulation.

基于过热蒸汽干燥开式制粉燃褐煤发电技术研究

针对高水分褐煤燃烧发电中存在的热效率低和低负荷稳燃困难等问题,提出了基于过热蒸汽干燥开式制粉系统的新型高效燃褐煤发电技术,该技术采用基于汽轮机抽汽加热的过热蒸汽干燥开式制粉系统,保证了制粉系统的运行安全性,提高了燃烧系统的运行灵活性,实现了制粉系统与锅炉主机的运行解耦,并综合解决了褐煤锅炉炉温低、热效率低的等问题。以600 MW超临界燃褐煤机组为例,对采用该技术的热力系统进行了仿真,分析了其节能与环保效益。研究结果表明,该技术通过对锅炉与汽轮机整体热力系统的综合优化,将汽轮机回热系统扩大至高水分煤的干燥过程,同时梯级回收锅炉排烟废热和制粉乏汽废热至汽轮机回热系统,可获得较为显著的节煤效益。同时,该技术不仅可由节煤相应减少各类污染物及CO_(2)排放,还可回收大量水资源,有望实现零水耗电厂。

地下水源热泵回灌中大肠杆菌阻塞试验研究

以地下水源热泵回灌过程中大肠杆菌堵塞作为研究对象,通过自主研发的砂层颗粒迁移-沉积试验系统观察大肠杆菌在多孔介质孔隙孔道内的运移、沉积。分别以石英石、玻璃珠作为多孔介质做对比性试验,通过试验得出:石英石颗粒不均匀,级配不良,颗粒间的咬合力为大肠杆菌的沉积提供了“温床”,进而孔隙水压力呈现先增大后减小再稳定的状态;但玻璃珠颗粒粒径均匀,同时颗粒之间光滑,咬合力小,不利于大肠杆菌的沉积,孔隙水压力呈现陡减的现象。建立大肠杆菌渗透率衰减数学模型,将理论值和室内试验值进行数据拟合,从验证的结果看,所提渗透率衰减模型对预见微生物的迁移和沉积所引起的孔隙率减小是有效的。

热泵精馏耦合吸收处理含盐氨水

针对含盐氨水的回收与处理,利用蒸发除盐、精馏脱氨并耦合吸收制备一定浓度的氨水。采用一系列节能技术对蒸发和精馏进行计算优化,即双效蒸发与塔顶蒸汽直接压缩热泵精馏耦合吸收工艺(SchemeⅠ)、热泵蒸发与塔顶蒸汽直接压缩热泵精馏耦合吸收工艺(SchemeⅡ)和热泵蒸发与塔底闪蒸再压缩热泵精馏耦合吸收工艺(SchemeⅢ)。选用ELECNRTL电解质模型计算物系的热力学数据和相平衡数据,并以年总费用、综合能耗和热力学效率等作为工艺评价指标,对提出的以上3种处理工艺进行模拟与优化。研究结果表明,与SchemeⅠ相比,SchemeⅡ和SchemeⅢ可分别节省年总费用22.18%和31.66%;节约能耗47.56%和57.87%;而热力学效率则分别提高了8.59%和2.28%。显然,SchemeⅢ在年总费用与能耗方面更具优势,SchemeⅡ在热力学效率方面更具优势。

商场冷凝水耦合光伏/光热系统在不同气候区的适宜性研究

光伏光热技术是太阳能的主要利用方式之一,太阳能光伏光热一体化(solar photovoltaic-thermal,PV/T)系统可实现系统产电和热量的双重效益。基于不同气候区的气候特征,以商场冷凝水耦合光伏/光热系统为研究对象。在确定制冷季冷凝水量的基础上,计算分析系统一次能源节约率及环境效益,研究该系统在不同气候区的适宜性。结果表明:在寒冷地区、夏热冬冷地区和夏热冬暖地区,PV/T系统比光伏(photovoltaic,PV)系统更加高效节能。在整个制冷季中,PV/T系统的发电量均高于PV系统,海口的发电效率提升了0.53%,拉萨的发电效率提升了0.11%;PV/T系统在海口地区一次能源节约率最高,达到59.62%;青岛CO_(2)减排量最高,总减排量达到5.5 t。

高安屯再生水厂碳中和实践措施及效果

高安屯再生水厂位于北京市,水处理规模20万m^(3)/d,主体工艺为AAO+砂滤池,污泥处理中心规模1836 t/d(污泥含水率80%),主体工艺为热水解+厌氧消化+板框脱水。对比了不同碳核算标准,确定了高安屯再生水厂碳排放计算边界。高安屯再生水厂碳中和项目采用节能降耗、回收能源、利用清洁能源的方法,是泥水共治、餐厨协同、多能耦合、能源自给的大型碳中和示范工程。

建筑给排水系统节能节水技术分析

随着全球水资源短缺及环境污染问题日益严峻,开展建筑给排水系统节能节水技术应用研究显得尤为重要。目前,针对给排水系统节能节水技术的研究已有很多,但很少有研究涉及该技术在建筑工程中的应用及效果评估。在明确建筑给排水系统相关概念及其重要性的基础上,阐述给排水节能节水技术的应用原则,并结合具体案例深度剖析给排水建筑节能节水技术的应用实际,从中水回用系统、雨水收集再利用系统、变频泵站、节水型卫生洁具等应用层面出发,评价节能节水技术的实际应用效果。结果表明,这些技术的有效应用可显著降低水资源消耗,减少能源使用,提高给排水系统的稳定性。

煤矿井下供水管网智能调控策略方法研究

煤矿井下供水管网系统是保证煤矿安全生产的关键环节,针对煤矿井下供水管网系统能耗高、管网漏损率高以及调控复杂度增加等问题,以陕西亭南煤矿井下实际供水系统工况展开智能调控策开研究。综合管网影响调控因素建立两级优化调度模型,通过一级优化调度确定每个水泵房的最佳供水压力与供水量,然后以泵组的运行费用为目标函数,建立二级优化模型寻求水泵的最佳运行方案。求解模型中针对传统遗传算法易陷入局部最优解的问题,采用了组合变异算子进行改进。实验结果表明,通过优化调度后,煤矿井下供水系统的能耗明显降低,节能效果显著,在保障供水系统的安全运行的前提下平均日节能8.8%。

水能风机在循环水冷却系统的应用

介绍了循环水冷却系统中采用水能风机代替大功率电动机实现节能降耗的实施措施,分析了改造后带来的经济效益。

“双碳”背景下医院住院病人水控管理系统的定量分析——以某三甲医院2019-2022年数据为例

针对医院在“双碳”目标下管理和控制住院病人洗澡用水的问题进行了深入研究,通过整理某三甲医院2019-2022年的水控数据,定量分析了住院病人的用水情况,并评估了各种因素对用水量的影响。研究结果表明,即使在严格落实“一床一陪护”制度的今天,水控系统仍然能够显著降低住院用水,同时日间手术量、床位周转率等指标也与住院患者用水量有相关性。提出与运用的定量分析模型对医院精细化管理有积极意义,提供了对病区管理评价的新工具。

地铁站空调水系统节能控制研究

为了降低空调水系统的能耗,研究广州某地铁站的空调水系统节能控制策略。使用设备厂商提供的样本数据进行参数拟合,建立较为准确的设备模型,利用Trnsys软件搭建地铁站空调水系统模型。针对“大流量、小温差”现象,提出定温差控制策略,以降低水系统的能源消耗。结果显示:与定流量水系统相比,定温差控制策略下地铁站空调水系统节能率达到25.86%;在整个供冷季,相对于常规7℃的供水温度定温差控制策略,变冷冻水供水温度定温差控制策略的空调水系统节能约3.40%。

绿色低碳理念在建筑给水排水设计中的应用

为实现建筑行业水资源的可持续利用,缓解能源危机,提出绿色低碳理念在现代建筑给排水设计中的应用。文中先从给水系统、排水系统、缺乏水资源循环利用观念三个方面阐述我国目前建筑给排水设计状况。再研究环保节能理念在现代建筑给排水设计中的应用,主要有以下几个方面:选择新型的节水设备,包括管道、节水型的卫生器具和新型阀门;应用中水回收系统;完善热水供应循环系统;有效利用太阳能;严格把控超压出流;以及给水系统和排水系统的节能设计。通过本文的设计应用,有效的提高水资源的合理利用和循环使用,降低运营成本和能源开支。