Abnormal Secondary Growth and Histochemical Localization of Alkaloids in Root System of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to clarify the structure,growth pattern and histochemical localization of alkaloids in root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.[Method] Paraffin sectioning and histochemistry were employed for performing the analysis in this study.[Result] The root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.consists of taproot,lateral root and adventitious root.The primary structure of root system is normal,but secondary structure shows abnormal.The cambium and the extra cambium of taproot form a ＂U＂-shaped secondary vascular bundle and tertiary bundle in abnormal secondary structure.The sieve tube group is made of little sieve tube group which is differentiated from primary phloem and cambium.Meanwhile,the secondary xylem in tuberous root also appears to be a ＂U＂ shape.Parenchyma cells of secondary phloem occupy most of the tuberous root.The sieve tube group of tuberous root is mainly differentiated from parenchyma cell of secondary phloem.[Conclusion] The difference in abnormal secondary structure of taproot and tuberous root are attributed to their varied cambium compose and activity pattern.Alkaloids are mainly accumulated in parenchyma cell of the inside cortex and between bundle in taproot,while parenchyma of secondary phloem and pith in tuberous root.

Estrogen affects neuropathic pain through upregulating N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor 1 expression in the dorsal root ganglion of rats

Estrogen affects the generation and transmission of neuropathic pain,but the specific regulatory mechanism is still unclear.Activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor 1（NMDAR1） plays an important role in the production and maintenance of hyperalgesia and allodynia.The present study was conducted to determine whether a relationship exists between estrogen and NMDAR1 in peripheral nerve pain.A chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury model of chronic neuropathic pain was established in rats.These rats were then subcutaneously injected with 17β-estradiol,the NMDAR1 antagonist D（-）-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid（AP-5）,or both once daily for 15 days.Compared with injured drug na？ve rats,rats with chronic sciatic nerve injury that were administered estradiol showed a lower paw withdrawal mechanical threshold and a shorter paw withdrawal thermal latency,indicating increased sensitivity to mechanical and thermal pain.Estrogen administration was also associated with increased expression of NMDAR1 immunoreactivity（as assessed by immunohistochemistry） and protein（as determined by western blot assay） in spinal dorsal root ganglia.This 17β-estradiol-induced increase in NMDAR1 expression was blocked by co-administration with AP-5,whereas AP-5 alone did not affect NMDAR1 expression.These results suggest that 17β-estradiol administration significantly reduced mechanical and thermal pain thresholds in rats with chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve,and that the mechanism for this increased sensitivity may be related to the upregulation of NMDAR1 expression in dorsal root ganglia.

Preliminary Study on Water Demand Law of 1-0 Rooted Cuttings of Populus szechuanica

In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the afforestation and artificial water supply of P.szechuanica in arid areas,the characteristics of water consumption of P.szechuanica were explored,and the law of water demand of P.szechuanica was grasped.In this paper,potted seedlings of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica were taken as research objects,and change situation of water consumption under different water control gradients was measured regularly by using weighing method,further analyzing dynamic change of water consumption of P.szechuanica and revealing water demand law of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica.The results showed that total change of water consumption of 1-0 rooted cuttings of P.szechuanica had"slow-fast-slow-fast"double-peak trend in the growth period of the current year,and corresponded with univariate linear relation(R^(2)=0.7137),with significant difference.In whole growth period,water consumption in August was the highest,which was 2.7 times of that in June and July and 1.5 times of that after September.In different water control treatments,the dynamic changes of daily and monthly water consumption were significantly different.In seven water control treatments,monthly water consumption was between(6315.95±1690.70)and(10105.28±3065.30)g/month,and mean was(8211.07±2308.23)g/month.With intensification of water control treatment,water consumption increased,but there was no seedling death due to water shortage.P.szechuanica has great plasticity in water demand,and can survive in both arid and humid environments.Meanwhile,it is revealed that P.szechuanica is the most widely distributed tree species in the region.

Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of PgSQE08-01 Gene in Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.

Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but also controlled by a variety of structural genes.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanism underlying ginsenoside biosynthesis has always been a topic in the discussion of ginseng secondary metabolites.Squalene epoxidase(SQE)is a key enzyme in the mevalonic acid pathway,which affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoid.Using ginseng transcriptome,expression,and ginsenoside content databases,this study employed bioinformatic methods to systematically analyze the genes encoding SQE in ginseng.We first selected six PgSQE candidates that were closely involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and then identified PgSQE08-01 to be highly associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis.Next,we constructed the overexpression vector pCAMBIA3301-PgSQE08-01 and the RNAi vector pART27-PgSQE08-01 and transformed ginseng adventitious roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes,to obtain positive hairy-root clones.Thereafter,quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the expression of relevant genes and ginsenoside content,respectively.Then,we focused on the function of PgSQE08-01 gene,which was noted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.Thus,these findings not only provided a molecular basis for the identification of important functional genes in ginseng but also enriched genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using synthetic biology.

Effects of Nitrate on the Growth of Lateral Root and Nitrogen Absorption in Rice

Lateral root is primary organ for plant to explore and utilize soil nutrient efficiently. The development of lateral roots (LR) is controlled by both genetic factors and nutrient status in environment. To investigate the effects of nitrate (NO3-) on rice lateral root growth and nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency under upland condition, three treatments, including root-split culture and whole plant culture in N sufficient and deficient conditions, were used in a vermiculite culture experiment. Root-split treatment showed that the growth of lateral roots was stimulated by localized nitrate supply. However, in whole plant culture, elongation of lateral roots was induced by NO3- deficiency. The effects of NO3- on rice lateral root growth were genotype-dependent. Similar N concentration, soluble sugar concentration and N content in shoot were observed in both root-split treatment and whole plant culture under NO3- sufficient condition, suggesting that the nitrogen requirement for rice normal growth could be satisfied with only half of roots supplied with NO3-. In the root-split treatment, N uptake was positively correlated with the average of lateral root length (ALRL) in NO3--supplied side, suggesting that the ALRL is important for rice root N uptake in the environment where the nitrogen nutrient is limiting factor. No significant correlation was observed between N uptake and ALRL in whole plant culture under N sufficient condition, which implies that the length of lateral roots may not be the main factor to determine tire rice root N uptake in nutrient-rich zone. Morphological and metabolic evidence in this study provided some prospects for genetic improvement of root system characters to improve the efficiency of nutrient absorption in rice.

On the Current Situation of Basic - level Administrative Law Enforcement in China

With the development of economy and society, our country is on the road of rule by law, the legal system is progressing constantly. At the same time, we should also see that the administration according to law is not perfect, and its shortcomings exist in different degree and need to be further improved. Based on the analysis of the status quo of grass-roots administrative law enforcement in China, this paper tries to put forward corresponding countermeasures, so as to promote the work of law-based administration for the corresponding study.

某厂房混凝土柱柱根补强加固工艺的应用与研究

结构房屋在新建施工中也会出现很多问题,可能受到施工环境、工序等原因出现疏松、蜂窝、麻面等混凝土质量缺陷。本研究以晋北地区某厂房为例,探讨新浇筑混凝土柱出现烂根、露筋等问题后,进行补强加固处理的具体方法、施工流程,并通过有限元计算进行对比验算,为混凝土结构加固方案选择提供参考。

氮肥用量、刈割高度对饲用苎麻产量、营养品质及败蔸的影响

探讨了氮肥用量和刈割高度对“湘苎3号”（Xiangzhu3）和“多倍体1号”（Tri-1）饲用产量、营养品质及败蔸的影响,为“湘苎3号”和“多倍体1号”作为饲用作物的开发利用提供理论支持.采用两因素随机区组设计,刈割高度设3个水平,分别是40cm（D1）、70cm（D2）和100cm（D3）;氮肥设置3个水平,分别是每次施氮0kg/hm^2（N1）、92kg/hm^2（N2）和138kg/hm^2（N3）.通过测定各处理饲用苎麻鲜物质产量、干物质产量、营养物质含量及败蔸率,对不同氮肥用量和刈割高度处理的苎麻饲用价值进行综合评价.结果表明,氮肥用量和刈割高度对湘苎3号和多倍体1号鲜物质产量、干物质产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗纤维和磷含量影响显著,其中刈割高度是苎麻鲜物质产量、干物质产量和粗纤维有关参数的主要决定因子,湘苎3号粗蛋白含量主要由刈割高度决定,而多倍体1号粗蛋白含量主要由氮肥用量决定.其交互作用对湘苎3 号和多倍体1 号粗脂肪和粗纤维含量影响显著.在相同刈割高度下,湘苎3号和多倍体1号鲜物质产量、干物质产量、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均以N2 处理最高,粗纤维含量随着氮肥用量的增加而降低.在相同氮肥用量下,湘苎3 号和多倍体1 号粗蛋白、钙和磷含量随刈割高度的增加而降低,生物产量和粗纤维含量随刈割高度的增加而增加.与此同时,多次刈割会引起湘苎3 号和多倍体1 号不同程度的败蔸.在本试验条件下,湘苎3 号和多倍体1 号最适合的刈割高度是70～100cm,氮肥用量是92kg/hm^2.

甜瓜根腐病病原分离与抗源鉴定

近年来根腐病在厚皮甜瓜设施与露地栽培中普遍发生,危害严重。试验对厚皮甜瓜根腐病病样进行病原菌分离和纯化,经培养、鉴定及致病性测定,证实分离的致病菌是甜瓜根腐病菌。以所获得的病原菌菌株作为菌种,制备病原接种体,采用幼苗离体接种法,对267份薄皮甜瓜种质资源进行根腐病抗性评价,结果筛选出16份高抗和20份抗病种质资源,说明薄皮甜瓜种质资源中蕴藏着对改良厚皮甜瓜根腐病抗性有潜在利用价值的基因资源。

甘肃省蔬菜根际寄生线虫的研究

2002年3～8月,对甘肃省部分地区蔬菜根际的植物寄生线虫进行了广泛调查,从番茄、辣椒、茄子、黄瓜等的根际土壤样品中共分离鉴定出线虫7个属14个种,包括3种矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchusclarus,T.mashhoodi,T.aerolatus)、2种节纹线虫(Merliniusbrevidens,M.communium)、3种短体线虫(Pratylenchusne-glectus,P.hexincisus,P.scribneri)、3种丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchuscylindricollis,F.vulgaris,F.ditissimus)、燕麦真滑刃线虫(Aphelenchusavenae)、双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchusdihystera)、活泼平滑垫刃线虫(Psilenchushilarulus),其中,大多数种类为甘肃省新记录种,优势种为短小节纹线虫。它们广泛分布于甘肃省天水地区的秦城、北道,兰州地区的吊场、刘家堡,河西地区的张掖、民勤,红古区的张家寺,永靖县的太极镇,庆阳,临洮等地,即在东径100°26′～105°45′,北纬34°35′～38°56′,海拔从1142～1895m的温带干旱、半干旱、半干旱半湿润地区均有线虫的寄生和繁殖。

苎麻败蔸要因及综合防治

苎麻败蔸现象是苎麻老化或对逆境不适应而产生的一种衰老反应,严重影响苎麻的纤维产量与纤维品质。造成苎麻败蔸的原因有很多,如渍湿,栽培管理粗放,病虫害,化肥、除草剂施用不当等。在苎麻栽培生产中,应选择败蔸抗性强的高产品种,加强栽培和管理措施,适时更新麻园,以减小败蔸在生产上造成的损失。

苎麻根系研究进展

苎麻及其制品是中国的特产和重要的出口创汇产品。近年来随着对苎麻地上部分研究的深入,对苎麻根系的研究日益受到重视和关注,为了给深入研究苎麻根系提供理论参考,简要归纳了苎麻根系的研究进展,介绍了苎麻根系的形态特征,环境条件对苎麻根系生长发育的影响,引起苎麻败蔸的主要原因,苎麻根系与地上部生长的关系及苎麻根药用研究的研究进展,以期获得苎麻根系的研究现状和存在的问题,最后展望了苎麻根系研究的趋势和方向。

刈割对苎麻分株、生物量及败蔸的影响研究简报

在大田栽培条件下,研究了频繁刈割对中苎1号、湘苎3号、多倍体1号和湘苎7号分株、生物量及败蔸的影响。结果表明,随着刈割次数的增加,湘苎3号、中苎1号和多倍体1号分株数先增加后降低,湘苎7号分株数上下波动,4个苎麻品种的生物量呈下降趋势,且频繁刈割引起苎麻败蔸。在频繁刈割下,苎麻败蔸率为中苎1号>多倍体1号>湘苎3号>湘苎7号。

保护地番茄茎基腐病拮抗真菌的分离与筛选

从聊城地区部分县、市保护地番茄田采集20个土壤标本,分离得到5种拮抗真菌,据魏景超和文成敬等的分类方法进行分类鉴定。经鉴定5种拮抗真菌分别属于长枝木霉(T.longibrachiatum)、橘绿木霉(T.citrinoviride)、康氏木霉(T.koningii)、哈慈木霉(T.harzianum)、和绿色木霉(T.viride)。这些拮抗真菌对引起番茄茎基腐病的瓜果腐霉(Pythium aphanidermatum)、瓜类腐皮镰孢菌(Fusariumsolani)立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani),在人工接种条件下,对上述病原菌引起的病害均有一定的防效。

新疆甜瓜根腐病研究初报

甜瓜根腐病是新疆喀什地区甜瓜上危害严重的一种病害,经多年的调查研究,摸清了甜瓜根腐病的病原种类、病害症状、发病规律、分布危害特点、寄主范围和防治技术措施。研究成果在生产上推广应用,取得了显著的防治效果。

不同配方叶面肥对苎麻产量、纤维支数及败蔸情况的影响

在大田栽培条件下,通过3季苎麻（Boehmeria nivea L.）试验探讨了4个不同配方叶面肥对苎麻产量、纤维支数和败蔸情况的影响。研究结果表明,不同配方叶面肥均能提升苎麻株高、茎粗、鲜皮厚度、有效株数和鲜皮出麻率等产量因素,原麻产量和生物产量提高。随着叶面肥中营养元素种类增加,苎麻的原麻产量、生物产量进一步提高,且以F4腐植酸复合叶面肥的增产效果最为明显,与其他处理相比全年纤维产量和生物产量均达到显著水平。叶面施肥能提高苎麻的纤维支数,但在不同的收获期处理间差异较大。其中以F4腐植酸复合叶面肥处理下纤维支数最高,与其他处理相比中苎1号提高了1.12%~4.75%（头麻）、0.57%~5.44%（二麻）和0.94%~2.62%（三麻）,多倍体1号提高了2.48%~7.22%（头麻）、0.70%~7.64%（二麻）和0.55%~7.49%（三麻）。不同处理下苎麻败蔸情况差异不大,叶面施肥不能减少败蔸情况的发生。

大豆重迎茬减产的原因及农艺对策研究──重迎茬大豆的根际土壤有机化合物

大豆重迎茬种植 ,根际土壤有机化合物的种类与正茬有较大的区别 ,这些有机化合物主要来自大豆的根系分泌物、根茬腐解物和根际土壤微生物的分泌物 。

苗药铁筷子挥发油对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的作用及机制研究

[目的]观察苗药铁筷子挥发油对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。[方法]设立正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性药物组和铁筷子挥发油高、中、低剂量组(生药量10.0、5.0和2.5 g/kg);除正常对照组外,其余各组于大鼠左后跖皮下注射弗氏完全佐剂建立佐剂性关节炎模型;各组于造模当天开始给药,连续给药21 d,观察铁筷子挥发油对佐剂性关节炎大鼠模型关节肿胀、免疫器官脏器系数以及病理形态的影响,采用放免法测定铁筷子挥发油对各组大鼠血清中白介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量的影响。[结果]与模型组比较,铁筷子挥发油对大鼠足肿胀有明显的抑制作用,对免疫器官没有明显影响;铁筷子挥发油还可明显降低佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清中IL-1β以及TNF-α的含量。[结论]铁筷子挥发油对佐剂性关节炎大鼠具有一定治疗作用,其机制可能与减少细胞因子的生成有关。

苎麻品种更新的技术问题探讨

苎麻是一种多年生宿根型草本植物,有计划的实行麻园更新改造,可达到提高土地利用率,提高苎麻单位面积产量,推广普及新品种三重效益。选择一种快速无性繁殖的方法,结合土地轮作与当年育苗、当年移栽、当年受益等综合高产栽培技术,是一项降低生产成本,提高经济效益,促进苎麻生产稳定持续发展的重要途径。

保护地蔬菜茎基腐病拮抗真菌的筛选及防病效果研究

从聊城地区部分县、市保护地蔬菜田采集18个土壤标本,分离得到5种拮抗真菌,据魏景超和文成敬等的分类方法进行分类鉴定。经鉴定属于长枝木霉(Trichoderma Longibrachia-tum)、橘绿木霉(T.Citrinoviride)、康氏木霉(T.Koningii)、哈慈木霉(T.Harzianum)和绿色木霉(T.Viride)。这些拮抗真菌对瓜果腐霉(Pythium aphanidermatum)、瓜类腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium Solani)、立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)有较好的拮抗作用,在人工接种条件下,对上述病原菌引起的病害均有一定的防效。