Alternate partial root-zone drip fertigation (ADF) is a combination of alternating irrigation and drip fertigation,with the potential to save water and increase nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency.A 2-year greenhouse e...Alternate partial root-zone drip fertigation (ADF) is a combination of alternating irrigation and drip fertigation,with the potential to save water and increase nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency.A 2-year greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different fertigation frequencies on the distribution of soil moisture and nutrients and tomato yield under ADF.The treatments included three ADF frequencies with intervals of 3 days (F3),6 days (F6) and 12 days (F12),and conventional drip fertigation as a control (CK),which was fertilized once every 6 days.For the ADF treatments,two drip tapes were placed 10 cm away on each side of the tomato row,and alternate drip irrigation was realized using a manual valve on the distribution tapes.For the CK treatment,a drip tape was located close to the roots of the tomato plants.The total N application rate of all treatments was 180 kg ha^(-1).The total irrigation amounts applied to the CK treatment were450.6 and 446.1 mm in 2019 and 2020,respectively;and the irrigation amounts applied to the ADF treatments were 60%of those of the CK treatment.The F3 treatment resulted in water and N being distributed mainly in the 0–40-cm soil layer with less water and N being distributed in the 40–60-cm soil layer.The F6 treatment led to 21.0 and 29.0%higher 2-year average concentration of mineral N in the 0–20 and 20–40-cm soil layer,respectively and a 23.0%lower N concentration in the 40–60-cm soil layer than in the CK treatment.The 2-year average tomato yields of the F3,F6,F12,and CK treatments were 107.5,102.6,87.2,and 98.7 t ha^(-1),respectively.The tomato yield of F3 was significantly higher (23.3%) than that in the F12 treatment,whereas there was no significant difference between the F3 and F6 treatment.The F6 treatment resulted in yield similar to the CK treatment,indicating that ADF could maintain tomato yield with a 40%saving in water use.Based on the distribution of water and N,and tomato yield,a fertigation frequency of 6 days under ADF should be considered as a water-saving strategy for greenhouse tomato production.展开更多
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution and the uniformity of soil water under alternative furrow irrigation in spring maize field in Cansu Province. Results showed that durin...Field experiments were conducted to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution and the uniformity of soil water under alternative furrow irrigation in spring maize field in Cansu Province. Results showed that during the crop growing season, alternative drying and wetting furrows could incur crops to endure a water stress. thus the adsorptive ability of root system could be enhanced. As there was no zero flux plane between irrigated furrows and non-irrigated furrows under alternative furrow irrigation, lateral infiltration of water was obviously increased, thus decreasing the deep percolation. Compared with the conventional irrigation, although the water consumption in alternative furrow irrigation was reduced, the uniformity of soil water was not obviously affected.展开更多
Aiming at less and un-uniform distribution rainfall problems, the serious draught in spring, low crop production and water efficiency in sandy soil area of Heilongjiang Province, the experiment of alternative furrow i...Aiming at less and un-uniform distribution rainfall problems, the serious draught in spring, low crop production and water efficiency in sandy soil area of Heilongjiang Province, the experiment of alternative furrow irrigation was conducted in Dumeng County in 2009. The purpose of the experiment was to find the water consumption law and its influence on maize yield. The results showed that the highest water consumption was during the heading stage and the highest daily consumption of water was during the filling stage. The stimulation effect of alternative furrow irrigation on yield was obvious in the appropriate irrigation level. The best irrigation pattern for the highest yield was as follows： the seedling stage was 325 m3. hm^-2; the jointing stage was 400 m3-hm^-2; and the filling stage was 288 m3- hm-2. The water consumption during each growing period was that the seedling was 38.85 mm; the jointing was 108.11 mm; the heading was 124.39 ram; the filling was 88.96 ram; the milk was 60.21 ram; and the harvesting was 47.89 mm.展开更多
Field experiments were conducted for two years to investigate the benefits of alternate furrow irrigation on fruit yield, quality and water use efficiency of grape （Vitis vinifera L. cv. Rizamat） in the arid region ...Field experiments were conducted for two years to investigate the benefits of alternate furrow irrigation on fruit yield, quality and water use efficiency of grape （Vitis vinifera L. cv. Rizamat） in the arid region of Northwest China. Two irrigation treatments were included, i.e., conventional furrow irrigation （CFI, two root-zones were simultaneously irrigated during the consecutive irrigation） and alternate partial root-zone furrow irrigation （AFI, two root-zones were alternatively irrigated during the consecutive irrigation）. Results indicate that AFI maintained similar photosynthetic rate （Pn） but with a reduced transpiration rate when compared to CFI. As a consequence, AFI improved water use efficiency based on evapotranspiration （WUEEr, fruit yield over water consumed） and irrigation （WUE~, fruit yield over water irrigated） by 30.0 and 34.5%, respectively in 2005, and by 12.7 and 17.7%, respectively in 2006. AFI also increased the edible percentage of berry by 2.91-4.79% significantly in both years. Vitamin C （Vc） content content of berry was increased by 25.6-37.5%, and tritrated acidity （TA） was reduced by 9.5-18.1% in AFI. This resulted in an increased total soluble solid content （TSS） to TA ratio （TSS/TA） by 11.5-16.7% when compared to CFI in both years. Our results indicate that alternate furrow irrigation is a practical way to improve grape fruit quality and water use efficiency for irrigated crops in arid areas.展开更多
Maize is widely planted throughout the world and has the highest yield of all the cereal crops. The arid region of North- west China has become the largest base for seed-maize production, but water shortage is the bot...Maize is widely planted throughout the world and has the highest yield of all the cereal crops. The arid region of North- west China has become the largest base for seed-maize production, but water shortage is the bottleneck for its long-term sustainability. Investigating the transpiration of seed-maize plants will offer valuable information for suitable planting and irrigation strategies in this arid area. In this study, stem flow was measured using a heat balance method under alternate furrow irrigation and double-row ridge planting. Meteorological factors, soil water content （e）, soil temperature （Ts） and leaf area （LA） were also monitored during 2012 and 2013. The diurnal stem flow and seasonal dynamics of maize plants in the zones of south side female parent （SFP）, north side female parent （NFP） and male parent （MP） were investigated. The order of stem flow rate was： SFP〉MP〉NFP. The relationships between stem flow and influential factors during three growth stages at different time scales were analyzed. On an hourly scale, solar radiation （Rs） was the main driving factor of stem flow. The influence of air temperature （Ta） during the maturity stage was significantly higher than in other periods. On a daily scale, Rs was the main driving factor of stem flow during the heading stage. During the filling growth stage, the main driving factor of NFP and MP stem flow was RH and Ts, respectively. However, during the maturity stage, the environ- mental factors had no significant influence on seed-maize stem flow. For different seed-maize plants, the main influential factors were different in each of the three growing seasons. Therefore, we identified them to accurately model the FP and MP stem flow and applied precision irrigation under alternate partial root-zone furrow irrigation to analyze major factors affecting stem flow in different scales.展开更多
Sustainable irrigation method is now essential for adaptation and adoption in the areas where water resources are limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to test the performance of alternate wetting and d...Sustainable irrigation method is now essential for adaptation and adoption in the areas where water resources are limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to test the performance of alternate wetting and drying furrow irrigation（AWDFI） on crop growth, yield, water use efficiency（WUE）, fruit quality and profitability analysis of tomato. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six treatments replicated thrice during the dry seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. Irrigation water was applied through three ways of furrow： AWDFI, fixed wetting and drying furrow irrigation（FWDFI） and traditional（every） furrow irrigation（TFI）. Each irrigation method was divided into two levels： irrigation up to 100 and 80% field capacity（FC）. Results showed that plant biomass（dry matter） and marketable fruit yield of tomato did not differ significantly between the treatments of AWDFI and TFI, but significant difference was observed in AWDFI and in TFI compared to FWDFI at same irrigation level. AWDFI saved irrigation water by 35 to 38% for the irrigation levels up to 80 and 100% FC, compared to the TFI, respectively. AWDFI improved WUE by around 37 to 40% compared to TFI when irrigated with 100 and 80% FC, respectively. Fruit quality（total soluble solids and pulp） was found greater in AWDFI than in TFI. Net return from AWDFI technique was found nearly similar compared to TFI and more than FWDFI. The benefit cost ratio was viewed higher in AWDFI than in TFI and FWDFI by 2.8, 8.7 and 11, 10.4% when irrigation water was applied up to 100 and 80% FC, respectively. Unit production cost was obtained lower in AWDFI compared to TFI and FWDFI. However, AWDFI is a useful water-saving furrow irrigation technique which may resolve as an alternative choice compared with TFI in the areas where available water and supply methods are limited to irrigation.展开更多
Dry direct-seeded rice grown in raised beds is becoming an important practice in the wheat–rice rotation system in China.However,little information has been available on the effect of various irrigation regimes on gr...Dry direct-seeded rice grown in raised beds is becoming an important practice in the wheat–rice rotation system in China.However,little information has been available on the effect of various irrigation regimes on grain yield,water productivity(WP),nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),and greenhouse gas emission in this practice.This study investigated the question using two rice cultivars in 2015 and 2016 grown in soil with wheat straw incorporated into it.Rice seeds were directly seeded into raised beds,which were maintained under aerobic conditions during the early seedling period.Three irrigation regimes:continuous flooding(CF),alternate wetting and drying(AWD),and furrow irrigation(FI),were applied from 4.5-leaf-stage to maturity.Compared with CF,both AWD and FI significantly increased grain yield,WP,and internal NUE,with greater increases under the FI regime.The two cultivars showed the same tendency in both years.Both AWD and FI markedly increased soil redox potential,root and shoot biomass,root oxidation activity,leaf photosynthetic NUE,and harvest index and markedly decreased global warming potential,owing to substantial reduction in seasonalThe results demonstrate that adoption of either AWD or FI could increase grain yield and resource-use efficiency and reduce environmental risks in dry direct-seeded rice grown on raised beds with wheat straw incorporation in the wheat–rice rotation system.展开更多
水分和氮素对水稻叶片光合特性和氮素吸收利用有重要影响,但在干湿交替灌溉条件下,水、氮是如何影响水稻叶片和根系氮代谢酶活性、产量和氮素吸收利用的仍不清楚。探明这一问题对于协同提高产量和氮肥利用效率有重要意义。本研究以超级...水分和氮素对水稻叶片光合特性和氮素吸收利用有重要影响,但在干湿交替灌溉条件下,水、氮是如何影响水稻叶片和根系氮代谢酶活性、产量和氮素吸收利用的仍不清楚。探明这一问题对于协同提高产量和氮肥利用效率有重要意义。本研究以超级稻品种南粳9108为材料,大田种植,设置全生育期常规灌溉(conventional irrigation,CI)和干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and drying irrigation,AWD)2种灌溉方式及5个施氮水平,不施氮(N0)、施氮90 kg hm^(-2)(N1)、施氮180 kg hm^(-2)(N2)、施氮270 kg hm^(-2)(N3)和施氮360 kg hm^(-2)(N4)。结果表明,与CI相比,AWD增加了水稻主要生育时期叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,提高了叶片净光合速率,并显著增加了叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性,显著降低了过氧化物酶、内肽酶活性和丙二醛含量,显著提高了根系中氮代谢酶硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性;AWD的产量较CI平均增加了10.4%。AWD显著提高了氮素转运量、氮素转运率、氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥偏生产力,产量和氮肥利用率均以AWD+N3处理组合的最高。因此,轻度干湿交替灌溉配合一定的施氮量,可以充分发挥水、肥效应,促进根系和叶片的氮代谢水平,提高叶片光合特性,协调地下地上部生长,有利于水稻产量和氮肥利用率的协同提高。展开更多
干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮量对水稻根系生长和产量形成有重要影响,但其对籽粒灌浆生理的影响,以及与根系生理的关系尚不明确。为探讨干湿交替灌溉和施氮量对水稻籽粒灌浆、籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性和激素含量变化及其根系生理的影响,以超级...干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮量对水稻根系生长和产量形成有重要影响,但其对籽粒灌浆生理的影响,以及与根系生理的关系尚不明确。为探讨干湿交替灌溉和施氮量对水稻籽粒灌浆、籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性和激素含量变化及其根系生理的影响,以超级稻品种南粳9108为材料,大田种植,设置常规灌溉(conventional irrigation,CI)和干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and drying,AWD)2种灌溉方式及5个施氮水平,全生育期不施氮肥(0N)、全生育期施氮肥90 kg hm^(-2)(90N)、全生育期施氮肥180 kg hm^(-2)(180N)、全生育期施氮肥270 kg hm^(-2)(270N)和全生育期施氮肥360 kg hm^(-2)(360N)。结果表明:灌溉方式与施氮量存在显著的互作效应,干湿交替灌溉增加了南粳9108籽粒最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率,提高了籽粒中蔗糖合成酶、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶、淀粉合成酶、淀粉分枝酶的活性和玉米素+玉米素核苷、3-吲哚乙酸、脱落酸的含量,增加了花后根系氧化力和根系中玉米素+玉米素核苷含量,促进水稻生育前期茎鞘中储存的NSC向籽粒的运转,且与270N耦合后产量最高,为本试验最佳水氮耦合模式。表明通过适宜的水肥调控发挥水氮耦合效应,可以提高水稻根系生理性能和籽粒灌浆生理活性,实现水稻高产。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51809189)the Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources,China(2019002)。
文摘Alternate partial root-zone drip fertigation (ADF) is a combination of alternating irrigation and drip fertigation,with the potential to save water and increase nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency.A 2-year greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different fertigation frequencies on the distribution of soil moisture and nutrients and tomato yield under ADF.The treatments included three ADF frequencies with intervals of 3 days (F3),6 days (F6) and 12 days (F12),and conventional drip fertigation as a control (CK),which was fertilized once every 6 days.For the ADF treatments,two drip tapes were placed 10 cm away on each side of the tomato row,and alternate drip irrigation was realized using a manual valve on the distribution tapes.For the CK treatment,a drip tape was located close to the roots of the tomato plants.The total N application rate of all treatments was 180 kg ha^(-1).The total irrigation amounts applied to the CK treatment were450.6 and 446.1 mm in 2019 and 2020,respectively;and the irrigation amounts applied to the ADF treatments were 60%of those of the CK treatment.The F3 treatment resulted in water and N being distributed mainly in the 0–40-cm soil layer with less water and N being distributed in the 40–60-cm soil layer.The F6 treatment led to 21.0 and 29.0%higher 2-year average concentration of mineral N in the 0–20 and 20–40-cm soil layer,respectively and a 23.0%lower N concentration in the 40–60-cm soil layer than in the CK treatment.The 2-year average tomato yields of the F3,F6,F12,and CK treatments were 107.5,102.6,87.2,and 98.7 t ha^(-1),respectively.The tomato yield of F3 was significantly higher (23.3%) than that in the F12 treatment,whereas there was no significant difference between the F3 and F6 treatment.The F6 treatment resulted in yield similar to the CK treatment,indicating that ADF could maintain tomato yield with a 40%saving in water use.Based on the distribution of water and N,and tomato yield,a fertigation frequency of 6 days under ADF should be considered as a water-saving strategy for greenhouse tomato production.
文摘Field experiments were conducted to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution and the uniformity of soil water under alternative furrow irrigation in spring maize field in Cansu Province. Results showed that during the crop growing season, alternative drying and wetting furrows could incur crops to endure a water stress. thus the adsorptive ability of root system could be enhanced. As there was no zero flux plane between irrigated furrows and non-irrigated furrows under alternative furrow irrigation, lateral infiltration of water was obviously increased, thus decreasing the deep percolation. Compared with the conventional irrigation, although the water consumption in alternative furrow irrigation was reduced, the uniformity of soil water was not obviously affected.
基金Supported by Construction Found of Key Laboratory for Water-saving Agriculture in Universities of Heilongjiang Province (2006BAD29B01)National Science and Technology Program of China (2007BAD88B01)
文摘Aiming at less and un-uniform distribution rainfall problems, the serious draught in spring, low crop production and water efficiency in sandy soil area of Heilongjiang Province, the experiment of alternative furrow irrigation was conducted in Dumeng County in 2009. The purpose of the experiment was to find the water consumption law and its influence on maize yield. The results showed that the highest water consumption was during the heading stage and the highest daily consumption of water was during the filling stage. The stimulation effect of alternative furrow irrigation on yield was obvious in the appropriate irrigation level. The best irrigation pattern for the highest yield was as follows： the seedling stage was 325 m3. hm^-2; the jointing stage was 400 m3-hm^-2; and the filling stage was 288 m3- hm-2. The water consumption during each growing period was that the seedling was 38.85 mm; the jointing was 108.11 mm; the heading was 124.39 ram; the filling was 88.96 ram; the milk was 60.21 ram; and the harvesting was 47.89 mm.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51222905, 51079147 and 50939005)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(863 Program, 2011AA100502)+1 种基金the Program of New Century Excellent Talents in University, Ministry of Education of China (NCET-11-0479)Hong Kong Research Grants Council, China (HKBU 262307)
文摘Field experiments were conducted for two years to investigate the benefits of alternate furrow irrigation on fruit yield, quality and water use efficiency of grape （Vitis vinifera L. cv. Rizamat） in the arid region of Northwest China. Two irrigation treatments were included, i.e., conventional furrow irrigation （CFI, two root-zones were simultaneously irrigated during the consecutive irrigation） and alternate partial root-zone furrow irrigation （AFI, two root-zones were alternatively irrigated during the consecutive irrigation）. Results indicate that AFI maintained similar photosynthetic rate （Pn） but with a reduced transpiration rate when compared to CFI. As a consequence, AFI improved water use efficiency based on evapotranspiration （WUEEr, fruit yield over water consumed） and irrigation （WUE~, fruit yield over water irrigated） by 30.0 and 34.5%, respectively in 2005, and by 12.7 and 17.7%, respectively in 2006. AFI also increased the edible percentage of berry by 2.91-4.79% significantly in both years. Vitamin C （Vc） content content of berry was increased by 25.6-37.5%, and tritrated acidity （TA） was reduced by 9.5-18.1% in AFI. This resulted in an increased total soluble solid content （TSS） to TA ratio （TSS/TA） by 11.5-16.7% when compared to CFI in both years. Our results indicate that alternate furrow irrigation is a practical way to improve grape fruit quality and water use efficiency for irrigated crops in arid areas.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51222905, 51321001, 51439006)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program, 2011AA100505)+1 种基金the Ministry of Water Resources of China (201201003)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, Ministry of Education, China (NCET11-0479)
文摘Maize is widely planted throughout the world and has the highest yield of all the cereal crops. The arid region of North- west China has become the largest base for seed-maize production, but water shortage is the bottleneck for its long-term sustainability. Investigating the transpiration of seed-maize plants will offer valuable information for suitable planting and irrigation strategies in this arid area. In this study, stem flow was measured using a heat balance method under alternate furrow irrigation and double-row ridge planting. Meteorological factors, soil water content （e）, soil temperature （Ts） and leaf area （LA） were also monitored during 2012 and 2013. The diurnal stem flow and seasonal dynamics of maize plants in the zones of south side female parent （SFP）, north side female parent （NFP） and male parent （MP） were investigated. The order of stem flow rate was： SFP〉MP〉NFP. The relationships between stem flow and influential factors during three growth stages at different time scales were analyzed. On an hourly scale, solar radiation （Rs） was the main driving factor of stem flow. The influence of air temperature （Ta） during the maturity stage was significantly higher than in other periods. On a daily scale, Rs was the main driving factor of stem flow during the heading stage. During the filling growth stage, the main driving factor of NFP and MP stem flow was RH and Ts, respectively. However, during the maturity stage, the environ- mental factors had no significant influence on seed-maize stem flow. For different seed-maize plants, the main influential factors were different in each of the three growing seasons. Therefore, we identified them to accurately model the FP and MP stem flow and applied precision irrigation under alternate partial root-zone furrow irrigation to analyze major factors affecting stem flow in different scales.
基金Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh for providing fund and facilities for sustainable irrigation and water management practices
文摘Sustainable irrigation method is now essential for adaptation and adoption in the areas where water resources are limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to test the performance of alternate wetting and drying furrow irrigation（AWDFI） on crop growth, yield, water use efficiency（WUE）, fruit quality and profitability analysis of tomato. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six treatments replicated thrice during the dry seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. Irrigation water was applied through three ways of furrow： AWDFI, fixed wetting and drying furrow irrigation（FWDFI） and traditional（every） furrow irrigation（TFI）. Each irrigation method was divided into two levels： irrigation up to 100 and 80% field capacity（FC）. Results showed that plant biomass（dry matter） and marketable fruit yield of tomato did not differ significantly between the treatments of AWDFI and TFI, but significant difference was observed in AWDFI and in TFI compared to FWDFI at same irrigation level. AWDFI saved irrigation water by 35 to 38% for the irrigation levels up to 80 and 100% FC, compared to the TFI, respectively. AWDFI improved WUE by around 37 to 40% compared to TFI when irrigated with 100 and 80% FC, respectively. Fruit quality（total soluble solids and pulp） was found greater in AWDFI than in TFI. Net return from AWDFI technique was found nearly similar compared to TFI and more than FWDFI. The benefit cost ratio was viewed higher in AWDFI than in TFI and FWDFI by 2.8, 8.7 and 11, 10.4% when irrigation water was applied up to 100 and 80% FC, respectively. Unit production cost was obtained lower in AWDFI compared to TFI and FWDFI. However, AWDFI is a useful water-saving furrow irrigation technique which may resolve as an alternative choice compared with TFI in the areas where available water and supply methods are limited to irrigation.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300206-4)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31461143015, 31471438)+3 种基金the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2014AA10A605)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD-201501)the Top Talent Supporting Program of Yangzhou University (2015-01)the Hong Kong Research Grant Council (14122415,14160516,14177617,AoE/M-05/12,AoE/M-403/16)
文摘Dry direct-seeded rice grown in raised beds is becoming an important practice in the wheat–rice rotation system in China.However,little information has been available on the effect of various irrigation regimes on grain yield,water productivity(WP),nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),and greenhouse gas emission in this practice.This study investigated the question using two rice cultivars in 2015 and 2016 grown in soil with wheat straw incorporated into it.Rice seeds were directly seeded into raised beds,which were maintained under aerobic conditions during the early seedling period.Three irrigation regimes:continuous flooding(CF),alternate wetting and drying(AWD),and furrow irrigation(FI),were applied from 4.5-leaf-stage to maturity.Compared with CF,both AWD and FI significantly increased grain yield,WP,and internal NUE,with greater increases under the FI regime.The two cultivars showed the same tendency in both years.Both AWD and FI markedly increased soil redox potential,root and shoot biomass,root oxidation activity,leaf photosynthetic NUE,and harvest index and markedly decreased global warming potential,owing to substantial reduction in seasonalThe results demonstrate that adoption of either AWD or FI could increase grain yield and resource-use efficiency and reduce environmental risks in dry direct-seeded rice grown on raised beds with wheat straw incorporation in the wheat–rice rotation system.
文摘水分和氮素对水稻叶片光合特性和氮素吸收利用有重要影响,但在干湿交替灌溉条件下,水、氮是如何影响水稻叶片和根系氮代谢酶活性、产量和氮素吸收利用的仍不清楚。探明这一问题对于协同提高产量和氮肥利用效率有重要意义。本研究以超级稻品种南粳9108为材料,大田种植,设置全生育期常规灌溉(conventional irrigation,CI)和干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and drying irrigation,AWD)2种灌溉方式及5个施氮水平,不施氮(N0)、施氮90 kg hm^(-2)(N1)、施氮180 kg hm^(-2)(N2)、施氮270 kg hm^(-2)(N3)和施氮360 kg hm^(-2)(N4)。结果表明,与CI相比,AWD增加了水稻主要生育时期叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,提高了叶片净光合速率,并显著增加了叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性,显著降低了过氧化物酶、内肽酶活性和丙二醛含量,显著提高了根系中氮代谢酶硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性;AWD的产量较CI平均增加了10.4%。AWD显著提高了氮素转运量、氮素转运率、氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥偏生产力,产量和氮肥利用率均以AWD+N3处理组合的最高。因此,轻度干湿交替灌溉配合一定的施氮量,可以充分发挥水、肥效应,促进根系和叶片的氮代谢水平,提高叶片光合特性,协调地下地上部生长,有利于水稻产量和氮肥利用率的协同提高。
文摘干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮量对水稻根系生长和产量形成有重要影响,但其对籽粒灌浆生理的影响,以及与根系生理的关系尚不明确。为探讨干湿交替灌溉和施氮量对水稻籽粒灌浆、籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性和激素含量变化及其根系生理的影响,以超级稻品种南粳9108为材料,大田种植,设置常规灌溉(conventional irrigation,CI)和干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and drying,AWD)2种灌溉方式及5个施氮水平,全生育期不施氮肥(0N)、全生育期施氮肥90 kg hm^(-2)(90N)、全生育期施氮肥180 kg hm^(-2)(180N)、全生育期施氮肥270 kg hm^(-2)(270N)和全生育期施氮肥360 kg hm^(-2)(360N)。结果表明:灌溉方式与施氮量存在显著的互作效应,干湿交替灌溉增加了南粳9108籽粒最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率,提高了籽粒中蔗糖合成酶、腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶、淀粉合成酶、淀粉分枝酶的活性和玉米素+玉米素核苷、3-吲哚乙酸、脱落酸的含量,增加了花后根系氧化力和根系中玉米素+玉米素核苷含量,促进水稻生育前期茎鞘中储存的NSC向籽粒的运转,且与270N耦合后产量最高,为本试验最佳水氮耦合模式。表明通过适宜的水肥调控发挥水氮耦合效应,可以提高水稻根系生理性能和籽粒灌浆生理活性,实现水稻高产。
