Rotating magnetic field inhibits Aβ protein aggregation and alleviates cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease mice

Amyloid beta(Aβ)monomers aggregate to form fibrils and amyloid plaques,which are critical mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Given the important role of Aβ1-42 aggregation in plaque formation,leading to brain lesions and cognitive impairment,numerous studies have aimed to reduce Aβaggregation and slow AD progression.The diphenylalanine(FF)sequence is critical for amyloid aggregation,and magnetic fields can affect peptide alignment due to the diamagnetic anisotropy of aromatic rings.In this study,we examined the effects of a moderate-intensity rotating magnetic field(RMF)on Aβaggregation and AD pathogenesis.Results indicated that the RMF directly inhibited Aβamyloid fibril formation and reduced Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in neural cells in vitro.Using the AD mouse model APP/PS1,RMF restored motor abilities to healthy control levels and significantly alleviated cognitive impairments,including exploration and spatial and non-spatial memory abilities.Tissue examinations demonstrated that RMF reduced amyloid plaque accumulation,attenuated microglial activation,and reduced oxidative stress in the APP/PS1 mouse brain.These findings suggest that RMF holds considerable potential as a non-invasive,high-penetration physical approach for AD treatment.

Movement behavior and separation of Al_(2)O_(3)from Al melt under rotating magnetic field

The effect of a rotating magnetic field(RMF)on the distribution of Al_(2)O_(3)particles with an Al melt was studied by means of simulation and experiment.The results show that Al_(2)O_(3)particles(diameter of 1-10μm,1wt.%)are significantly agglomerated at the top of ingots when subjected to an RMF,and their distribution is influenced by both the intensity and the duration of RMF application.The optimal separation efficiency is achieved with the magnetic intensity of 12 mT for 120 s.The number of the particles at the bottom and the middle decreases by 64.5%and 69.7%,respectively,while that at the top increases by 242.5%compared to the condition without an RMF.However,if further increase the intensity or the duration of RMF,it can induce turbulent flows that draw some of the separated Al_(2)O_(3)particles back into the melt,reducing separation efficiency.The calculation results show that as the magnetic intensity increases from 6 mT to 18 mT,the velocity difference between the particles and the Al melt flow quadruples,increasing from 0.013 m·s^(-1)to 0.066 m·s^(-1).Driven by this velocity difference,centrifugal motion,and secondary circulation,Al_(2)O_(3)particles tend to migrate upwards within the melt,facilitating the separation of impurity particles and enhancing the purity of the melt.

Corrosion behavior of T2 copper in 3.5% sodium chloride solution treated by rotating electromagnetic field

Copper is susceptible to producing corrosion problems in corrosive environments, which leads to serious safety problems. Thus, investigating the corrosion behavior of copper is of great significance. The effects of rotating electromagnetic field on corrosion behavior of T2 copper in 3.5% sodium chloride solution with electrochemical measurements were investigated. The results showed that rotating electromagnetic field changed properties of 3.5% sodium chloride solution by increasing the values of temperature and pH and decreasing the values of conductivity and dissolved oxygen. The rotating electromagnetic field improved the corrosion resistance of T2 copper. The corrosion products of T2 copper in treated 3.5% sodium chloride solution were composed of Cu20 and CuCl. The low corrosion rate of T2 copper was resulted from the decrease of dissolved oxygen in 3.5% sodium chloride solution treated by rotating electromagnetic field.

Heisenberg Model in a Rotating Magnetic Field

We study the Hcisenberg moder under the influence of a rotating magnetic field. By using a time- dependent unitary transformation, the time evolution operator for the Schrodinger equation is obtained, which involves no chronological product. The spin vectors (mean values of the spin operators) are obtained as explicit functions of time in the most general case. A series of cyclic solutions are presented. The nonadiabatic geometric phases of these cyclic solutions are caleulated, and are expressed in terms of the solid angle subtended by the closed trace of thc total spin vector, as well as in terms of those of the individual spins.

Effect of compound treatment of rotating magnetic field and Al-5Ti-1B refiner on microstructure and properties of Al-5Cu alloy

The Al-5Cu alloys were prepared by different treatment methods,including adding a refiner Al-5Ti-1B,exerting a rotating magnetic field(RMF),and compound treatment of both refiner and RMF.The effects of treatment methods on the microstructure,properties,and solid solubility of the Al-5Cu alloy were investigated.The optimal magnetic field parameters and addition amount of refiner were confirmed by experiment.Results show that either RMF or adding refiner Al-5Ti-1B alone can refine the grain size,and the refining effect can be further improved by a compound refining treatment with optimized magnetic field parameters(120 A current and 8 Hz frequency) and 1.0wt.% Al-5Ti-1B refiner(RMF*+Al-5Ti-1B*).The average grain size is decreased to 68.1 μm,which is 60.8%,21.1%,and 83.5% lower than that of the alloy treated by the optimized rotating magnetic field,the Al-5Ti-1B refiner,and the alloy without any treatment,respectively.The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy reach 232.5 MPa and 18.6%,respectively,which are obviously higher than those of the alloys treated by rotating magnetic field,Al-5Ti-1B refiner,and the alloy without any treatment,respectively.Additionally,the solid solubility of the alloy is also obviously improved compared to the alloys treated by other methods.

Crystal orientation and corrosion resistance of CuNi10Fe1Mn alloy billet under rotating electromagnetic field

CuNi10Fe1Mn alloy billet under rotating electromagnetic field (REF) was characterized in this work. The change of the crystal orientation was first explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning election microscope (SEM); the corrosion resistance was done by three electrodes system, and the natural sea water was used as corrosion medium. The results demonstrate that the strongest crystal orientation is transformed from crystal plane (200) to (111); moreover, the crystal plane (111) whose intensity is the strongest on the cross section and vertical section with REF causes the tubes be rolled easily, and the corrosion resistance of the billet is increasing with REF. As a result, properties of CuNi10Fe1Mn alloy tubes can be improved by REF.

Numerical study on three-dimensional flow field of continuously rotating detonation in a toroidal chamber

Gaseous detonation propagating in a toroidal chamber was numerically studied for hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures. The numerical method used is based on the three-dimensional Euler equations with detailed finiterate chemistry. The results show that the calculated streak picture is in qualitative agreement with the picture recorded by a high speed streak camera from published literature. The three-dimensional flow field induced by a continuously rotating detonation was visualized and distinctive features of the rotating detonations were clearly depicted. Owing to the unconfined character of detonation wavelet, a deficit of detonation parameters was observed. Due to the effects of wall geometries, the strength of the outside detonation front is stronger than that of the inside portion. The detonation thus propagates with a constant circular velocity. Numerical simulation also shows three-dimensional rotating detonation structures, which display specific feature of the detonation- shock combined wave. Discrete burning gas pockets are formed due to instability of the discontinuity. It is believed that the present study could give an insight into the interest- ing properties of the continuously rotating detonation, and is thus beneficial to the design of continuous detonation propulsion systems.

EFFECT OF ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELD ONMACROSTRUCTURE OF A CENTRIFUGALCASTING Al-1%Cu ALLOY

Rotating electromagnetic field is applied to the centrifugal casting, the macrostructure of centrifugal casting Al-1%Cu alloy stirred with driving or backing magnetic field are both examined. It is shown that both kinds of electromagnetic filed can enforce the columnar-equiaxed transition, the driving one decrease the tendency of porosity occurring due to the increase in the bulk liquid pressure. Stirring with braking electromagnetic field produces the mixture of outer fine grains and inner coarse grains in the casting, this is analyzed to be contributed to the differences both in electric conductivity and density between the crystal and the melt, as well as skin effects.

The effect of toroidal field on the rotating magnetic field current drive in rotamak plasmas

A rotamak is one kind of compact spherically shaped magnetic-confinement device. In a rotamak the plasma current is driven by means of rotating magnetic field （RMF）. The driven current can reverse the original equilibrium field and generate a field-reversed-configuration. In a conventional rotamak, a toroidal field （TF） is not necessary for the RMF to drive plasma current, but it was found that the present of an additional TF can influence the RMF current drive. In this paper the effect of TF on the RMF current drive in a rotamak are investigated in some detail. The experimental results show that addition of TF increases the RMF driven current greatly and enhances the RMF penetration dramatically. Without TF, the RMF can only penetrate into plasma in the edge region. When a TF is added, the RMF can reach almost the whole plasma region. This is an optimal strength of toroidal magnetic field for getting maximum plasma current when Bv and radio frequency generator power are fixed. Besides driving current, the RMF generates high harmonic fields in rotamak plasma. The effect of TF on the harmonic field spectra are also reported.

Statistical study of co-rotating interaction region properties with STEREO and ACE observations

We analyzed the data on co-rotating interaction regions （CIRs） measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer （ACE） and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory （STEREO） from 2007 to 2010. The CIRs were observed by STEREO B （STB）, ACE and STEREOA （STA） one after another, and a total of 28 CIRs were identified in this work. Since the same characteristics of CIRs were detected by these three spacecraft at three different locations and times, these data can help us to study the evolutions of CIRs. For a single event, the properties of CIRs observed by the three spacecraft were quite different and could be explained by spatial or temporal variations. For all these 28 CIRs, STA and STB observed similar mean parameters, such as peak magnetic field strength （offset 11%）, peak and change in solar wind speed （offset 3% and 10% respectively）, peak proton temperature （offset 14%） and peak perpendicular pressure （offset 15%）. Surprisingly, STA detected much higher （41%） peak density of protons than STB.

Study on Metal Detection with an Electromagnetic Induction Probe Utilizing a Rotating Magnetic Field

The present paper describes an investigation conducted on metal detectors installed with a scanning probe.The authors applied a rotating magnetic field probe to metal detection.The rotating magnetic field probe is comprised of two vertically placed rectangular exciting coils and a circular detecting coil.The experimental results confirmed that the probe can detect metal objects and provide more information about their shape,direction,and electromagnetic characteristics than conventional metal detector probes.A two-dimensional signal display shows a low-resolution image of the metal object and the signal phase indicates the object’s direction and electromagnetic characteristics.The experimental results show that excellent reconstruction of the surface shapes of metal objects can be obtained for both magnetic and nonmagnetic metals under present conditions.There is also the potential for the approximate shape of a metal object to be estimated from the reconstructed image.

Numerical simulations on the AC loss of REBCO stacks under rotating magnetic fields

AC loss presents a significant challenge for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) rotating machines. To date, the behaviour of total AC loss (Qtol) (with current) and magnetization loss (Qm) (without current) in a single HTS tape under rotating magnetic fields (RF) have been explored. However, a research gap remains in understanding how these findings translate to the more complex HTS windings of rotating machines. Further exploration is needed to understand the loss behaviour of more complex HTS structures, such as HTS stacks. In this work, Qtol and Qm, in the HTS stacks under RF and a perpendicular AC standing wave magnetic field are numerically investigated. Two different RF models are considered: one is the Uni-RF model, characterized by a uniform field with equal field amplitudes and phases at each position, and the other is a non-uniform field created by a rotating Halbach array, referred to as the Hal-RF model. The dependence of AC loss on parameters such as the number of tapes in the stacks, tape width (2a), and the inclination angle (α) of tapes, which refers to the angle between the normal direction of the stack and the vertical direction, have been explored. The number of tapes in the stacks ranges from 1 to 16, α ranges from 0° to 90°, and the tape width includes 4 mm and 40 mm. Additionally, different rotating field directions are also considered. Interestingly, the analytical values from Brandt and Indenbom equation for Q_(m) of a superconducting strip (BI-strip) are close to Q_(m) results of the stacks under the standing wave at high fields, while they are over twice as high as those in the Hal-RF model at 1 T. This suggests the BI-strip equation is not reliable for predicting Q_(m) under RF at high fields. We also show in the Hal-RF model that different rotation directions of the field lead to varying Q_(m) and Qtol when asymmetric Jc (B, θ) data are applied. Moreover, it has been observed that the inclination angle has no impact on Q_(m) under uniform RF while significantly impacts both Q_(m) and Qtol in the Hal-RF model.

Effects of Different Cropping Systems on Soil Quality

[Objective] The aim was to explore the soil properties change in the process of field crops into greenhouse vegetables and their possible adverse effects on the environment.[Method] Fertilization,irrigation,crop growth conditions and soil quality changes in the major cropping systems（greenhouse monoculture,greenhouse rotation and open field rotation）in Chongming Island,Shanghai were investigated from 2007 to 2009.[Result] Different cropping systems significantly affected soil quality.Soil organic carbon,mineral nitrogen,available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium content increased in greenhouse cultivation compared to open field rotation due to excessive application of irrigation and fertilizers.Soil pH values decreased by 0.6 and 0.4 in the greenhouse monoculture and greenhouse rotation,respectively,while did not significantly change in open field rotation.Meanwhile,greenhouse cultivation significantly increased soil EC,and NO-3 and Cl-contents,which showed an increasing trend with the planting years increase.However,the salt content changes were not significant in open field rotation.[Conclusion] High cropping index,excessive fertilizer input and inappropriate fertilization and irrigation resulted in greenhouse soil quality degradation due to weak farmer＇s skill and local extension services.

Effect of Co particles combined with rotating magnetic field on microstructure and properties of Sn35Bi/Cu joint

By means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,uni-versal testing machine and wetting furnace,the effects of Co particles and rotating magnetic field on the microstructure and properties of Sn35Bi/Cu joint are investigated.The results show that after combined treatment,the formation of fine CoSn2 particles in the weld can ef-fectively refine the weld microstructure of Sn35Bi/Cu,reduce the thickness of intermetallic compounds(IMCs)layer,improve the wettabil-ity of the filler metal and increase the shear strength of the joint.After combined treatment,the shear strength of Sn35Bi-Co/Cu joint is up to 56 MPa when Co content is 0.9 wt.%,which is 76%higher than that of Sn35Bi/Cu joint under conventional conditions,and the wetting angle of the composite filler metal is 19.1°when Co content is 0.6 wt.%,which is 40%lower than that of the conventional Sn35Bi filler metal.

Low field induced giant anisotropic magnetocaloric effect in DyFeO_3 single crystal

We have investigated the anisotropic magnetocaloric effect and the rotating field magnetic entropy in Dy FeO3 single crystal. A giant rotating field entropy change of -ΔSM^R = 16.62 J/kg·K was achieved from b axis to c axis in bc plane at 5 K for a low field change of 20 k Oe. The large anisotropic magnetic entropy change is mainly accounted for the 4 f electron of rare-earth Dy^3＋ ion. The large value of rotating field entropy change, together with large refrigeration capacity and negligible hysteresis, suggests that the multiferroic ferrite Dy FeO3 singlecrystal could be a potential material for anisotropic magnetic refrigeration at low field, which can be realized in the practical application around liquid helium temperature region.

Meshless simulation for skeleton driven elastic deformation

A meshless simulation system is presented for elastic deformation driven by skeleton in this paper. In this system, we propose a new method for calculating node rotation while applying a similar technique with stiffness warping to tackle the nonlinear large deformation. In our method, all node rotations are evaluated from sampling points in attached skeleton by con- structing and solving the diffusion partial differential equation. The experiments indicated that the method can enhance the sta- bility of the dynamics and avoid fussy sub-step calculation in static deformation edition. Moreover, rational deformation results for the area around the skeleton joints can be simulated without user interaction by adopting the simplified technique.

Numerical Investigation of Submarine Hydrodynamics and Flow Field in Steady Turn

This paper presents numerical simulations of viscous flow past a submarine model in steady turn by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations（RANSE） for incompressible, steady flows. The rotating coordinate system was adopted to deal with the rotation problem. The Coriolis force and centrifugal force due to the computation in a bodyfixed rotating frame of reference were treated explicitly and added to momentum equations as source terms. Furthermore, velocities of entrances were coded to give the correct magnitude and direction needed. Two turbulence closure models（TCMs）, the RNG k-ε model with wall functions and curvature correction and the Shear Stress Transport（SST） k-ω model without the use of wall functions, but with curvature correction and low-Re correction were introduced, respectively. Take DARPA SUBOFF model as the test case, a series of drift angle varying between 0° and 16° at a Reynolds number of 6.53×10^6 undergoing rotating arm test simulations were conducted. The computed forces and moment as a function of drift angle during the steady turn are mostly in close agreement with available experimental data. Though the difference between the pressure coefficients around the hull form was observed, they always show the same trend. It was demonstrated that using sufficiently fine grids and advanced turbulence models will lead to accurate prediction of the flow field as well as the forces and moments on the hull.

Effects of Paddy Field Rotation on Diseases,Pests and Weeds of Rice

[ Objective] The paper was to explore ecological effect of paddy field rotation on reducing disease, pests and weeds of rice. [ Method] With long-term continuous cropping rice as control, according to field location experiments for consecutive 14 years, the effects of paddy field rotation on diseases, pests and weeds of rice were studied in details. [ Result] Paddy field rotation in some extent could reduce diseases, pests and weeds of rice. The diseased plant rate and disease in- dex of rice sheath blight in early rice under paddy field rotation treatment were averagely 10% and 0.4% lower than those in continuous cropping treatment, respec- tively. The diseased plant rate and disease index of rice sheath blight in late rice were 17.7% and 13.3% lower than those in treatments with continuous cropping mode, respectively. The diseased plant rate and disease index of rice false smut in both early rice and late rice under rotation treatments were lower than those in treatments with continuous cropping mode. White leaf rate caused by rice leaf roller and dry heart rate caused by striped rice borer under rotation treatments were significantly lower than those under continuous cropping treatment. The growth status of weeds under rotation treatments was weaker than that under continuous cropping treatment. [ Conclusion] The paper has important significance on alleviating diseases, pests and weeds of rice and improvement of ecological environment of farmland, and provides theoretical basis for sustainable development of agriculture.

Development of a software package for determination of geodynamic parameters from combined processing of SLR data from LAGEOS and LEO

In this study, a method for determination of stations coordinates, Earth rotation parameters and gravity field coefficients in one solution from SLR data from LAGEOS and LEO is presented. A new software package based on the presented method has been developed. All recommendations from IERS Con- ventions 2010 have been included. In addition, some other perturbations and loading effects are taken into account： atmospheric tides, non-tidal atmosphere and ocean variability, albedo and non-tidal at- mospheric pressure loading. Results of different solutions with the use of only LAGEOS data or LAGEOS plus LEO satellites data are presented. Pole coordinates obtained from both solutions show comparable accuracy relative to IERS 08 C04 solution. As for UT1 corrections in terms of Length-of-Day an additional improvement in accuracy is found： 1.0 ms for LAGEOS and 0.2 ms for the combined LAGEOS ＋ LEO solution. Time series of the estimated degree-2 gravity field coefficients show a very good agreement with results of the Center of Space Research （Austin/USA）. As a final remark, some future mandatory steps are outlined.

The kinematics of an untwisting solar jet in a polar coronal hole observed by SDO/AIA

Using the multi-wavelength data from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly （AIA） onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory （SDO） spacecraft, we study a jet occurring in a coronal hole near the northern pole of the Sun. The jet presented distinct upward helical motion during ejection. By tracking six identified moving features （MFs） in the jet, we found that the plasma moved at an approximately constant speed along the jet＇s axis. Meanwhile, the MFs made a circular motion in the plane transverse to the axis. Inferred from linear and trigonometric fittings to the axial and transverse heights of the six tracks, the mean values of the axial velocities, transverse velocities, angular speeds, rotation periods, and rotation radii of the jet are 114 km s-1, 136 km s-1, 0.81° s-1, 452 s and 9.8 × 10^3 km respectively. As the MFs rose, the jet width at the corresponding height increased. For the first time, we derived the height variation of the longitudinal magnetic field strength in the jet from the assumption of magnetic flux conservation. Our results indicate that at heights of 1 × 10^4 -7 × 10^4 km from the base of the jet, the flux density in the jet decreases from about 15 to 3 G as a function of B = 0.5（R/R） - 1）-0.84 （G）. A comparison was made with other results in previous studies.