Research on hydrokinetics characteristics of rotating pipe fluid in the crossed electric and magnetic field

The rotating pipe fluid in the crossed electric and magnetic field not only suffered the forces in the steady condition, but also suffered Coriolis force, centrifugal force because of rotation and electromagnetic volume force. The motion equation of fluid and the hydrokinetics equations of rotating pipe were described in the Cartesians coordinates. The equations showed that the solutions to hydrokinetics equations of rotating pipe in the crossed electric and magnetic electromagnetic field were highly complicated and numerical calculations were also astronomical. The pressure distribution and temperature distribution of one dimension were solved using the electromagnetic equations set. The results showed that the fluid in rotating pipe was in the asymmetrical pressure field and temperature field because it was in the energy exchange and thermo-electrical coupling course. The primary characteristic of flow course could be expressed using the proposed hydrokinetics equations.

Improved Dissipation Rate Equation for Swirling and Rotating Pipe Flows

The nature of turbulent swirling and rotating flow in a straight pipe is investigated using a family of near-wall two-equation models. Specifically, the viability of three different near-wall two-equation models is assessed. These models are asymptotically consistent near the wall. The first two models, one with isotropic and another with anisotropic eddy viscosity invoked, solved a dissipation rate equation with no explicit correction made to account for swirl and flow rotation. The third model assumes an isotropic eddy viscosity but solves an improved dissipation rate equation that has explicit corrections made to account for swirl and flow rotation. Calculations of turbulent flows in the swirl number range 0.25 - 1.3 with and without a central recirculation region reveal that, with the exception of the third model, neither one of the other two models can replicate the mean field at the swirl numbers tested. Furthermore, taking stress anisotropy into account also fails to model swirl effect correctly. Significant improvements can be realized from the third model, which is based on an improved dissipation rate equation and the assumption of isotropic eddy viscosity. The predicted mean flow and turbulence statistics correlate well with measurements at low swirl. At high swirl, the two-equation model with an improved dissipation rate equation can still be used to model swirling and rotating pipe flows with a central recirculation region. However, its simulation of flows without a central recirculation region is not as satisfactory.

Low frequency oscillatory flow in a rotating curved pipe

The low frequency oscillatory flow in a rotating curved pipe was studied by using the method of bi parameter perturbation. Perturbation solutions up to the second order were obtained and the effects of rotation on the low frequency oscillatory flow were examined in detail. The results indicated that there exists evident difference between the low frequency oscillatory flow in a rotating curved pipe and in a curved pipe without rotation. During a period, four secondary vortexes may exist on the circular cross section and the distribution of axial velocity and wall shear stress are related to the ratio of the Coriolis force to centrifugal force and the axial pressure gradient.

UNSTEADY INTERMITTENT FLOW IN A ROTATING CURVED PIPE

The effects of rotation and intermittent frequency on the flow transition ofsecondary flow and, main flow were examined in detail. Certain hitherto unknown flow patterns werefound. A numerical study was performed to study the characteristics of unsteady intermittent flow ina rotating curved pipe. Due to the rotation, both the Coriolis force and the centrifugal forcecould contribute to the unsteady intermittent flow and some complicated phenomena can be found. Theresults indicate that the unsteady intermittent flow are mainly characterized by five parameters:the Dean number Dn, the curvature κ, the maximal force ratio F (of the Coriolis force to thecentrifugal force in a cycle), the intermittent frequency parameter η (the ratio of a pulslatingtime to the cycle period), and the Womersley number α. Present works shows the natures of theunsteady intermittent flow in a rotating curved pipe.

FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OF OLDROYD-B FLUIDS IN A ROTATING CURVED PIPE

The flow and convected heat transfer of the Oldroyd-B fluids in a rotating curved pipe with circular cross-section were investigated by employing a perturbation method. A perturbation solution up to the second order was obtained for a small curvature ratio, κ. The variations of axial velocity distribution and secondary flow structure with F, Re and We were discussed in detail in order to investigate the combined effects of the three parameters on flow structure. The combined effects of the Coriolis force, inertia force and elastic force on the temperature distribution were also analyzed, which are greater than the adding independent effects of the three forces. The variations of the flow rate and Nusselt number with the rotation, inertia and elasticity were examined as well. The results show the characteristics of the heat and mass transfer of the Oldroyd-B fluids in a rotating curved pipe.

THE PERTURBATION SOLUTIONS OF THE FLOW IN A ROTATING CURVED ANNULAR PIPE

WT5”BZ]In this paper, the flow in a rotating curved annular pipe is examined by a perturbation method. A second order perturbation solution is presented. The characteristics of the secondary flow and the axial flow are studied in detail. The study indicates that the loops of the secondary flow are more complex than those in a curved annular pipe without rotation and its numbers depend on the ratio of the Coriolis force to centrifugal force F. As F≈-1, the secondary flow has eight loops and its intensity reaches the minimum value, and the distribution of the axial flow is like that of the Poiseuille flow. The position of the maximum axial velocity is pushed to either outer bend or inner bend, which is also determined by F. [WT5”HZ]

Heat Transfer Characteristics outside the Condenser of a Rotating Heat Pipe Grinding Wheel with a Lateral Air Impinging Jet

This study numerically analyzed the heat transfer characteristics outside the condenser of a rotating heat pipe grinding wheel(RHP-GW).The goal of this investigation is to determine the optimal structure and parameters for the condenser section of RHP-GW.Different fin height(f=0-7 mm),rotational Reynolds number(Rer=1602-6408)and jet Reynolds number(Rej=42379-108302)were analyzed under input heat flux of 4000 W/m2.A fully developed flow was imposed at the outlet of the nozzles.Results showed that the optimal heat transfer rate was obtained for fin height of 5 mm,which improved the average Nusselt number by 84%compared to the structure without fins.A critical Rej for each Rer that the impinging jet can reach the condenser section was found.The critical Rej value increases with Rer,which is in the range from 42379 to 61215 and 61215 to 80050 for Rer=6408 and Rer=9610,respectively.

Nanoparticle distribution in a rotating curved pipe considering coagulation and dispersion

We study the evolution of the particle number concentration, mass concentration, particle polydispersity, particle diameter and geometric standard deviation considering particle coagulation and dispersion in a rotating curved pipe at different Reynolds number, Schmidt number and F number. It is found that, when the Coriolis force and the centrifugal force point to the same direction, particles concentrate near the outside edge of the pipe, which becomes more obvious as time goes by. The particle number and mass concentration increase faster at the early stage than that at the later stage, and approach a stable value finally. As the coagulation proceeds, the particle diameter, polydispersity and geometric standard deviation increase and have high values in the region close to the outside edge of the pipe. When the Coriolis force and the centrifugal force point to the oppo- site direction and the Coriolis force is more dominant than the centrifugal force, particles concentrate near the inside edge of the pipe. The particles in the region with a high number concentration have high mass concentration, large diameter and high polydispersity as well as large geometric standard deviation. The particle distribution is dependent on the balance of the pipe curvature and rotating speed. The Reynolds number and the Schmidt number have effects on the particle distribution when other parameters remain unchanged. An increase in the Reynolds number leads to an increase in particle number concentration and mass concentration, and a decrease in particle polydispersity, particle diameter and geometric standard deviation. With the increase of Schmidt number the particle number concentration and mass concentration increase, and the particle polydispersity, particle diameter and geometric standard deviation decrease.

LAMINAR DEVELOPING FLOW IN THE ENTRANCE REGION OF ROTATING CURVED PIPES

Three-dimensional laminar flow in the entrance region of rotating curved pipes was investigated. The governing equations were written in an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system and solved with a fully three-dimensional numerical method. The development of secondary flow, axial velocity, local and average friction factors for different cases of rotation were given and discussed in detail. The results show that rotation influences the flow structure and friction factor greatly and that the secondary flow is sink-type in the early stage of development and then turns to vortex structure. The average friction factor and the intensity of secondary flow have drastic decrease near the entrance. At some proper rotation, the average friction factor can be noticeably reduced.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FLUID FLOW IN A ROTATING CURVED ELLIPTICAL PIPE

A numerical study was conducted for the fully developed laminar flow in rotating curved elliptical pipe. Due to the rotation, the Coriolis force can also contribute to the secondary flow. The interaction of rotation and curvature complicates the flow characteristics. The boundary-fitted coordinate was adopted to study the flow characteristic in the rotating systems. The effects of rotation on the flow transition were studied in detail. The generation and mergence of vortices in rotating curved elliptical pipes were also captured for the first time. The simulation results show that the flow for the case of large aspect ratio of the cross-section is more likely to be unstable than that for smaller one.

Numerical investigation of flow and heat transfer performances of horizontal spiral-coil pipes

The flow and heat transfer performances of horizontal spiral-coil pipes of circular and elliptical cross-sections are studied.The numerical results are compared with the experimental data,to verify the numerical method.The effects of the inlet water mass flow rate,the structural parameters,the helical pitch and the radius ratio on the heat transfer performances are investigated.Performances of the secondary fluid flow with different radius ratios are also investigated.Numerical results demonstrate that the heat transfer coefficient and the Nusselt number increase with the increase of the water mass flow rate or the helical pitch.The maximum heat transfer coefficient and the maximum Nusselt number are obtained when the radius ratio is equal to 1.00.In addition,the fluid particle moves spirally along the pipe and the velocity changes periodically.The particle flow intensity and the spiral movement frequency decrease significantly with the increase of the radius ratio.Besides,the secondary flow profile in the horizontal spiral-coil pipe contains two oppositely rotating eddies,and the eddy intensity decreases significantly along the pipe owing to the change of curvature.The decreasing tendency of the eddy intensity along the pipe increases with the increase of the radius ratio.